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课时作业(四)　Unit 2　Section A Welcome to the unit & Reading　(分值：42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
A
Singing has always made Stephen Dunn, 64, of Melbourne, feel joyful. He occasionally sang with bands in the past. When he was diagnosed (诊断) with Parkinson's disease two years ago, he remembered that his father, who'd also had the condition, lost his ability to sing as the disease progressed.
Hoping to prevent a similar fate, Stephen joined ParkinSong last year, a local group of Parkinson's patients who meet monthly with a music therapist (治疗专家). They sing together and learn skills to help preserve their singing and speaking voices.
“The session involves vocal exercises, breathing exercises, correct posture and that sort of thing，” he says. “Our vocal cords (声带) are like any other muscle in our body. If you don't use it，you lose it.”
Helping Parkinson's patients maintain their voices is just one way that music therapy benefits people. A variety of music programmes can improve the mental or physical health of people with numerous diseases and conditions. There are no potential side effects, except, perhaps, getting a song stuck in your head.
When therapy is needed to relieve pain or maintain or restore function to the body, different options are available. Physical therapy can be effective, but repetitive exercises may be boring. Music can add an element of fun to therapy.
Music is an ideal motivator, because people have deep emotional responses to it on many levels; researchers and music therapists latch onto this to create treatments that can be as effective as, or more effective than, traditional therapies.
“Music's so multi-dimentional，” says Jeanette Tamplin, a music therapist and research fellow at the University of Melbourne who's involved with ParkinSong. “It can be very functional. Like you're getting people to walk in time to music. Or it can help them to access emotions and process grief (悲伤) and adjustment through songs.”
Doctors recommend music therapy to treat certain conditions, and researchers are working to expand the reach of treatments.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐疗法对于治疗帕金森患者的帮助。
1．What's the purpose of Stephen Dunn's joining ParkinSong？(　　)
A．To train his vocal cord.
B．To learn more singing skills.
C．To meet people with Parkinson.
D．To stop himself losing his ability to sing.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他记得他的父亲也患有这种病，随着病情的发展，他失去了唱歌的能力；根据第二段第一句可知，为了避免类似的命运，斯蒂芬去年加入了ParkinSong。综上可知，斯蒂芬加入ParkinSong是为了不让自己失去唱歌的能力。故选D。
2．What can be inferred from the passage？(　　)
A．Music motivates people to express all their feelings.
B．Music has the best effect on restoring the function of body.
C．Music therapy brings patients more fun than traditional one.
D．Music therapy helps maintain people's voice in a limited way.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句可知，物理治疗可能是有效的，但重复的练习可能是无聊的。音乐可以为治疗增加乐趣。所以音乐治疗比传统治疗要更有乐趣。故选C。
3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph？(　　)
A．ParkinSong gathers more Parkinson's patients to sing together.
B．Music therapy is used in treatments of other conditions.
C．Doctors found new therapies for Parkinson's patients.
D.The origin of music therapy in Parkinson treatment.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，医生推荐用音乐疗法来治疗某些病症，研究人员也在努力扩大音乐疗法治疗的范围。故推知，下一段可能会说到音乐疗法适用于其他的疾病。故选B。
B
Studying how people move to music is a powerful tool for researchers looking to understand how and why music affects us the way it does. Over the last few years, researchers at the Center for Interdisciplinary Music Research in Finland have used motion capture (运动捕捉) technology to learn that your dance moves say a lot about you, such as what mood you happen to be in, and even how much you understand other people's feelings. Recently, however, they discovered something amazing.
In fact, we weren't looking for this result, as we set out to study something completely different, explains Dr. Emily Carlson, the first author of the study. “Our original idea was to see if we could use machines to identify which category of music our participants were dancing to, based on their movements.”
The 73 participants in the study were motion captured dancing to eight different categories. The only instruction they received was to listen to the music and move any way they felt natural. The researchers then analyzed their movements using machine learning, trying to distinguish between the different kinds of music. Unfortunately, their computer algorithm (算法) was able to identify the correct kind less than 30% of the time. They were shocked to discover, however, that the computer could correctly identify which of the 73 individuals was dancing 94% of the time. Left to chance (that is, if the computer had simply guessed without any information to go on), the expected accuracy would be less than 2%.
“It seems as though a person's dance movements are a kind of fingerprint，” says Dr. Pasi Saari, coauthor of the study and data analyst, “Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing.” Some kinds, however, had more effect on individual dance movements than others. The computer was less accurate in identifying individuals when they were dancing to metal music.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个人的舞蹈动作就像是一种指纹，不受伴奏的音乐风格的影响。
4．What did the researchers originally intend to find？(　　)
A．What dance moves could say about people.
B.Whether computers could tell dancers' music category.
C.How dance movements reflected one's personality.
D．What effects music category had on dance moves.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Our original idea was to see if we could use machines to identify which category of music our participants were dancing to, based on their movements.”可知，研究人员最初打算看机器是否能区分舞者所跳的音乐类别。故选B。
5．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Dance movements depend on the kind of music.
B．All participants don't have their specific dance moves.
C．Computers are better at recognizing music category.
D.A person's dance style almost remains unchanged.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing.”可知每个人独特的舞蹈动作会保持不变，说明一个人的舞蹈风格几乎不变。故选D。
6．What is the purpose of the text？(　　)
A．To inform readers of the finding of a study.
B．To explain the link between dance and music.
C．To tell the differences in various music dances.
D．To show how powerful the computer is.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由其他段落中关于“舞蹈动作与音乐风格”的相关研究内容和最后一段前半部分可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：一个人的舞蹈动作是独特的，不受伴奏的音乐风格的影响。故选A。
7．Which is the text probably taken from？(　　)
A．A scientific magazine.
B．A biology textbook.
C．A book review.
D．A health newspaper.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由其他段落中关于“舞蹈动作与音乐风格”的相关研究内容和最后一段前半部分可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：一个人的舞蹈动作是独特的，不受伴奏的音乐风格的影响。属于科学研究文章，可能会出现在科学杂志。故选A。
C
Seven years ago, American Libby Green was traveling with her mom to the French Mediterranean resort city of Nice.
Meanwhile, German-born Marcel Gnauk and a friend were also in Nice, attending the Crossover Festival, a celebration of eclectic music.
Walking on the city's beachfront Promenade des Anglais, Marcel spotted Libby holding a Hasselblad, a traditional medium-format film camera, and couldn't resist approaching her. The pair chatted about this valuable object and then their travel. The next day, Libby flew back to the US, but they kept in contact.
In the early years of their relationship, sharing their travel experiences online became part of their routine. Then, when traveling in Phnom Penh, Libby filmed some pigeons taking flight that she wanted to use in a film. But she couldn't record the sound of their wing beats.
They looked on the Internet, searching sound libraries, but couldn't find anything appropriate. So, Marcel took a $100 audio recorder, and went searching for the missing sound to record. He didn't find any pigeons—but he did manage to change the direction of the couple's future.
Marcel turned the recorder on in a small construction zone where women were shoveling gravel, listening through a cheap set of headphones. He was shocked. Everything became alive, and from that day until now he had never stopped recording.
In the six years since that first recording, Libby and Marcel have captured audio in more than 25 countries. They share their experiences through Instagram. Through postings they offer not just their passion and experiences recording sounds, but also details of the equipment and techniques they use. Through their website they offer 500 royalty-free sound libraries. Of these, 145 are free to download.
Marcel says their “a-ha” moment came when he was sitting in front of a computer in 2017. Libby had added a donation button to their website, and a Hollywood post-production creative had donated a few dollars. He realized others shared a passion for sound—and were willing to pay for it. Now their passion becomes a business.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Marcel夫妇在旅游中偶然发现了声音的美好，从此他们踏上了记录声音、分享声音的道路。
8．What attracted Marcel when he saw Libby？(　　)
A．Her voice. B．Her camera.
C．Her kindness. D．Her beauty.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Walking on the city's beachfront Promenade des Anglais, Marcel spotted Libby holding a Hasselblad, a traditional medium-format film camera, and couldn't resist approaching her.”可知，最初是Libby的相机吸引了Marcel。
9．Which moment was of significance to the couple？(　　)
A．When they made a film in France.
B．When they shared travel experiences online.
C.When they searched the woods for a specific bird.
D．When they tried to record sounds of birds beating wings.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“So, Marcel took a $100 audio recorder, and went searching for the missing sound to record. He didn't find any pigeons—but he did manage to change the direction of the couple's future.”可知，当他们尝试去录制鸟拍打翅膀的声音时，他们的人生方向改变了，因此这一时刻对他们来说具有重大意义。
10．What does the author want to convey by saying “‘a-ha’ moment” in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Marcel got a surprise.
B．Marcel could do nothing but sigh.
C．Marcel couldn't say a word.
D．Marcel felt really worried.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“He realized others shared a passion for sound—and were willing to pay for it.”可知，当Marcel看到有人愿意花钱买自己录的声音时非常惊喜。
11．What is the best title for the text？(　　)
A．An Unforgettable Travel
B．A Secret to Happiness
C．A Passion for Sounds
D．A Lesson from Nature
答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Marcel夫妇偶然发现声音的魅力，然后他们周游世界记录声音并分享给人们的故事，可以推断出文章主要表达了他们对于声音的热爱。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Itzhak Perlman, the world famous violinist, got polio (小儿麻痹症) as a child. __1__， you know that getting on stage is not easy for him.
On November 18, 1995, he came on stage to give a __2__ at Lincoln Centre in New York City. That night Perlman walked __3__ to his chair. Then he sat down and began to play. But suddenly, one of the strings on his violin broke. You could hear it break with a loud __4__.
People thought to themselves, “He would have to get up to either __5__ another violin or another string for this one.” But he didn't. __6__， he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. The orchestra (管弦乐队) began, and he played from where he had __7__. He played with such passion and such power. Of course, everyone knew that it was __8__ to play a symphonic work with just three strings. But that night Itzhak Perlman __9__ to know that. You could see him changing and recomposing the piece in his head.
When he finished, there was a __10__ in the room. Then people rose and cheered. They were all __11__， doing everything they could to show how much they __12__ what he had done. He smiled and then he said in a quiet tone, “You know, sometimes it is the artist's task to __13__ how much music you can make with what you have left.”
His words have __14__ in my mind ever since I heard them. That is also the way of life. Perhaps our __15__ in this quickly changing world in which we live is to make music, at first with all that we have, and then, when that is no longer possible, to make music with what we have left.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。著名小提琴家伊扎克·帕尔曼幼时患小儿麻痹症，落下残疾。一次他演奏时，一根琴弦意外断了。然而，他利用仅剩的三根弦完成了演奏。他认为，艺术家应该学会用手头仅有的东西创作音乐。
1．(　　)A.At first B．As a result
C．In other words D．In fact
答案：B
解析：At first首先，起初；As a result结果，因此；In other words换句话说；In fact事实上。上文提到帕尔曼小时罹患小儿麻痹症，由此导致他行动不便。上下文为因果关系。故选B。
2．(　　)A.concert B．speech
C．lecture D．presentation
答案：A
解析：concert音乐会；speech演讲；lecture讲座；presentation展示，描述。根据本段第三句“Then he sat down and began to play.”和“the strings on his violin”可知，帕尔曼此行是去开音乐会的。故选A。
3．(　　)A.quietly B．slowly
C．quickly D．smoothly
答案：B
解析：句意：那天晚上，帕尔曼慢慢地走向他的椅子。上文提到幼时的小儿麻痹症导致帕尔曼行动不便，因此他只能“慢慢地”走到舞台的座位上。故选B。
4．(　　)A.scream B．voice
C．noise D．shout
答案：C
解析：scream尖叫；voice嗓音；noise响声，噪音；shout呼喊，喊叫。句意：你可以听到它断裂的巨响。上文提到一根琴弦突然断了，根据常识，弦断的声音用noise。故选C。
5．(　　)A.find B．buy
C．replace D．deliver
答案：A
解析：句意：人们心想，他不得不起身去找另一把小提琴或者另一根弦。帕尔曼的琴弦断了，台下的观众们心想他会起身去找根弦或换琴。B和D均不符合语境，C与宾语“another violin or another string”不搭配。故选A。
6．(　　)A.Moreover B．Fortunately
C．Therefore D．Instead
答案：D
解析：Moreover此外，而且；Fortunately幸运地；Therefore因此，所以；Instead相反，反而。根据前句“But he didn't.”可知帕尔曼出乎观众的意料并没有更换琴或弦，而是继续演奏。此处用Instead表示转折。故选D。
7．(　　)A.stopped B．started
C．forgotten D．continued
答案：A
解析：句意：管弦乐队开始演奏，他从暂停的地方重新开始表演。根据上文可知，琴弦断裂，演奏暂停，因此推断此处指他从刚才琴弦断了，表演暂停的地方重新开始表演。故选A。
8．(　　)A.impossible B．unique
C．likely D．unnecessary
答案：A
解析：impossible不可能的；unique独特的；likely可能的，有希望的；unnecessary不必要的。根据常识可知只用三根弦是“不可能”演奏交响乐的。故选A。
9．(　　)A.attempted B．expected
C．managed D．refused
答案：D
解析：attempted试图，尝试；expected期望，盼望；managed处理，设法；refused拒绝。句意：但那天晚上，帕尔曼拒绝知道这一点。此句中的that指的是上文中提到的“用三根弦是不可能演奏交响乐的”。下文“changing and recomposing the piece in his head”提到他在心里重新谱曲，可见他“拒绝”常规做法，创新演绎了原曲。故选D。
10．(　　)A.laughter B．discussion
C．silence D．clap
答案：C
解析：laughter笑声；discussion讨论；silence沉默，寂静；clap鼓掌。可知，观众们被帕尔曼的创新演绎深深折服，演出刚结束时全场默默地沉浸其中，意犹未尽，然后人们起立欢呼。故选C。
11．(　　)A.out of mind B．on their feet
C．at their side D．on their knees
答案：B
解析：out of mind心不在焉；on their feet站着；at their side在他们身边；on their knees跪着。上文“people rose and cheered”提到观众们起身喝彩，可推知此处观众们一直“站着”以各种方式表达对艺术家精彩演奏的“欣赏之情”。故选B。
12．(　　)A.remembered B．ignored
C．shared D．appreciated
答案：D
解析：remembered记住，记得；ignored忽视；shared分享；appreciated欣赏，感激。上文观众站起来欢呼表达他们对帕尔曼精彩表演的欣赏。故选D。
13．(　　)A.let out B．put out
C．find out D．give out
答案：C
解析：let out发出，泄露；put out熄灭，出版；find out找出，查明；give out分发，用尽。句意：你知道，有时候艺术家的任务就是去发现你能用仅有的东西创作出多少音乐。上文提到，帕尔曼用仅有的三根弦演奏乐曲，与此处形成呼应。故选C。
14．(　　)A.disappeared B．mixed
C．stayed D．changed
答案：C
解析：disappeared消失；mixed混合；stayed停留；changed变化。根据下文“in my mind ever since I heard them”可知，此处指他的话一直“停留”在我心里。故选C。
15．(　　)A.goal B．task
C．belief D．destination
答案：B
解析：goal目标；task任务；belief信念；destination目的地。句意：在这个瞬息万变的世界里，也许我们的任务就是先用我们所有的东西来创作音乐，然后，当那种条件不再可能时，就用我们剩余的东西来创作音乐。此处呼应上文“it is the artist's task to __13__ how much music you can make with what you have left”，其中task是原词复现。故选B。
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