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课时作业(十一)　Unit 4　Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills　(分值：40分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
A
Reading poems is not exactly an everyday activity for most people. In fact, many people never read a poem once they get out of high school.
It is worth reminding ourselves that this has not always been the case in America. In the nineteenth century, a usual American activity was to sit around the fireside in the evening and read poems aloud. It is true that there was no television at the time, nor movie theaters, nor World Wide Web, to provide diversion. However, poems were a source of pleasure, of self-education, of connection to other people or to the world beyond one's own community. Reading them was a social act as well as an individual one and perhaps even more social than individual. Writing poems to share with friends and relations was like reading poems by the fireside, another way in which poetry has a place in everyday life.
How did things change Why are most Americans no longer comfortable with poetry, and why do most people today think that a poem has nothing to tell them and that they can do well without poems
There are, I believe, three factors: poets, teachers and we ourselves. Of these the least important is the third: the world surrounding the poem has betrayed us more than we have betrayed the poem. Early in the twentieth century, poetry in English headed into directions unfavorable to the reading of poetry. Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night and that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.
Poets failed the reader, so did teachers. They want their students to know something about the skills of a poem. They want their students to see that poems mean something. Yet what usually occurs when teachers push these concerns on their high school students is that young people decide poems are unpleasant crossword puzzles.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了诗歌由过去的受人欢迎，到现在受人冷落的原因。
1．Reading poems is thought to be a social act in the nineteenth century because ________．(　　)
A．it built a link among people
B．it helped unite a community
C．it was a source of self-education
D．it was a source of pleasure
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句可知在19世纪读诗是一种社交行为，人们读诗写诗和朋友以及亲戚分享，读诗在人们之间建立了一种联系。
2．The underlined word “diversion” most probably means ________．(　　)
A．concentration B．change
C．amusements D．stories
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，在十九世纪，没有电视机、电影院和宽带网，然而诗歌是快乐的源泉，因此可以推断电视机、电影院和宽带网提供的是娱乐。故选C。
3．According to the passage, what is the main cause of the great gap between readers and poetry？(　　)
A.Students are becoming less interested in poetry.
B.Students are poorly educated in high school.
C．TV and the Internet are more attractive than poetry.
D．Poems have become difficult to understand.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night and that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.”可知，读者与诗歌之间产生了鸿沟，主要是因为诗歌很难读懂。故选D。
B
Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Quan Tangshi edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of about 48, 900 poems that were written by over 2，200 poets. But it doesn't cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
In the Tang Dynasty scholars (学者) had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems; women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, like Japan and Vietnam.
Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It's a miracle (奇迹) in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited (继承) Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, and was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasn't the only spiritual wealth created by people of the Tang Dynasty. Philosophy, handwriting, painting, music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and the greatest achievement in the Tang Dynasty.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了唐诗在唐代的盛行，其影响力以及对世界文化的贡献。
4．It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ________.(　　)
A.there were more than 48，900 poems written in the Tang Dynasty
B．in total there were four famous poets in the Tang Dynasty
C.only people of the Tang Dynasty createdpoems
D.in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段可知，《全唐诗》中收录了约48 900首诗，但它并没有包括唐朝所有的诗歌，所以在唐朝有超过48 900首诗被创作。故选A。
5．The underlined word “adjacent” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________．(　　)
A．neighboring B．strong
C．poor D．western
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第三段最后一句中的“like Japan and Vietnam”以及常识可知，日本和越南都是中国的邻国，adjacent意为“邻近的”。故选A。
6．What does the author really want to tell us in Paragraph 3？(　　)
A.In the Tang Dynasty all poets were scholars.
B．In the Tang Dynasty poems were quite popular.
C．Many foreigners came to the east during the Tang Dynasty.
D．In the Tang Dynasty many poems were sung by women singers.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。由文章第三段内容可知，在唐朝学者必须是诗人，社会各个阶层的人都在读唐诗，甚至外国人也受到了唐诗的影响。所以，本段主要说明诗歌在唐朝是非常流行的。故选B。
7．What can we know from Paragraph 4？(　　)
A．The reasons for the poets to create poems in the Tang Dynasty.
B．Tang poetry, the greatest spiritual wealth in ancient China.
C.The significance and influence of Tang poetry.
D.The editors of Tang poetry in the Qing Dynasty.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段前两句和最后一句可知，唐诗是中国古代文学史上最辉煌的一页，是人类文化史上的一个奇迹。唐诗是皇冠上的宝石，也是唐朝最伟大的成就。由此可推知，最后一段告诉我们唐诗的意义和影响。故选C。
C
“The failure to play is now a serious issue and it calls for action for change，” says Sir Ken Robinson, a leading expert in education, creativity and human development. This is the driving force behind Outdoor Classroom Day—a global teacher-led campaign, supported by Dirt is Good, a company producing daily chemical products.
Outdoor Classroom Day, taking place on 17th May and 1st November, will see schools around the world swap the inside for the outside and take learning into the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day.This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums, or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity.By now, Outdoor Classroom Day has grown from a grassroots movement to a global campaign that is expected to benefit five million children and over 40，000 schools from all around the world.
This is helping to change the trend that sees many schools selling up or building on their playgrounds and cutting back on playtime to make more room for academic studies, while at home children's lives are increasingly filled with organized activities intended to help them learn. Today globally 61% of parents surveyed in the Dirt is Good Qualitative Study said that children don't know how to play without using technology.
Outdoor Classroom Day is making play time happen, with 22% of participating schools having increased their playtime since joining the campaign. 93% of teachers surveyed saw improvements in children's creativity after playing outside, and 97% believe that time outdoors is necessary for children to reach their full potential.
Scientific studies show that real play—the active, physical, self-directed play—is essential for children to develop key life skills that are not taught elsewhere. Few would question the value of developing creativity, leadership, resourcefulness, and curiosity.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项名为“户外课堂日”的活动，这项活动旨在通过增加孩子的游戏时间，来提高孩子的创造力，充分发挥他们的潜力。
8．What do children do on Outdoor Classroom Day？(　　)
A．Have P．E. classes on the playgrounds.
B．Have a day off and go playing somewhere.
C．Learn and play by using natural things outside.
D．Play on their own without the teachers' guidance.
答案：C
解析：根据第二段中“Outdoor Classroom Day，taking place on 17th May and 1st November, will see schools around the world swap the inside for the outside and take learning into the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day. This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums, or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity.(5月17日和11月1日举行的‘户外课堂日’，将看到世界各地的学校从教室里面换到教室外面，把学习带到操场和其他地方，使游戏时间成为学校一天的重要组成部分。这可能包括使用石头等自然物体来做算术，或者进行昆虫狩猎来激发好奇心。)”可知，在“户外课堂日”，孩子们利用户外的自然事物学习和玩耍。
9．Why do children spend less time outdoors？(　　)
A．Schools stop providing playgrounds.
B．Adults ignore the importance of playtime.
C．Parents prefer to teach their children at home.
D.Technology helps children learn better at home.
答案：B
解析：根据第三段中“This is helping to change the trend that sees many schools selling up or building on their playgrounds and cutting back on playtime to make more room for academic studies, while at home children's lives are increasingly filled with organized activities intended to help them learn.(这有助于改变一种趋势，这种趋势见证了许多学校变卖操场或在操场上建房子，减少游戏时间，为学业腾出更多空间，而在家里，孩子们的生活越来越多地被旨在帮助他们学习的有组织的活动所占据。)”可知，家长认为学习比玩耍重要，会给孩子安排更多的旨在帮助他们学习的活动。由此可知，孩子们在户外的时间更少了，一个原因是成年人忽视了游戏时间的重要性。
10．What's the school teachers' attitude towards the campaign？(　　)
A．Opposed. B．Cold.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Favourable.
答案：D
解析：根据倒数第二段中“93% of teachers surveyed saw improvements in children's creativity after playing outside, and 97% believe that time outdoors is necessary for children to reach their full potential.(93%接受调查的教师认为，孩子们在户外玩耍后创造力有所提高，97%的教师认为，户外时间对孩子们充分发挥潜能是必要的。)”可知，学校老师对这项活动的态度是支持的。
11．What's the passage mainly about？(　　)
A．To introduce an activity.
B．To advertise a product.
C．To entertain the public.
D．To persuade students to play.
答案：A
解析：通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了一项名为“户外课堂日”的活动，这项活动旨在通过增加孩子的游戏时间，来提高孩子的创造力，充分发挥他们的潜力。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Do you still remember your favorite poem from high school or some other important periods in your life Why is it that decades later it still stands out in your mind 1(____) In the same way, you too as a school leader can touch the hearts of your staff and students.
2(____) Thus, it can inspire whatever and whomever it touches. The power that poetry has displayed over time and across cultures actually satisfies this common need of the human heart and soul.
As one of the oldest art forms, poetry has successfully connected various strands of humanity (人性) from one generation to another. Referring to poetry, Hillyer makes a simple yet meaningful statement, “3(____)”
School leaders can find and make use of the value of poetry for themselves，their students and their staff members. Beyond the simple use of poetry, techniques of poetry such as metaphors, repetitions and imagery can be used to take advantage of the power of language to transform communication. 4(____)
Since schools are mainly about people and relationship, school leaders, like poets, are required to inspire and encourage the human heart. 5(____) In addition, it serves to meet the human need for inspiration.
A.With this key mankind unlocked his heart.
B．Probably the main reason is that some aspects of that poem touch your heart.
C．At the same time, they can create meaning and a culture of care and attention.
D.Students are encouraged to write poetry after they learn some poems at school.
E.Poetry can not only make us master a language well but also let us express our feelings.
F.Poetry allows us to experience strong spiritual connections to things around us and to the past.
G.The use of poetry—or even of some techniques of poetry—in school leadership helps to improve communication.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了诗的力量，作为最古老的艺术形式，诗可以满足人们心灵的需求，可以在处理人际关系方面发挥作用。
1．答案：B
解析：前面提到了why引导的问题，所以此处回答原因。故选B。
2．答案：F
解析：段首句是这一段的主题句。本段主要讲了诗歌可以激起它所触动的人和事。诗所展示的力量可以满足人类心灵和灵魂的普遍需要。由此说明，这一段的主题是诗歌可以触动我们的心灵。故选F。
3．答案：A
解析：上文提到作为最古老的艺术形式之一，诗成功地连接了一代又一代人各种各样的人性。由此可知Hillyer会提到诗把人的内心联系在一起。故选A。
4．答案：C
解析：空前面一句提到像暗喻、重复、比喻这些诗歌的技巧可以被用来利用语言的力量来改变交流。所以此处指它们还能创造意义和一种关怀和关注的文化。C项中的they指代前面一句中的“techniques of poetry”。
5．答案：G
解析：空前面一句提到，因为学校主要是关于人们和人际关系，所以，像诗人一样的学校领导被要求激发人的心灵。空处表示在学校领导中运用诗歌或者使用一些诗的技巧会改善交流。故选G。
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