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课时作业(三)　Unit 1　Section C Extended reading & Project & Further study　(分值：45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
In 2015, researchers from Australia's Deakin University published one of the first studies measuring food's physical effect on the left hippocampus (海马体), a seahorse-shaped brain region crucial for memory, learning, and decision making. It is also one of the first areas to shrink in people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia (痴呆). 255 people filled out diet surveys and then underwent MRI (磁共振扫描成像) that measured their brains. Four years later, they returned for another scan in response to a request from the researchers.
The study found that the left hippocampus was bigger and heavier in the healthy eaters than in the unhealthy ones, regardless of age, sex, weight, exercise habits, or general health. That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia. Healthy eating doesn't just prevent brain decline. It raises scores on thinking and memory tests, according to a study published in March 2019 that tracked 2，621 American women and men for 30 years. “Green leafy vegetables have good effects that may protect both females and males against cognitive (认知的) decline and dementia，” says lead researcher Claire McEvoy, RD, of the Centre for Public Health at Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Even a little healthy food goes a long way. According to a 2018 Rush University study that tracked 960 people for 4.7 years, participants who ate just 1.3 extra servings of green leafy vegetables a day showed cognitive abilities similar to those of people 11 years younger.
How are these power foods working with your brain cells Animal and test-tube experiments suggest that compounds in healthy diets help new cells make copies of DNA when they divide and multiply. Meanwhile, high-fat, high-sugar processed foods harm brain cells.
While food serves as an important brain protector, experts say brain supplements (补品) aren't all that effective. Studies show that they don't make brain cells active in a significantly positive way. “Let the buyer be cautious，” says David Hogan, MD, a specialist at the University of Calgary. A study of nootropics (益智药) in the November 2019 Journal of the American Medical Association revealed that the unapproved drug—piracetam (乙酰胺吡咯烷酮) was found in four out of five brands tested, at levels that could cause side effects such as depression.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了健康饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对大脑的影响——可以预防老年痴呆。
1．Why did the researchers have the 255 people return for another MRI scan four years later？(　　)
A．To test whether they had Alzheimer's disease.
B．To see what effects diets had on the left hippocampus.
C．To study how they kept healthy in the four years.
D.To deepen their research into Alzheimer's disease.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知，他们回来是为了再做一次扫描来给实验提供数据，也就是说研究者想看看饮食对左海马体有什么影响。故选B。
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2？(　　)
A.Healthy eating helps to reduce the risk of dementia.
B．Unhealthy diet is a major contributing factor in cognitive decline.
C．Age and sex have nothing to do with our general health.
D．Plant-based diets have greater effects on women than men.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，吃健康的食物是对左侧海马体有积极的影响的，健康的饮食有助于降低患痴呆症的风险。故选A。
3．Which of the following would David Hogan most probably agree with？(　　)
A.Brain supplements are as helpful as healthy diets.
B.We'd better take brain supplements for convenience.
C.We should be careful when taking brain supplements.
D.Brain supplements have as many side effects as processed foods.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Let the buyers be cautious”可知，我们在服用大脑补品时应该小心。因为他发现有些药可以导致像抑郁症这样的副作用的。故选C。
4．What might be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Yes to Green Leafy Vegetables
B．Yes to Nootropics
C．No to Intelligence
D．No to Dementia
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文都在讲健康的饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对海马体的积极影响。故选A。
B
Feeling hungry Then what's the easiest way to satisfy your hunger Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy and stressful lives add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the epidemic, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It's estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 dishes from 60, 000 restaurants.
It's no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and enjoy something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain diseases. A few years ago, the BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice is to find a cooking book and try making your own healthy meal. And if you haven't got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单，加上人们生活忙碌紧张使得外卖食品在人们生活中越来越普遍。但从健康方面考虑，外卖食品存在着弊端。最健康的选择是自己做饭，如果没有时间，就尽量点健康的食物。
5．What has made ordering and delivering takeaway food easy？(　　)
A．The fast-pace lifestyle.
B．Takeaway delivery apps.
C.The coronavirus crisis.
D．Lack of cooking skills.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“外卖递送应用程序让点餐变得又快又方便”和“这三款最大的送餐应用共提供来自6万家餐厅的100道菜的选择”可知外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单。故选B。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Processed food is usually sold at a low price.
B．It's unbelievable for people to enjoy fast food.
C．Fast food does less harm to the health of adults.
D．The youth consume fast food more frequently.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，几年前，BBC美食国度调查发现，大多数人平均每周有两天吃快餐。但是现在，在16到20岁的人群中，六分之一的人每天至少吃两次快餐。通过对比可知现在年轻人吃快餐更频繁。故选D。
7．According to the article, how can you eat most healthily？(　　)
A．Preparing meals yourself.
B．Eating in large restaurants.
C．Eating takeaway occasionally.
D．Adding vegetables and fruit.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the best advice is to find a cooking book and try making your own healthy meal.”可知找一本烹饪书，试着自己做健康的饭菜才是最健康的选择。故选A。
8．What's the text mainly about？(　　)
A．The popularity of takeaway.
B．The necessity of cooking at home.
C．The harm caused by takeaway.
D．The dilemma takeaway faces.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。第二段第二句说明了外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单，尤其在疫情期间成了部分人的救生索。第三段介绍了常吃外卖食品不健康，但外卖订餐越来越普遍的现状。这些说明了外卖食品的两面性，“The dilemma takeaway faces”全面概括了文章内容。而其他选项均是文章内容的某一方面。故选D。
C
Children experience advertisements in many forms—on TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media and more. And advertisements work on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why it's important for children to learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.
Advertisements affect children in different ways. How children think of advertisements can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.
At 0—2 years old, children can't tell the difference between advertisements and actual programmes.
At 3—6 years old, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programmes, but they don't understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.
At 7—11 years old, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques (策略) like advertisements overstating (夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren't as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products' bad points.
To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they're trying to do.
It's a good idea to focus on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. Ask questions like: What's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for
They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同年龄段的孩子对广告的不同认知以及家长如何引导孩子正确看待广告。
9．What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1 mean？(　　)
A．Watch. B．Say.
C．Buy. D．Discuss.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“And advertisements work on children.For example，the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for.”可知，广告对孩子是有影响的，一个孩子看电视的时间越多，这个孩子想要的玩具可能就越多。结合语境，尤其是根据“want and ask for”可推测，广告就是要让人们买东西，故画线词的意思是“购买”。故选C项。
10．What do children aged 0—2 think of advertisements？(　　)
A．They are pretty funny.
B．They are trying to sell toys.
C．They are being shown in many ways.
D.They are no different from other programmes.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“At 0—2 years old，children can't tell the difference between advertisements and actual programmes.”可知，0到2岁的孩子无法区分广告和真正的节目，即他们认为广告和其他节目没有区别。故选D项。
11．At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth？(　　)
A．2. B．3.
C．5. D．8.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At 7—11 years old...they can...recognize some advertising techniques like advertisements overstating how good products are.”可知，7到11岁的孩子知道广告讲的不是事实。D项在上述年龄段中。故选D项。
12．How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children？(　　)
A.By guiding them to see through advertisements.
B.By teaching them how to run advertisements.
C.By buying advertised products and comparing them.
D.By talking about the most successful advertisements.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后三段中的“the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements”和“Ask questions like：What's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for？”以及“They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product.”可知，父母应该和孩子谈论广告，让孩子对广告的目的进行思考，并谈论广告推销产品所使用的技巧。由此推测，父母可以通过引导孩子识破广告的目的来限制广告对孩子的影响。故选A项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
We are currently living in a world 1.________ rapid advances in medicine and technology influence our lives on 2.________ regular basis. One technology, which in recent years 3.________ (develop) very quickly, is cloning.
Clones refer to animals or plants that are produced to be exact 4.________ (copy) of one another. Clones of different kinds are produced in various ways, and they have become 5.________ (value) in many medical applications and biological experiments. Most are produced in the laboratory, with some of them 6.________ (occur) in several species in a natural way.
A report in 2018 had pictures of Macaque monkeys that had been cloned successfully. Since they are primates (灵长目动物) like us, it gets us to come even 7.________ (close) to find the right procedures of the cloning of humans.
This comes to the question why we would need or want to do this. Would it be 8.________ the best interest of humankind to develop this technology Besides, the moral questions that will be raised 9.________ (be) unbelievable, and would it be an accomplishment that could benefit humankind enough 10.________ (balance) the ill effects that it might produce
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响着我们的生活， 其中一项技术就是克隆。本文重点介绍了克隆的概念、现状以及存在的一些问题。
1．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以发现， 空前是主句， 空处引导定语从句， 修饰先行词world, 空处在从句中作地点状语， 故用where。
2．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响我们的生活。on a regular basis“定期地， 经常地”，故填不定冠词a。
3．答案：has developed/has been developing
解析：考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知， develop的动作从过去开始持续到现在， 并有可能持续下去， 故应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时， 故用has developed/has been developing。
4．答案：copies
解析：考查名词复数。copy在此表示“复制品”， 是可数名词。根据后面的one another“彼此， 互相”可知， 此处copy不止一个， 故用copy的复数形式。
5．答案：valuable
解析：考查形容词。句意：克隆在很多医疗应用和生物实验中变得很重要。根据语境和系动词后跟形容词的用法可知， 此处用value的形容词形式。valuable“珍贵的， 很重要的， 有用的。”
6．答案：occurring
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数克隆是在实验室中进行的， 还有一些在一些物种身上自然发生。逗号前是完整的一个句子， 逗号后是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构， 因为occur是不及物动词， 且occur与其主语在逻辑上是主谓关系， 故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
7．答案：closer
解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句意和空前的even可知， 空处应用副词的比较级closer。
8．答案：in
解析：考查介词。in the best interest of...意思是“对……最有利”， 固定搭配。
9．答案：are
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实， 故用一般现在时； 由句子主语moral questions为复数可知， 谓语动词应用are。
10．答案：to balance
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它会是一个可以让人类所获益处足以抵消它带来的负面影响的成就吗？ enough to do sth. “足够做某事”。
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