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课时作业(十)　UNIT 8　Section E　Writing Workshop， Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2　(分值：79.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．This foldable food ________ (容器) is easy to take, and you can fold it into one small piece.
答案：container
2．________ (每年), around 30，000 elephants are killed for their tusks to make a profit.
答案：Annually
3．A high p________ of the female staff are part time workers.
答案：percentage
4．The local ________ (居民) were angry at lack of parking places.
答案：residents
5．The used ________ (塑料制的) bags can be used to contain our family rubbish.
答案：plastic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．There are clear ________ (indicate) that the economy is improving.
答案：indications
2．As an environmentalist, she always brings her own chopsticks instead of using the ________ (dispose) ones.
答案：disposable
3．The ________ (major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
答案：majority
4．He had a very bad attitude ________ work, which resulted in him losing the job.
答案：to/towards
5．The college is not an ________ (official) recognized English language school.
答案：officially
Ⅲ.选词填空(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
take part in, cut back on, to sum up, end up, dispose of, set a great example for, a wide range of
1．There is ____________ career opportunities open to young people.
答案：a wide range of
2．____________ voluntary activities can develop our communicative ability.
答案：Taking part in
3．____________， it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
答案：To sum up
4．By cleaning up your garbage before you leave the theatre, you can ____________ your kids.
答案：set a great example for
5．He was so diligent that he ____________ as a fresher in Tsinghua University three years later.
答案：ended up
6．Many of these infections are avoidable if the syringes (注射器) have been ____________ safely.
答案：disposed of
7．Meanwhile, the best advice may come from doctors who are advising patients to ____________ salt voluntarily.
答案：cut back on
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我们没有想到徒步旅行是如此艰难。(occur)
______________________________ hiking was such a hardship.
答案：It didn't occur to us that
2．在过去的几十年里，生活变得更加舒适和方便。
Life ______________________________ and convenient in the past few decades.
答案：has become more comfortable
3．该是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。
It's high time for us ________________________________．
答案：to take action to protect our environment
4．是谁想出这个营销活动的主意的？
Who ________________________ the idea of this marketing campaign
答案：came up with
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球语言多样性的发展变化以及现在所面临的危机。
1．What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times？(　　)
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。
根据第一段第二句“When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.”可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D项错误；根据第一段的内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。
2．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2？(　　)
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。此题可从画线词后面的举例“such as English，Spanish and Chinese”着手，英语、西班牙语和汉语都是目前世界上几大语言之一，这几门语言的影响力是很大的；由此猜测，dominant与选项中的powerful最为接近。complex“复杂的”；advanced“高级的，先进的”；powerful“有影响力的”；modern“现代的”。故选C。
3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？(　　)
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.”可知，选B。
4．What is the main idea of the text？(　　)
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。
B
Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.
Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.
Situated in the central Asia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.
The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7，585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year.
The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10，400 square kilometres and 3，436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.
Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。近年来中国遭受严重的风沙袭击，而中国也被认为是风沙的来源之一，经过努力中国在治沙方面取得显著的效果。
5．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4？(　　)
A．Going down. B．Going up.
C．Coming from. D．Taking up.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，故选A项。
6．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from？(　　)
A．The northwestern Chinese regions.
B．The northern Chinese regions.
C．The western part of China.
D．Foreign countries.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段提到“Most of the sandstorms that...control said on Monday.”去年袭击中国的沙尘暴来自外国，故选D项。
7．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia？(　　)
A．Mongolia. B．Africa.
C．China. D．Australia.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms...sand source to northeast Asia.”可知中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。
8．What can we infer from this passage？(　　)
A.The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.
B.China has made achievements in its own desertification control.
C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.
D.Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段提到“The land suffering from...falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year.”遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方公里，沙地的区域一年减少了1 284平方公里，故可知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Successful students are highly motivated (激励) by an inner drive to study well. They have a specific career goal in mind. 1(____) So they form their own good study habits, plan ahead and stick to their study timetables on their own initiative.
If you want to be a successful student, motivate yourself and know that it is only you who are responsible for your study. There are some useful ways to improve your motivation.
1．You should write down your learning goals, which makes them become clear.
2．Imagine your success. Experience the feeling of reaching your particular goal.
3．2(____)
4．Seek advice and learn from the good students in your class.
Successful students tend to study hard. They pay attention to class as well as taking notes. 3(____) Outside class they find a quiet place to study, because they know that academic life comes before their social life.
Set your goals. After setting goals it is important to write them down for many reasons.
1．Goals that aren't written are only wishes.
2．It helps you make a commitment to yourself.
3．4(____)
4．No one wants to regret not doing something they could have done.
Successful students manage their time well by setting up weekly timetables. They make the best use of their study time and find a quiet place to study every day. 5(____) Most of the suggestions mentioned above can improve your motivation.
A．Give yourself rewards. Each time you complete a lesson, do something special for yourself.
B.It gives you a way to see your progress.
C．They make study time productive and not necessarily long.
D．You will be proud of yourself when you achieve success.
E．They know that they are responsible for their success or failure.
F．When you set your goals, make sure that your goals are specific and realistic.
G．They arrive at the classroom early and sit in the front.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了成功的学生是如何提升学习动力并有效管理时间的。
1．答案：E
解析：根据空前“在他们心中都有具体的职业目标”，再结合空后“因此他们形成了良好的学习习惯”可知，过渡句是E项，即他们知道成败在于自己。故选E。
2．答案：A
解析：此空属于提升自己学习动力的方法之一，A项表示奖励一下自己，即每次完成一课后，为自己做一些特别的事情。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：这里说到成功的学生在校的学习方法，认真听讲，仔细记笔记，因此G项与语境相符，早到学校，坐在前排。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：写下设定的目标有很多理由，B项表示它能让你看到自己的进步，属于理由中的一条。故选B。
5．答案：C
解析：找一个安静的环境，每天在那里学习，这样学习会事半功倍，因此C项内容符合语境。故选C。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
If you think you can't do something, then you can't do it 1.________ (real).
It's that simple. And it is the saddest truth in the process of being 2.________ (success). There are a variety of 3.________ (hardship) you will face in your journey to wherever you are going, and there is no way of 4.________ (avoid) them, which is a natural part in the process. However, the biggest challenge you will likely face is 5.________ (you). You can accomplish almost anything you can dream of 6.________ motivation. But you will not accomplish even your most ordinary goals if you say you can't. You will never know how hard or how easy something really is if you never give it 7.________ chance. In turn, any chance is bound to 8.________ (destroy) by a “can't”. You might not even be aware that you are your own worst enemy, and how much you are limiting yourself simply by saying that you “can't” do and how much you can turn them into 9.________ you can do.
Always remember 10.________ (think) that you can do it.
【语篇解读】　本文告诉我们：如果你认为你不能做某事，那么你就真的不能做这件事。永远记住，你可以做到。
1．答案：really
解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，故答案为really。
2．答案：successful
解析：考查形容词。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故答案为successful。
3．答案：hardships
解析：考查名词的数。此处表示在旅途中你将遇到各种各样的磨难。由此可知此处用名词的复数形式，故答案为hardships。
4．答案：avoiding
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示没有办法避免它们。介词of后用动名词作介词的宾语，故答案为avoiding。
5．答案：yourself
解析：考查代词。句意：然而，你可能面对的最大挑战就是你自己。根据句意可知答案为yourself。
6．答案：with/by
解析：考查介词。句意：你可以通过动力实现几乎所有的梦想。根据句意可知答案为with/by。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：如果你从不给它一个机会，你永远也不会知道它到底有多困难或多容易。根据句意可知答案为a。
8．答案：be destroyed
解析：考查动词的语态。句意：反过来，任何机会都注定要被“不能”摧毁。be bound to do sth.“肯定会做某事”，故此处用动词原形；根据句中“by a‘can't’”及句意可知此处指机会被摧毁，应用被动语态。故答案为be destroyed。
9．答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示把它们变成你能做的。此处是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和宾语，故答案为what。
10．答案：to think
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：永远记住，你可以做到。remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事”。根据句意可知答案为to think。
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