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课时作业(六)　UNIT 8　Section A　Topic Talk　(分值：74.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．S________ is air pollution that is a mixture of smoke and fog in mid air.
答案：Smog
2．Some shark species are now in danger of e________ due to serious pollution of the ocean.
答案：extinction
3．The town is without ________ (电) and the water supply has been cut off.
答案：electricity
4．The government calls on people to get around by using public ________ (交通工具).
答案：transport
5．Unfortunately, they lost their way in the ________ (沙漠) and finally died of thirst.
答案：desert
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．The next step is ________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
答案：to make
2．Environmental pollution has become a ________ (globe) issue and we must consider it seriously.
答案：global
3．The pencils are made from ________ (recycle) paper. When you sharpen them, they turn into colorful paper shavings (碎屑).
答案：recycled
4．He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a ________ (balance) diet.
答案：balanced
5．The teacher asked me to think of a better solution ________ the problem.
答案：to
6．Rapid ________ (industry) growth makes new demands on science and technology.
答案：industrial
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
do one's part for (sth.), increase one's awareness of, live in harmony with, end with, maintain the balance between...and...
1．I wanted to ____________ shaping a better world.
答案：do my part for
2．Our English evening began with a dance and ____________ a song.
答案：ended with
3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to ____________ nature.
答案：live in harmony with
4．These children always eat junk food and dislike eating fruit and vegetables, so it is important to ____________ a healthy diet.
答案：increase their awareness of
5．For the protection of the ecological environment, it is necessary to adopt clean mining (采矿) technology so as to ____________ energy production ____________ ecology.
答案：maintain the balance between; and
Ⅳ.完成句子(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．他英语讲得好极了，好像在英国生活了很多年一样。
He speaks English perfectly __________________________________ for many years.
答案：as if/though he had lived in England
2．我认为扩大你的词汇量的最好方法是读英文小说。(way, enlarge)
I think ________________________________ is reading English novels.
答案：the best way to enlarge your vocabulary
3．学生必须学会在学习和娱乐之间取得平衡。(balance)
Students must learn to ______________________________．
答案：strike a balance between study and entertainment
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551—479 B．C.), and Socrates (469—399 B．C.) lived only a hundred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph？(　　)
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B.Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.
C.The societies were influenced by the philosophers' ideas.
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句“...and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.”可知C项正确。
2．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.(　　)
A．all men were equal when they were born
B.the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C.the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。
3．What made some people different from others according to Confucius？(　　)
A．Family.　　　　　　 B．Potential.
C．Knowledge. D．Community.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“...and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。
4．This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.(　　)
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification
答案：B
解析：篇章结构题。文章的整篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。
B
The first CCTV (closed circuit television) cameras appeared in Britain in 1953, and by the 1960s there were already a few cameras in major streets in London. Today, there are more than four million CCTV cameras across the country.
That's one camera for every fourteen people. The cameras are there to film dangerous or illegal behaviour. With new software, they can recognise the faces of known criminals, and a new kind of CCTV in the Netherlands can discover angry voices and warn the police of trouble. But these cameras don't just watch criminals; they watch all of us, almost all of the time. Every time we go into a shop, or use a cash machine, or travel on public transport, a camera records our actions.
The amount of surveillance (监视) in towns and cities across Britain is increasing. Some goods in shops now have RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags (标签) stuck on them. When you pick up one of these things, the RFID tag sends a radio message to a CCTV camera and the camera starts filming you. Shops say that this technology helps to catch shoplifters—but only by treating everybody as a possible criminal.
Cameras and tags are not the only ways of monitoring (监视) our actions. Every time you make or receive a call on your mobile phone, the phone company knows the number of the phone you are calling and how long the call lasts. It is even possible to work out your exact location.
And what about satellites (卫星) Are they watching us from space How much can they see Anybody with a computer can download Google Earth and get satellite photos of the entire world.
Even when you are at home, you are not necessarily safe from surveillance. When you use your computer to visit websites, you are probably sending and receiving cookies without realising it. Cookies move information from your computer to the website and record which websites you visit. Modern technology is making it easier and easier to stay in touch, but it is also making it nearly impossible for us to hide.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。闭路电视摄像机、手机、卫星和电脑网络等现代科技时刻都在监视着人们，这使得人们无处躲藏。
5．What are CCTV cameras mainly used to do？(　　)
A．To film street crime.
B．To warn the police of trouble.
C．To record everybody's actions.
D．To educate people on safety.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“these cameras don't just watch criminals; they watch all of us, almost all of the time.”和“Every time we...a camera records our actions.”可知，闭路电视摄像机主要用于记录每个人的行为。
6．CCTV cameras receive a message from RFID tags when ________.(　　)
A．a thing is stolen
B．the cameras start filming
C．somebody goes into the shop
D．a thing with the tag is picked up
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When you pick up one of these things, the RFID tag sends a radio message to a CCTV camera and the camera starts filming you”可知，贴有RFID标签的东西一旦被拿起，闭路电视摄像机就会接收到无线电信息。
7．According to Paragraph 5, what can satellites be called？(　　)
A．Earth helpers.
B．Stars in space.
C．Eyes in the sky.
D．Google photographers.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由上文介绍闭路电视摄像机和RFID标签的功能都是为了监控人们的行为，和本段提及卫星所说的“Are they watching us from space How much can they see？”以及“satellite photos of the entire world”可知，因为能拍到整个地球，因此卫星也可以被叫做天眼。
8．What's the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Somebody Is Watching You
B．Technology Is Changing Our Lives
C．The Camera Is Being Used Everywhere
D．The World Is Becoming a Safer Place to Live in
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章先是介绍闭路电视摄像机的功能“records our actions”，再介绍手机公司对移动电话的监控，接着又提及卫星可以拍摄全球范围内的照片和电脑网络时刻记录用户行踪，最后总结“Modern technology... making it nearly impossible for us to hide.”由此可知，现代科技使得人们无处躲藏，因为时刻都在被监视。故A项作标题符合本文主旨。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Handwriting can create or break the first impression. If your handwriting is difficult for others to read, you will sometimes feel embarrassed. 1(____). It needs lots of practice to improve your handwriting.
2(____). Try each of them out on a piece of paper by signing your name. Find out which type of pen you can write best with. You may be amazed at the change in your handwriting just by changing to another pen.
3(____). Do not just do what feels comfortable because that is just your old bad habit coming back. Try to hold the pen lightly and don't press too hard.
Use your chosen pen to write Os on some pieces of lined paper. Write until you have filled up all the lines. Be careful with each O that you write. 4(____). Practice writing Os as much as possible. Remember that practice makes perfect. You may practice for weeks or months if you need to. 5(____).
As your handwriting shows some signs of improvement, go ahead and keep on practicing by writing more words.
A．Prepare different types of pens
B．Practice holding your pen in different ways
C．However, a bad writing habit is hard to break
D．Choose a type of pen with which you write best
E.It won't help if you write a lot of careless Os on the paper
F.Two to three months' practice is enough to get good handwriting
G．After you are confident in your Os, do the same thing with your name
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好的书写的重要性和如何写好字。
1．答案：C
解析：C选项意为“然而，不好的书写习惯很难改变”，与空后的“It needs lots of practice to improve your handwriting.”存在逻辑上的衔接。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：根据后面的“Try each of... your name.”可知，此处表示要准备好不同的笔。故选A。
3．答案：B
解析：根据后面的“Try to hold the pen lightly and don't press too hard.”可知，此处表达的是要练习不同的握笔方法。故选B。
4．答案：E
解析：E选项意为“如果你很漫不经心地在纸上写很多O，这是没有帮助的”，与空前的“Be careful with each O that you write”存在逻辑上的衔接。故选E。
5．答案：G
解析：根据空前的“You may practice for weeks or months if you need to”可知，此处表示当你写O很有信心以后再练习写名字。故选G。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I was told that the movie 1.________ (make) by the famous director would be a hit. I had been longing for it.
Yesterday, I 2.________ (give) two tickets for it. I got dressed beautifully and went to the movie theatre downtown. This was my first time to be in an American movie theatre, and several things that seemed unusual to me happened. First, I was surprised that people were eating during the movie. Usually, popcorn, candy and soda water 3.________ (sell) in the theatre. Such things can hardly 4. ________ (see) in my homeland. However, they 5.________ (sell) well in the US, and young people love eating them. I don't understand why people buy food to eat during the movie. Also, before the movie was shown, a lot of people were talking. But as soon as the movie got 6. ________ (start), everyone became quiet. Another unusual thing was that at the end of the movie, nobody applauded. While the credits were 7.________ (show), people were leaving. It was also strange to me that popcorn boxes and candy wrappers 8.________ (leave) on the floor of the theatre. I was also surprised that the movie theatre was so small and narrow. I 9.________ (tell) that the theatre was big at one time. But it 10.________ (divide) into several small theatres so that several movies could be shown at the same time. It was said that more money could be made in that way.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次在美国电影院看电影的所见所闻。
1．答案：made
解析：考查非谓语动词。the movie与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填make的过去分词形式。
2．答案：was given
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。主语I与give之间是动宾关系，而且这是回忆昨天的事，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。
3．答案：are sold
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。本空在句中作谓语。主语是“popcorn，candy and soda water”，动词sell与主语之间是动宾关系，且此处表示习惯性的行为，应用一般现在时，故填are sold。
4．答案：be seen
解析：考查动词的语态。see与主语things之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。情态动词can后面跟动词原形，故填be seen。
5．答案：sell
解析：考查动词的时态。sell与副词well，badly等连用时，表示销售的情况，用主动形式表达被动意义。此处表示一般的情况，故用一般现在时。
6．答案：started
解析：考查形容词。got started在此意为“开始”。
7．答案：being shown
解析：考查动词的语态。此处表示当片尾字幕被放映时，人们就开始离开了。空处表示正在进行的被动动作，故填being shown。
8．答案：were left
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词leave与主语“popcorn boxes and candy wrappers”之间是动宾关系，且根据前面的was可知此处应用一般过去时，故填were left。
9．答案：was told
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词tell与主语I之间是动宾关系，且此处表示过去的事情，故填was told。
10．答案：was divided
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词divide与主语it之间是动宾关系，且此处表示过去的事情，故填was divided。
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