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课时作业(十)　Unit 4　Section A Welcome to the unit & Reading　(分值：45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120，000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest, performing poems from memory for $100，000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to schoolwide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions, and then the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion came to Washington, D. C．， last week for the last showdown (对决). After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a $ 20，000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on the page.
It's not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It's the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，朗诵和聆听一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph, we can know ________．(　　)
A．the Greeks were the first to write poems
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D.athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前，诗歌只是口头朗诵的，所以当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传授。故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington, D. C．？(　　)
A．Three. B．Four
C．Five. D．Six.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的介绍可知，参赛者经过在班里、在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后才来到华盛顿进行比赛。
3．According to the passage, hearing a poem recited by many people can ________．(　　)
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.”可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听者带来新的感受。故选D。
4．What's the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Reciting poems improves your memory.
B．Remembering a lot of poems is fun.
C．Poetry rocks the microphone.
D．Poets have a great time.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文。主要告诉我们在全国很多学校要举办诗歌朗诵大赛，朗诵和聆听诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。由此可知C项符合主题。
B
Poetry is the artistic expression of the human thoughts and feelings in rhythmical and emotional pared with prose (散文), it lays more stress on rhythm, imagery (意象), emotion, and imagination. As its language is rhythmical, its sound is highly musical. We may say, “No rhythm, no poetry”， no matter the rhythm of poetry is traditional as in metrical (格律的) style or “natural” as in free verse.
So the poet must write carefully and reflectively in order to find words that not only fulfill the demands of meter and rhyme, but also express the meaning in a manner that complements the imagery and tone of the rest of the poem. This careful use of language is the most significant difference between ordinary prose and poetry.
The ordinary prose writer neatly builds an argument using words the way a mason (石匠) builds a house using bricks; the poet is an artisan who creates a fieldstone hearth (粗石炉)—each stone or each word is turned over, examined, and often laid aside until it can be placed where its shape, weight, and color will contribute to the strength and beauty of the whole. Prose, according to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, is “words in their best order”， and poetry is “the best words in their best order”．
The reader's chief delight in reading poetry comes from his response to its musical effect, which comes from many metrical patterns represented in conventional iambic (抑扬格) feet or from repetitions and parallel phrasing shown in free verse and from other elements of poetry.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了诗歌与散文之间的区别，以及人们读诗的乐趣所在。
5．What's the purpose of saying “No rhythm, no poetry” in Paragraph 1？(　　)
A．To show the importance of rhythm in poetry.
B.To show rhythm is the most important element.
C.To show there is no limit on the use of rhythm.
D.To show rhythm is more important than poetry.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，诗歌的语言是有韵律的。因此常说没有韵律就没有诗歌，无论诗歌的韵律是传统的格律风格还是自由诗体的自然风格。由此可推知引用这句话是为了说明韵律对于诗歌来说很重要。故选A。
6．What is the most important difference between ordinary prose and poetry？(　　)
A．The degree of emotion.
B．The careful choice of words.
C．The delicate use of the metric style.
D．The demands of meter and rhyme.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“This careful use of language is the most significant difference between ordinary prose and poetry.”可知，相比散文，诗歌最显著的不同是对语言的精挑细选。故选B。
7．Where is the reader's main joy in reading poetry？(　　)
A．The experience of the poet's emotion.
B．The appreciation of the metrical pattern.
C.The reader's reaction to the musical effect.
D．The comprehension of the thoughts and feelings.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The reader's chief delight in reading poetry comes from his response to its musical effect.”可知，读者读诗的最大乐趣来自其对诗歌的音乐感回应。故选C。
8．How is the text mainly developed？(　　)
A．By definition. B．By examples.
C．By quotation. D．By comparison.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。全文把诗歌与散文在韵律、意境、选词方面进行了对比，故可知，作者通过对比的方式来写文章。故选D。
C
My mother was from a generation of women in India who truly worked the “double shift”， but that did not mean that her responsibilities at home were in any way decreased. It's one of the reasons I do not blame her for not being passionate about food the way I am, or not making cooking with my sister and me a priority. The last thing she needed was us walking around the kitchen, messing up her system, and making a mess.
I only started cooking for myself when I was homesick in England and the food of my homeland and childhood made me feel closer to my family. Mom and I have very different styles of cooking. I have a huge collection of cookbooks and I love learning all about food that is unfamiliar to me. Mom's cooking and her recipes came all down from her parents, a continuation of oral (口述的) traditions and culture. Sometimes, I catch my mom browsing through my cookbook collection in wonder and I see her eyes widen with appreciation and understanding.
I like to develop a recipe, and if it isn't right the first time, I'll keep trying until it's perfect. My samosa (萨莫萨三角炸饺) recipe, for example, is testament (证明) to it. Mom never liked making samosas; she thought they were a waste of time when we could just as easily go and buy some. I was enthusiastic about making the perfect ones, and gave her calls—a lot of them in the middle of the night—until I knew I had the right recipe and quantities. When we cook together, I am constantly pestering (打扰) her for quantities and she looks at me with amusement, as I am pulling my hair in frustration: Whose handful is that small handful referring to, Mother But my mom smiles as she happily adds a pinch of (一撮) this and a teaspoon of that. She tells me that I am lucky to be able to enjoy cooking, and asks if I am too serious about quantities, and am I still enjoying myself
My mom has taught me a lot about life and food. I am really grateful to her.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者因为妈妈对烹饪有了更深刻的理解。
9．What was the author's mom like when the author was young？(　　)
A．She didn't get on with her kids.
B．She gave up her work to take care of her family.
C．She didn't want her kids to be in the kitchen.
D.She often blamed her kids for being particular about food.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The last thing she needed was us walking around the kitchen, messing up her system，and making a mess(她最不需要的就是我们在厨房里走来走去搞乱她的秩序，搞得一团糟)”可知，作者小时候作者的妈妈不想让她和妹妹出现在厨房中。
10．What can we infer about the author's mom's looking through cookbooks？(　　)
A．She wants to write her own cookbooks.
B．She hopes to improve traditional cooking.
C．She is doubtful about the author's cooking style.
D.She appreciates the author's cooking interest.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sometimes，I catch my mom browsing through my cookbook collection in wonder and I see her eyes widen with appreciation and understanding(有时，我看到我妈妈好奇地浏览我的食谱收藏，我看到她睁大了眼睛，充满欣赏和理解)”可知，作者的妈妈很赞同作者学习烹饪。
11．Why did the author mention samosas in the text？(　　)
A．To show her love of cooking.
B．To indicate they were her favorite food.
C．To express her appreciation for her mom.
D．To prove her mom was bad at making them.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“I like to develop a recipe, and if it isn't right the first time, I'll keep trying until it's perfect. My samosa recipe, for example, is testament to it. Mom never liked making samosas; she thought they were a waste of time when we could just as easily go and buy some. I was enthusiastic about making the perfect ones, and gave her calls—a lot of them in the middle of the night—until I knew I had the right recipe and quantities(我喜欢开发一个食谱，如果第一次不对，我会继续尝试，直到它完美。比如说，我的萨莫萨三角炸饺菜谱就是最好的证明。妈妈从来不喜欢做萨莫萨三角炸饺；她认为做萨莫萨三角炸饺是浪费时间，而我们可以很容易地去买一些。我热衷于做出完美的萨莫萨三角炸饺，并给她打电话——很多都是在半夜打的——直到我知道我有正确的食谱和用量)”可知，作者提到萨莫萨三角炸饺的例子是为了说明她对烹饪的热爱。
12．What might the author's mom agree with？(　　)
A．Cooking can make one calm down.
B．One should read cookbooks critically.
C.One shouldn't be too serious about quantities while cooking.
D．It's not a good idea to involve too many cooks in cooking.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But my mom smiles as she happily adds a pinch of this and a teaspoon of that. She tells me that I am lucky to be able to enjoy cooking, and asks if I am too serious about quantities, and am I still enjoying myself？(但是我妈妈笑着高兴地加了一小撮这个和一茶匙那个。她告诉我，我很幸运能够享受烹饪，并问我是否我对用量过于在意，我仍然自得其乐吗？)”可知，妈妈想要告诉作者要想充分享受烹饪的乐趣，就不应该过分纠结用量。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $ 500，000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and continued writing poems.
In 2015, she finally __2__ what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife __3__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's __4__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __5__ situation，” says Heather.
She __6__ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __7__ a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation, with all expenses paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a __8__ vacation, she couldn't believe it.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were being able to __9__ the simple things. She was afraid the heaviness would return when the __10__ was over, but to her __11__， it hasn't been back since.
“Before the vacation they are so __12__， but the change is so __13__. They reflect and relax. It feels __14__ like another world and gives them a __15__ to see their lives from another angle，” she adds.
　　　　
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位获奖诗人Heather McHugh利用自己的50万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中从不一样的角度看待他们的人生。
1．(　　)A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
答案：A
解析：逻辑推理题。根据空前面一句可知，她获得了50万美元的奖金后，并没有购买汽车或去旅游，反而(However)她将这些钱存入银行继续写诗。
2．(　　)A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
答案：D
解析：逻辑推理题。根据这一段的内容可知，此处表示在2015年，她终于决定(decided)如何处理它。
3．(　　)A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
答案：B
解析：词义辨析题。此处指那一年，Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来(welcomed)了他们的第一个孩子，一个漂亮的女婴，但严重残疾。
4．(　　)A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
答案：C
解析：逻辑推理题。因为生的孩子有残疾，所以“我”看到了人们的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间改变的。
5．(　　)A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
答案：B
解析：逻辑推理题。我开始关注那些处于相似(similar)处境的人。
6．(　　)A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
答案：A
解析：逻辑推理题。她发现(discovered)有数以百万计的护理员在照顾慢性病患者或残疾人。
7．(　　)A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
答案：D
解析：逻辑推理题。在2012年，Heather成立了(formed)一个非营利组织，为那些照顾他人至少十年的人提供七天的假期，所有费用由他们承担。
8．(　　)A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
答案：A
解析：逻辑推理题。根据前面的“with all expenses paid”可知，是提供Tricia免费的(free)旅行。
9．(　　)A.close B．avoid
C．worry D．enjoy
答案：D
解析：背景常识题。人们一般都会喜欢简单的生活，Tricia也是，所以此处指她最喜欢的就是享受(enjoy)简单的生活。
10．(　　)A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
答案：C
解析：词汇复现题。根据上一段中的“she was offered a __8__ vacation”可知。
11．(　　)A.disappointment
B．excitement
C．embarrassment
D．surprise
答案：D
解析：逻辑推理题。她担心假期结束后，这种沉重的感觉会回来，但令她惊讶(surprise)的是，这种感觉从那以后就再也没有回来过。
12．(　　)A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
答案：D
解析：逻辑推理题。根据上一段的“She was afraid the heaviness would return...was over”(她担心假期结束后，这种沉重的感觉会回来)可知，假期前他们压力很大。
13．(　　)A.puzzling B．amazing
C．interesting D．amusing
答案：B
解析：逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知，此处指假期前他们压力很大，但变化是如此惊人(amazing)。
14．(　　)A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
答案：C
解析：逻辑推理题。它给他们一种神奇的感觉，仿佛置身于另一个世界。slightly轻微地；interestingly有趣地；magically神奇地；mostly主要地。
15．(　　)A.place B．situation
C．height D．chance
答案：D
解析：逻辑推理题。此处指让他们有机会从另一个角度审视自己的生活。chance机会。
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