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课时作业(八)　Unit 3　Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills　(分值：55分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
A
No one was born to be a good painter. Even the most famous artists have learned skills with the brush and perfected these skills over many years to become great.
Does a white piece of canvas make you want to create a good painting If it does, then it is a great hobby for you. It is a great feeling to watch an idea begin to take shape and be expressed on the canvas in many different colors.
To enjoy this kind of thing one needs to understand art first. We all have a hidden artist within us waiting to come out, as long as we have the time and ability to care for it. Painting is so simple that you do not have to be a certain age or have special qualifications or additional skills to start.
One can start learning to paint at any time. It is beautiful to know this fact itself. Drawing, scribbling (乱画) and painting are all art forms. From drawing on paper or in notebooks to scribbling on walls, each one of us has expressed our feelings through art. Started as a hobby, art can easily become a profession.
Art is a basic form of communication. Just as scenery inspires a poet to write a poem, just as a musician likes to make music with a natural sound, just as a dancer dances to a rhythm or beat, an artist picks up his brush to paint on a white canvas to express himself. Drawing is unfortunately more associated with children because they do not care how their artworks are judged. Even an adult can learn about art and drawing. It can be quite an excellent hobby. It is a form of communication that everyone can see. A painting can create warmth, calm the soul and bring happiness to one's life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们艺术是什么，并且告诉我们绘画是一种很好的业余爱好，我们应该培养这种爱好。
1．What can we infer from the passage？(　　)
A．Art is a really difficult hobby to start.
B．It takes years for an artist to be successful.
C．Art should be learned from a very young age.
D．Drawing is a tiresome hobby.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，最著名的画家也是花费了很多年完善他们的能力，最终成名。故选B。
2．What is the passage mainly about？(　　)
A．It mainly tells the readers what art healing is.
B．It mainly tells some suggestions to artists.
C．It mainly talks about learning art and what art is.
D．It mainly tells us how to work as a professional artist.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们艺术是什么，并且告诉我们绘画是一种很好的业余爱好，我们应该培养这种爱好。故选C。
3．It can be inferred that ____________．(　　)
A.art becomes your profession so long as you understand it
B．learning to paint is more difficult than learning to play music
C.artists can express their feelings through their artworks
D．only children can paint as a hobby
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...an artist picks up his brush to paint on a white canvas to express himself”可知，艺术家可以拿起画笔在白色的画布上作画来抒发自己。故选C。
B
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well- known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明小时候就展现出了绘画的天赋，并在堂兄及Williams的帮助下下定决心成为一名画家的故事。
4．What is the text mainly about？(　　)
A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是美国绘画之父本杰明小时候如何最终下定决心要成为一名画家的故事。故C项可作为文章的主旨。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest？(　　)
A．The cat would he closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
答案：D
解析：句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes”可知，本杰明拥有了真正的画笔，不再需要用猫毛制作画笔了。这句的本意是“这只猫的命运即将改善”。
6．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？(　　)
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes”可知，为了开发本杰明的绘画才能，Pennington送给了他一盒颜料和一些画笔，也就是向他提供了绘画材料。
7．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____________.(　　)
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist”可知，这两本书最终使得本杰明决定成为一名画家。
C
With summer drawing to a close, parents are helpless.
Camp's over. The kids' friends have left for warmer places. A trip to the pool doesn't bring the same excitement as it did in June. And so many families have no choice but to go for a trip to the amusement park.
Whether you're thinking of Six Flags, Sesame Place，Hersheypark or Dutch Wonderland, don't do it—you'll be sorry. Amusement parks—especially water parks—have never been more popular. More than 26 million people went to Six Flags last year. These parks bring out the worst in kids and parents alike. What starts out as a special treat ends up in disappointment and tears.
As soon as you get to the park, you pay a couple of hundred dollars for a family of four. Already, expectations are unrealistic as parents start to do the math. How many rides will I get for the money The answer—at least in August—is four.
That's because of the lines. Time stops as you stand in line leading to even the least exciting ride. Over and over we count the number of people in front of us, wondering how many more rounds there'll be before our turn. Then there are the other parents—some of whom seem to think the lines are part of the game.
At Dutch Wonderland last weekend, one father walked up to my kids and asked if they were in line. For five minutes, he had his daughter stand behind them. When I turned my head, he had her stand ahead of them. Then he did it to the kids next in line, too.
By the end of the day, you see mothers and fathers buy their kids ice creams again and again to ease the influences of the heat, disappointment and anger.
It's like they've forgotten—it was all the kids' idea in the first place.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者认为家长带孩子去游乐园不是一个好的选择，并通过在游乐园里排队的经过来说明这一观点。作者指出，在游乐园一天结束的时候，你会看到父母一遍又一遍地给孩子买冰淇淋，以缓解炎热、失望和愤怒的影响。
8．Why are parents helpless？(　　)
A．Their kids are having little fun.
B．They are not good at planning trips.
C.Their kids depend on them too much.
D．They are too busy to play with their kids.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Camp's over. The kids' friends have left for warmer places. A trip to the pool doesn't bring the same excitement as it did in June. And so many families have no choice but to go for a trip to the amusement park.”可知，夏令营结束了，孩子们的朋友们去了更暖和的地方，去池子里游泳嬉戏也没有带来像六月份那样的乐趣，家长别无选择，只能带孩子去游乐场找乐趣。由此可知，父母感到无助是因为他们的孩子找不到什么乐趣。
9．What does the author think of the money spent by parents？(　　)
A．It is not worth it.
B．It is good for the family.
C．It wouldn't be so much in August.
D．It is a waste for those poor at math.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“As soon as you get to the park, you pay a couple of hundred dollars for a family of four. Already, expectations are unrealistic as parents start to do the math. How many rides will I get for the money The answer—at least in August—is four.”可推知，作者认为家长的这些钱花得不值。
10．Why did the father ask the author's kids whether they were in line？(　　)
A．He was a polite person.
B．He couldn't find the line.
C．He wanted his kid to cut in line.
D．He wanted to teach them a lesson.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“At Dutch Wonderland last weekend, one father walked up to my kids and asked if they were in line. For five minutes, he had his daughter stand behind them. When I turned my head, he had her stand ahead of them. Then he did it to the kids next in line, too.”可知，这位父亲问作者的孩子们他们是否在排队，因为他想让他的孩子插队。
11．What would be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Behave well, little kids!
B．Mind your manners, parents!
C．Make your choices carefully
D．Keep away from amusement parks
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段可知，作者认为家长带孩子去游乐园不是一个好的选择，并通过在游乐园里排队的经过来说明这一观点。作者指出，在游乐园一天结束的时候，你会看到父母一遍又一遍地给孩子买冰淇淋，以缓解炎热、失望和愤怒的影响。故D选项“远离游乐园”最适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Almost every large city has its own museums. The museums often show things from the city's or the country's past, including its history, developments and other well-known achievements. 1(____)
The things that are displayed in a museum are usually the best things, just like the Louvre Palace in France which is regarded as one of three great museums in the world. Works of art such as the sculpture of Venus de Milo and the Mona Lisa painting are very famous. 2(____) We all want to see those things even if we are not artists.
3(____) They are not as famous as the Louver. However, if you are going to visit the U．S. or the U.K., your guide will surely introduce these museums to you. They are both very well-known places. The things on display are not only works of art, but also the country's pride and joy. It doesn't matter where they were produced; people just care about where they are displayed.
4(____) Every day, thousands of visitors go to these museums. Parents take their young children to museums in order to educate them and give them role models. Teachers take students there to show how great and beautiful China is. 5(____) Artists find their inspiration there.
A．If I get a chance to visit France one day, the Louvre is of course the first place I will visit.
B．Friends meet at museums to do something different instead of simply having dinner together.
C.Parents and their children can have a good time in the museums if they are interested in history.
D．Two other museums are the Metropolitan Museum in New York and the British Museum in London.
E．Museums are likely to be the best places when you want to have a better understanding of a country.
F．That's why museums are perhaps the best choice for a tourist who wants to learn about the city or the country.
G．China has its own museums, and their themes can be very different—paintings, historical persons, books and so on.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各地都有博物馆以及博物馆的作用。
1．答案：F
解析：空前面一句提到博物馆经常会展示这座城市或这个国家的过去，所以空处表示“对于一位想了解这座城市或这个国家的游客来说博物馆可能是最佳的选择”。故选F。
2．答案：A
解析：空前面提到了卢浮宫，所以空处表示“如果有一天我有机会去巴黎，卢浮宫当然是我的首选”。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：根据空后面的两句话可知，they指代的是位于美国和英国的两家博物馆。故空处会提到具体的两家博物馆。故选D。
4．答案：G
解析：第二段提到法国的卢浮宫，第三段提到美国的纽约大都会博物馆和英国的大英博物馆，然后根据最后一段中的“Teachers take students there to show how great and beautiful China is.”可知，空处提到中国也有自己的博物馆。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：空前面提到父母带孩子参观博物馆，老师带学生参观博物馆，空后面提到艺术家参观博物馆，由此可知，空处指朋友参观博物馆。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I was one of the people 1.________ came from all parts of China to work on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. It is a record of all of our efforts 2.________ (complete) the most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns. The Qingshuihe Bridge is the world's longest bridge 3.________ (build) over permafrost. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total 4.________ (long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to 5.________ new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, Tanggula Station is the 6.________ (high) railway station in the world. To make sure we railway workers stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations 7.________ (construct). We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along Cuona Lake to protect it 8.________ construction waste. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 9.________ (attract) people's admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. It 10.________ (true) is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参与修建青藏铁路时，为了保护当地生态，工程队做了许多的努力。
1．答案：who/ that
解析：句意：我是从中国各地来到青藏铁路工作的人员之一。分析可知，“1.______ came from all parts of China to work on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway”在句中为定语从句，先行词为people，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。
2．答案：to complete
解析：句意：它是我们完成最困难工程挑战的全部努力的记录。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语，修饰名词efforts，efforts to do sth.“做某事的努力”，故填to complete。
3．答案：built
解析：句意：清水河大桥是世界上最长的跨越永久冻土的桥梁。分析可知，“3.______ (build) over permafrost”在句中为定语，修饰名词bridge，动词build与名词bridge为动宾关系，故填built。
4．答案：length
解析：句意：为了防止湿地和草原受到破坏，在格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁，总长约160公里。形容词修饰名词，空前total为形容词，所以此处用名词length，作with的宾语，故填length。
5．答案：a
解析：句意：为了保护其独特的生态系统，我们甚至将14万平方米的湿地迁移到一个新的地区。area“地区，区域”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，所以空处用不定冠词a，表示把湿地移到了一个新的地区，故填a。
6．答案：highest
解析：句意：位于海拔5 000多米处，唐古拉车站是世界上(海拔)最高的火车站。结合空后的“in the world”可知，此处指在世界范围内，同时结合空前的定冠词the，所以此处用最高级highest。
7．答案：were constructed
解析：句意：为了保证我们铁路工人的健康，建造了几个制氧站。空处在句中为谓语，结合前文的“stayed”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时；另主语several oxygen-making stations和动词construct为动宾关系，所以空处用被动语态，且主语是复数，谓语动词是复数。故填were constructed。
8．答案：from/against
解析：句意：我们利用成千上万的沙袋，沿着措那湖建造了一道20公里长的围墙，以保护它不受建筑垃圾的污染。短语：protect ...from/against ...“保护……免遭……”，所以空处填介词from/against。
9．答案：has been attracting/has attracted
解析：句意：青藏高原几个世纪以来一直吸引着人们的目光。结合时间状语“for centuries”可知，空处表示动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，可能还将继续延续或者表示截止到现在的一个结果，所以空处的时态可以用现在完成进行时或者现在完成时。主语“The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”为单数含义，故填has been attracting/has attracted。
10．答案：truly
解析：句意：它的确是一条非同寻常的“天路”。空处在句中为状语， 故填truly。
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