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(共152张PPT)
Section B　Lesson 1　Roots and Shoots
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 树根
vi.& vt. (使)生根
2．____________ n. 砖，砖块
3．____________ n. 加仑
4．____________ n. 机构；研究院
5．____________ vi.&vt. (狗)摇(尾巴)
6．____________ n. 芽，苗；嫩枝 vt. 射中，射击
root　
brick　
gallon　
institute　
wag　
shoot
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→________ adj.担心的；烦恼的
2．firm adj.实的；稳固的→________ adv.坚定地；坚固地
3．found vt.创建，创办；成立；建立→________ n．基础；地基
4．involve vt.参与；包含→__________ n．卷入，参考
5．establish vt.建立，设立，确立，使得到承认→___________ n．设立；制定
bothered　
firmly　
foundation　
involvement
establishment
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．can't be bothered to do sth.________________
2．suffer from ________________
3．so what ________________
4．make a difference ____________________
5．say to oneself ________________
6．be committed to ________________
7．live in peace with ________________
懒得做某事
因……而遭受痛苦
那又怎样
有影响，有差别，有作用
自言自语
献身于，致力于
与……和平共处
8．make a firm foundation ________________
9．break open brick walls ________________
10．all around the world ________________
11．a part of... ________________
12．make contributions/a contribution to ________________
13．have negative effects/a negative effect on________________
14．in fact＝as a matter of fact＝in reality ________________
15．encourage sb. to do sth. ________________
形成坚实的基础
冲破砖墙的阻挡
全世界
……的一部分
对……做出贡献
对……产生负面影响
事实上，实际上
鼓励某人做某事
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 数百万的
2．________________ 采取行动
3．________________ 成立；设立；建立；搭建
4．____________________ 世界上在……(研究领域)最著名的专家
5．________________ 除……外(还)
millions of
take action
set up
the world's best known expert on...
in addition to
6．________________ 成千上万的
7．________________ 摇尾巴
8．________________ 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
9．______________________ 让世界变得更美好
10．________________ 植根于……
11．________________ 加入，参加
hundreds and thousands of
wag one's tail
play a role in
make the world a better place
be rooted in
join in
12．________________ 大量的……(＋复数谓语)
________________ ……的数量(＋单数谓语)
13．____________________ 关心
14．________________ 处理，应付
15．________________ 有时间做某事
a number of...
the number of...
become/be concerned about
deal with
have time for sth.
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Why does the author mention “Just me ism” in Paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of each individual.
B．To reveal the damage humans do to the world.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To inform us of some awful facts.
A
2．For what purpose was Roots & Shoots founded
A．To teach people how to be a person with a green thumb.
B．To educate young people to take action for the environment.
C．To promote the study of chimpanzees.
D．To help educate young people to have a bright future.
B
3．Who does Roots & Shoots represent
A．Researchers at the institute.
B．Ordinary people living in peace with nature.
C．Children in primary schools.
D．Young people around the world.
D
4．What does Roots & Shoots emphasise
A．The importance of each individual.
B．The importance of wildlife protection.
C．The education of the next generation.
D．The urgency of environmental protection.
A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Most people suffer 1.________ what is known as “Just me ism”. Actually, it is 2.________ (harm) to the world. 3.________ (inspire) young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 4.______________ (establish). The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 5.________ (slow) under the ground to make a firm 6.________ (found), and shoots can break open brick walls 7.________ (reach) the light.
from
harmful　
To inspire
was established
slowly
foundation
to reach
The value and importance of each individual is 8.________ Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr. Jane Goodall thinks each individual has a role 9.________ (play) and every individual makes 10.________ difference.
what
to play
a
[词汇注释]
①suffer from因……而遭受痛苦
②leave a light on不关灯
③so what那又怎样
※用来暗指之前的话不重要、无趣或与己无关
④make a difference有影响，有差别，有作用
※make a big difference to对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to对……没有影响/作用
⑤say to oneself自言自语
⑥millions of数百万的
⑦gallon/'g l n/n.加仑
※液量容积单位(1加仑，合英制4.55升，合美制3.79升)
⑧take action采取行动
⑨institute/' nst tju t/
n．机构；研究院
⑩set up成立；设立；建立；搭建
※set up an institute
成立一个机构
an expert on...……研究领域的专家
chimpanzee/ t mp n'zi /n．黑猩猩
in addition to除……外(还)
※in addition此外(独立使用，常作状语)
be committed to献身于，致力于
live in peace with
与……和平共处
※live in harmony with
与……和谐相处
firm/f m/adj.实的；稳固的
foundation/fa n'de n/n.基础；地基
brick/br k/n.砖，砖块
all around the world全世界
※throughout the world全世界
hundreds and thousands of成千上万的
wag/w g/vi. & vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
※wag one's tail摇尾巴
matter vi.重要，要紧
play a role (in)
(在……中)扮演角色；(在……中)起作用
(be) rooted in植根于
a part of……的一部分
involve/ n'v lv/vt.
参与；包含
※involve doing sth.
包含做某事
[教材原文]
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from① what is known as “Just me ism”. What is that Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on② when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what③？ “What difference can it possibly make④？” you say to yourself.
“There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will know.” Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world．【1】 But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves⑤： “It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of⑥ gallons⑦ of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
【1】It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没关系。表示在某种条件下，不会产生多大影响。
To inspire young people to take action⑧ for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established. This institute⑨ was set up⑩ in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best known expert on wild chimpanzees . In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation ， and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world . Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant 【2】 One cheered up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters . Every individual has a role to play . Every individual makes a difference.”
You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future You cannot be absent.
【2】三个when引导并列的时间状语从句。当多个相同的句子成分并列时，必须用and把最后一个和前面的连接起来；三个when引导的时间状语从句又构成了排比句，用排比来抒情，节奏和谐，显得感情、气势更为强烈。
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. 【3】
—Jane Goodall
【3】强调句，强调了方式状语by acting together, in this exciting way, what引导表语从句。
[汉语译文]
根(root)与芽(shoot)
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个( Just me ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头、一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
但试想要是数百万人都对自己说： “没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动(take action)起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots & Shoots)诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她一直全身心地投入环境保护事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。
这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物，还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与(involve)其中，这将改变世界。
——珍·古道尔
第一版块|核心单词
1)bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦　n．麻烦；令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人))
(教材原句)Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
bother about 烦恼
bother sb. with sth. 拿某事烦扰某人
bother to do sth./doing sth. 费心做某事(常用于否定句和疑问句)
bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
can't be bothered about 对……无所谓
can't be bothered to do sth. 懒得做某事
We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering us.
我们正在捉弄那个总是烦我们的人。
There is nothing the matter. I wish you wouldn't bother about me.不要紧，希望你别为我操心。
I am sorry. I have bothered you with so many questions.
真抱歉，我用这么多的问题打扰了你。
Lots of people don't bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.如今，很多人不费心举办婚礼了。
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里，我便坐立不安。
I am afraid it was a bother for you to do this.
做这件事恐怕太麻烦你了。
We had a lot of bother finding our way to his house.
我们费了很大劲才找到去他家的路。(bother作“麻烦、困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物、讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。)
[句式]　It bothers sb. to do sth./that...
做某事/……让某人心烦。
Why bother？何必那么麻烦？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't bother ________ such matters.
②It upset him that nobody had bothered ________ (tell) him about it.
③The sauce is thick and rich so don't bother ________ (try) to diet.
④I can't be bothered ________ travelling by train.
⑤He never even ________ (bother) to acknowledge her presence.
⑥I experienced years of loneliness as a child. My older brother couldn't ________ (bother) to play with me.
⑦You'd better not bother me ________ these little things because I'm busy.
about　
to tell
trying/to try
about
bothered
be bothered
with
完成句子
⑧___________ (何必那么麻烦)？We can stay at home and watch films online.
⑨I'm in a bad mood and____________________ (懒得去) the party.
Why bother
can't be bothered to go to
2)firm adj.实的；稳固的；严格的　n．公司；商行)
(教材原句)The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation...这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础……
a firm bed 结实的床
a firm base 稳固的底座
a firm date/decision 确定的日期/明确的决定
a firm hold/grasp 紧紧抓住，牢牢握住
take a firm stand/line 采取坚定立场
a law firm 一家律师事务所
The handshake was firm and cool.那次握手有力而冷静。
He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river.他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。
I knew he worked for a security firm.
我知道他为一家保安公司工作。
[拓展]
firmly adv.牢牢地；坚定地
The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.
前门被锁，所有的窗户都牢牢地关着。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Several new ________ (firm) have now entered the market.
②He ________ (firm) believes that education can change everything.
完成句子
③Parents ______________ (对……一定要严格) their children.
④Diana and Laura ________________ (一直是坚定的朋友)since then.
firms
firmly
must be firm with
have been firm friends
3)involve vt.参与；包含；牵涉；使卷入)
(教材原句)It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。
involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事
involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
A letter of credit will involve unnecessary extra charges.
信用证将包含不必要的额外开支。
Running a kitchen involves lots of discipline and speed.
管理厨房需要讲究纪律和速度。
The test will involve answering some questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved.
村里的社交生活很好，我希望能再有机会更多地参与其中。
The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.
那个记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。
[拓展]
involvement n．卷入；牵连；参与
He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair.他直言不讳地说了他与该事件有牵连。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①For a long time Gabriel didn't want to ________ (involve) in music at all.
②We'll make our decision and contact the people ________ (involve).
③An example at hand is the ________ (involve) of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.
④No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved ________ various activities on Earth Day.
be involved
involved
involvement
in
⑤The job involves ________ (travel) abroad for three months each year.
⑥Don't involve other people ________ your trouble.
完成句子
⑦I________________________ (似乎已经将自己卷入了) something I don't understand.
travelling
in
seem to have involved myself in
4)root n．树根；根源，起因　v．(使)生根；起源于；根除；使固定　vi.生根)
tree roots 树根
at the root of... 从根本上
the root of the matter/problem 事情/问题的根源
put down roots 生根；定居
have one's roots in 起源于……
be/lie at the root of 是……的根本原因
the root of all evil 万恶之源
be rooted in 起源于；植根于
root up weeds 根除杂草
We dug up the root of the tree.我们挖起了这棵树的根。
We rooted up weeds.我们已将杂草根除。
Brain was rooted to the spot by fear.
布雷恩吓得动弹不得。
The plant roots quickly.这种植物生根很快。
[语境助记]
His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences.
他的问题深深地根源于他儿时的经历。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We need to get to the root ________ the problem.
②What lies ________ the root ________ the problem is their lack of interest.
③This tradition is also firmly rooted ________ the past.
④His fears of loneliness lay ________ the very root ________ his inability to leave.
⑤It is a moral question ________ root.
of
at
of
in
at
of　
at
5)shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝　vt.射中；射击　shot n．射击；枪声(不规则动词：shot, shot, shooting))
green shoots 绿色的嫩芽
bamboo shoots 竹笋
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot a gun 开枪＝fire a gun
shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
shoot a glance at sb. 看某人一眼
shoot sb. in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/背部/腿部
shoot out buds 发芽
shoot across (光)闪过，掠过
shoot at the target 向目标射击
take a shot at(＝shoot at) 朝……开枪(不一定打中)
With the warmth of spring, the ice has melted and the green shoots have made their way up toward the sun.
春天的温暖让冰融化，绿色的嫩芽便朝着阳光生长开来。
She shot herself.她举枪自杀了。
The trees are shooting out buds.树木发芽了。
The police shot the kidnapper.警察击毙绑匪。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Then Jeff noticed steam ________ (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
②Two guys walked in and started shooting ________ people.
③The police shot ________ the escapees and one of them was ________ (shoot) dead.
④She ________ (shoot) ________ envious glance ________ me.
shooting
at　
at
shot　
shot
an
at　
⑤The soldier was ________ (shoot) ________ the head and was sent to the hospital in a hurry.
⑥When I was trying to tie my shoelaces, I suddenly felt a terrible pain shoot ________ my back.
shot
in
across
第二版块|重要短语
1)suffer from因……而遭受痛苦)
(教材原句)Most people suffer from what is known as“Just me ism”．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Just me ism)”问题。
For example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases.
例如，经常锻炼的人患许多疾病的概率较低。
[注意]　suffer直接接宾语，表示“遭受”；suffer接from再接宾语，表示“因……而遭受痛苦”，from表原因。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even though he suffered ________ a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
②We are concerned about the people ________ (suffer) from the flood.
③People settling in this area suffer ________ a number of problems.
完成句子
④If a neighbour _____________ (生病)，offer to do the grocery shopping.
from　
suffering　
from　
suffers an illness
2)take action采取行动)
(教材原句)To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
take (positive) action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取(积极的)行动/措施做某事
immediate action 立刻行动
urgent action 紧急行动
in action 在运转；在活动中
bring...into action 使……生效
into action 实行；实施
out of action 不能工作；停止运转；失去作用
We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.我们采取行动之前需要更多时间观察情况如何发展。
My assistant will now show the machine in action.
我的助手现在将演示机器的运行情况。
The rules will be brought into action tomorrow.
章程从明天开始生效。
They were trapped when the lift went out of action.
电梯出现故障时，他们被困住了。
[语境助记]　
They decided against taking legal action．
他们决定不提起诉讼。
We have to take action to stop them.
我们得采取行动来制止他们。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is a very good footballer. You ought to see him ________ action.
②Gill's last school report shocked her parents ________ action.
③It's time to get rid of these bad habits and take action—________ (protect) the environment.
④He's been ________ of action for 16 months with a serious knee injury.
⑤The ________ (act) of picking the baby up had made her back ache.
完成句子
⑥On arriving at the destination, the soldiers ________________ (行动起来去搜寻) survivors.
in　
into　
to protect
out　
action
took action to search for
3)be committed to致力于；献身于)
(教材原句)In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection.
除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事
make a commitment (to do sth.) 承诺(做某事)
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他没有做任何承诺。
Some people commit crimes out of ignorance.
有些人出于无知而犯罪。
If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.他们正在找一个对这份工作真正有责任感的人。
[拓展]　
commit vt.承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间)　vi.全身心投入；忠于
commitment n．承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This government is committed ________ extending parental choice in education.
②I was impressed by the energy and ________ (commit) shown by the players.
③Both sides committed themselves to ________ (settle) the dispute peacefully.
④The minister ________ (commit) to promoting the development and use of public transportation.
to　
commitment　
settling　
is committed
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (承诺) to pay the rent on time.
⑥He ____________________ (致力于) the cause of modernising the country's industry.
made a commitment
is committed to
4)make a difference有影响，有关系，有作用)
(教材原句)Every individual makes a difference.
每一个个体都能有所作为。
make a big difference to 对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to 对……没有影响/没有作用
make some difference to 对……有些影响/关系/作用
It makes no difference to sb. whether...or not...
是否……对某人没有影响。
Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会有影响。
Some of the simplest things can make the biggest difference.
一些最简单的事情能有最大的影响。
Flowers make no difference to this room.
花在这个房间里不起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he comes or not.
他是否来对我来说没什么影响。
[拓展]　
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
tell the difference between A and B
区分A和B
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If we combine our efforts, we can make ________ difference.
②This convention makes no difference ________ the results.
③________ makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow.
④It makes no difference to him ________ he enters university or not.
完成句子
⑤Whatever she says will not ________________ (对……有任何影响) our arrangements.
a　
to　
It　
whether　
make any difference to
5)make a contribution to对……做出贡献)
(教材原句)What contribution does Roots & Shoots make to society？“根与芽”对社会有什么贡献？
contribute money to the flood stricken area 向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 向杂志社投稿
Who made a great contribution to the civil rights movement in the US？谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大的贡献？
[拓展]　
contribute...to...为……贡献/捐献……
contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；(＝lead to＝result in)有助于；导致
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Only in this way can we make a great ________ (contribute) to our family and our society.
②3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
③We should make a contribution ________ keeping our school clean and tidy.
④No doubt the theatre has contributed ________ the area's development and economic growth.
contribution
to　
to　
to
第三版块|典型句式
1)不定式(短语)作表语)
(教材原句)The whole purpose of...is to educate young people...……的目的是教育年轻人……
不定式、动名词都可作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
The purpose of this project is to raise money to help poor children.这个项目的目的是筹钱帮助贫穷的孩子。
His favourite sport is swimming.
他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)
Your task today is to wash the curtains.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)
[注意]　当不定式作表语时，如果它前面有do, does, did，可以省略不定式符号to，也可以保留。如：
What I want to do now is (to) have a sleep.
我现在想做的就是睡一觉。
The only we can do is (to) wait for help.
我们现在唯一能做的就是等待救援。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My duty today is ________ (watch) over the dog.
②What he likes to do best on weekends is ________ (listen) to some light music.
③To see is ________ (believe).
④My work is ___________________ (look after) the children.
to watch
to listen
to believe
looking after/to look after
2)it作形式宾语)
(教材原句)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots...and make it a better place to live in.
成千上万的根和芽……使其更加宜居。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她觉得养家糊口是她的责任。
I found it important to learn spoken English.
我发现学习英语口语很重要。
I did consider it no use reporting the incident.
我确实认为报道这件事没有用。
I think it necessary that you study hard.
我认为你努力学习是必要的。
[拓展]　
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋不定式
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋动名词
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋从句
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has made it a rule ________ (get) up early.
②I find ________ really helpful to speak English loudly every day.
③I want to make it clear ________ I didn't steal his pen.
④New technologies have made ________ easier to enjoy life than ever before.
⑤I think it no use ________ (argue) with him.
to get
it
that　
it　
arguing
3)So what？那又怎么样？(认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时))
(教材原句)You know that all those things are wrong, but so what？你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？
—He has admitted his mistake！他已经承认了错误！
—So what？那又怎样？
What/How about advertising in the local newspaper
在当地的报纸上刊登广告怎么样？
—Can I have two days off next week 下周我可以请两天假吗？
—What for？为什么？
What if it rained all through those months
如果那几个月一直下雨会怎么样呢？
—I think you owe me some money.我想你还欠我一些钱。
—How come？怎么会呢？
[拓展]　
①What/How about...？……怎么样？
(用于提出建议或引出话题)
②What for？为什么？
③What if...？＝What would happen if...？如果……会怎么样呢？
④How come？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶)
[即学即练]　选词填空：so what/what for/what if/how come
①________ she doesn't win the contest again
②—They don't say a single word to each other.
—________？
③—I skipped school today.
—________？ What's so special about that
④—Can I have a day off tomorrow
—________？
What if
How come
So what
What for
完成句子
⑤I know why he was late, __________ (但那又怎么样)
⑥____________ (要是下雨怎么办) All the windows are open.
but so what
What if it rains
4)虚拟条件句)
(教材原句)What would happen if everybody did the same things
如果每个人都做同样的事情会发生什么？
[句式分析]　本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
条件句谓语形式：过去式(be通常用were)
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If I didn't apologize, I would feel guilty.
如果我不道歉，我会感到内疚。
If the weather were fine, we would go outing.
如果天气好的话，我们就去郊游了。(事实上天气不好)
If I'd left earlier, I'd have been on time.要是我早点儿动身，我就准时到了。(事实是“我”动身太迟了)
[拓展]　
·与过去事实相反
条件句谓语形式：had done
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋have done
·与将来事实相反
条件句谓语形式：should do/were to do/did
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋do
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②They would have been here by now if they ________ (catch) the early train.
③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ (be) to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
would be
had caught
were
(5)It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
(教材原句)Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
[句式分析]　it作形式主语，if引导的从句作真正的主语。
It doesn't matter to me who wins.
对我来说，谁胜谁败没有什么关系。
It doesn't matter (much) where Tom goes.
汤姆去哪里没有什么关系(关系不大)。
What does it matter what you do
你做什么又有什么关系呢？
It matters little even if I am not invited.
即使我不被邀请，也关系不大。
[句式归纳]　
It doesn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
It doesn't matter (to sb.) who/what/why...
(对某人来说)……不重要。
It doesn't matter. (＝No matter.)没关系。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It wouldn't matter ________ I didn't get the award.
②Will ________ matter if I'm a little late
③It doesn't matter ________ you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.
if
it
what
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Make sure the ladder is ________ (稳固的) and keep a balance before you start to climb.
2．After the earthquake, lots of ________ (砖块) fell on the broad street, just like red autumn leaves.
3．Most research and development projects ________ (包含) some elements of risk, in some aspects.
firm
bricks
involve
4．Olive trees have deep ________ (树根) beneath the earth, which supply massive nutrition.
5．We were ordered not to ________ (射击) until he gave the signal.
6．A new drug has been created by the ________ (研究院) of Cancer Research.
roots
shoot
Institute
Ⅱ.短语填空
make a difference, suffer from, be committed to, make a(n)... contribution, have a positive effect on, set up, all around the world, take action, join in, can't be bothered to do
1．It ______________ to individuals which you choose.
2．The old scientist has ______ massive ____________ to the space development programme.
3．Praise and appreciation sometimes __________________ a child.
4．Excuse me, may I ____________ your discussion about the contest
makes a difference
made a
contribution
have a positive effect on
join in
5．Being ill, he __________________ anything and just wants to stay in his flat.
6．I travel to unusual spots and meet interesting people from
_______________．
7．The police ____________ to control the building where a scream was heard.
8．Tony ____________ a bad cold so he must take his medicine right now.
can't be bothered to do
all around the world
took action
is suffering from
9．The composer gave his son a starting capital to ____________ a business.
10．China ____________ global and regional cooperation.
set up
is committed to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more ________ (firm) rooted.
2．Best of all, humour raises your energy, and that can have an effect ________ everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
3．They decide to have more workers for the project ________ that it won't be delayed.
4．My older brother couldn't be bothered ________ (play) with me.
firmly
on　
so
to play
5．He convinced the police department to allow him to set ________ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
6．Fighting, however, usually ________ (involve) personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
7．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ (root) to the ground, wondering whether to stay or leave.
8．Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ________ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
up
involves
rooted
from
9．When they got to China, they put down ________ (root) and built a life.
10．Respect and trust provide a solid ________ (found) for friendship.
roots
foundation
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。(it wouldn't matter if...)
___________________________________________________________
2．站在树下的那个女孩是我的同桌。
___________________________________________________________
3．这个穷苦的女孩一直靠拾海贝壳维持生计。(不定式短语作目的状语)
___________________________________________________________
It wouldn't matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
The girl standing under the tree is my deskmate.
The poor girl has been collecting seashells to make a living.
4．如果我是你的话，我会接受他的建议。
___________________________________________________________
5．“你知道杰克不会喜欢的。”
“那又怎样？我才不在乎杰克怎么想呢。”(So what？)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
If I were you, I would accept his advice.
—Jack won't like it, you know.
—So what I don't care what Jack thinks.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．Some people believe that having a high academic title at a famous university or a research ________ (研究院) means success.
2．On the Origin of Species (《物种起源》) laid the f________ for modern biology and changed how other scientists understood the appearance of life on Earth.
3．I've been able to keep f________ friendships with them.
institute
foundation
firm　
4．These plants grow from their ________ (根) all the way up out of the ground.
5．The Great Wall of China is series of walls made of stones, ________ (砖), and other materials.
roots
bricks
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．It was when you told me ________ I realized I had made a serious mistake.
2．Ray was getting very bored and was bothered ________ the idea that he might lose his job.
3．The best way is to be actively involved ________ the project.
4．A man ________ (shoot) dead in the city centre last night.
5．Don't leave the tap ________ (run) while you wash the vegetables.
that　
about　
in　
was shot
running
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
can't be bothered to (do sth.), take action, all around the world, make a difference, in addition to
1．Tourists come from _______________ to see Niagara Falls.
2．All this has happened because you ________________ give us the message.
3．We can't just sit here and do nothing. We have to ____________！
all around the world
couldn't be bothered to
take action
4．Graduates, you can _______________ in this world! You can reshape the future!
5．____________ the rugged road, the bad weather added to our difficulties of climbing the mountain.
make a difference
In addition to
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．在国外生活了二十年后，这个教授回到了他的祖国。(现在分词作状语)
___________________________， the professor returned to his motherland.
2．在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。(现在分词作定语)
The boy _________________________ is my younger brother.
3．当她转过身来时，她发现有人在盯着她。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
When she turned around, _________________________．
Having lived abroad for twenty years
playing football in the playground
she found someone staring at her
4．由于沉浸在阅读中，我们都没有听到周围的声音。(过去分词作状语)
____________________， we all didn't hear the sound around us.
5．大部分被邀请参加派对的人都没有来。(过去分词作定语)
Most of the people ________________ didn't come.
Lost/Absorbed in reading
invited to the party
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In December 2010，Lauren Robinson walked into science class. “My throat started closing，”she remembers. “They called an ambulance (救护车)，and I had to go to the hospital.” It wasn't the first time that Lauren had to be rushed to the hospital. That's because Lauren，15，has a food allergy (过敏症).
Many people have food allergies. But Lauren's allergy is much worse than most. She can't eat food that contains milk. When she was younger，Lauren could stay safe by choosing food carefully. That changed in middle school. By eighth grade，Lauren couldn't be in the same room with dairy products (乳制品). That's what happened in Lauren's science classroom. Earlier that day，students had held a pizza party. Cheese particles (微粒) still hung in the air. Lauren never returned to school after that.
In 2011，Lauren got great news. She could go to school and stay safe by driving a robot to class. Lauren controls it from home over the Internet，using a computer. She uses the keyboard to drive the robot from class to class. A video camera on the robot lets Lauren see what is going on in school. A video screen on the robot lets students and teachers see her. It has microphones (话筒) so that everyone can talk to Lauren too.
At first，Lauren thought that using the robot was “a weird idea”. No one went to school like that. “I kept knocking into walls at first，” says Lauren，laughing. “I'd keep falling！”But she got used to it quickly. Using the robot feels natural now. Lauren even created a way to “raise her hand” using the robot's headlights. “I can turn them on and off until the teacher sees me，” she explains.
Lauren looks forward to going to college. She'd like to work in a medical job.
1．Why was Lauren sent to the hospital in December 2010？(　　)
A．She accidentally drank some milk.
B．She carelessly touched some pizza.
C．She ate some dairy food.
D．She breathed in cheese particles.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“couldn't be in the same room with dairy products.”及“Cheese particles still hung in the air.”可知，那天在科学课上，Lauren因为吸入奶酪微粒而导致过敏症发作，被送进医院。
2．What do we know about Lauren's allergy？(　　)
A.Lauren's throat was totally damaged because of it.
B．It becomes better as Lauren gets older.
C．It often puts Lauren in a dangerous situation.
D.Lauren was born with it.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My throat started closing”以及第二段中的“But Lauren's allergy is much worse than most.”，“Lauren couldn't be in the same room with dairy products”和“Lauren never returned to school after that.”可知，Lauren的过敏症一旦发作就会产生可怕的后果。
3．The underlined word “weird” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．(　　)
A．strange B．clever
C．wrong D．big
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的“No one went to school like that.”可知，一开始，Lauren觉得用机器人代替自己去上学很奇怪，因为没人会那样做。
4．According to the text，the robot ________．(　　)
A．was easy to control at first
B．becomes friends with Lauren
C．can communicate with others all by itself
D．makes Lauren feel like she's really in school
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“A video camera...talk to Lauren too.”以及第四段的“created a way...she explains.”可知，用机器人代替Lauren去学校上学跟她自己去没什么两样。
B
If you go into the woods with your friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you do get lost, this is what you should do.
Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends—let them find you. You can help them to find you by staying in one place.
There is another way to help your friends or other people nearby to find you. Give them a signal by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help. You will be helped by others.
Keep up the shouting or whistling, always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know they have heard your signal. They will give two shouts, two whistles or two gunshots. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.
If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house and cover up the holes with branches with lots of leaves and grass. What should you do if you get hungry or need to drink some water You should have to leave your little branch house to look for a brook. Don't just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.
The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.
5．How do you let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun？(　　)
A．Stop now and then.
B．Go on shouting or whistling.
C．Shout over and over at the top of voice.
D．Shout or whistle three times once a while.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Give them a signal by...three times is a call for help.”可知，每过一会儿就喊叫三声或吹三下口哨是求救的信号，故选D。
6．If nobody answers you after your signal, what should you do then？(　　)
A．Give two gunshots.
B．Shout louder.
C．Stop shouting.
D．Make a house.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house...”可知，如果没有人回应你的求救信号，这时应该给自己布置一个过夜的房子，故选D项。
7．If you feel thirsty when you are lost in the forest, what should you do？(　　)
A．Go and find a brook.
B．Light a fire and make yourself some tea.
C.Go to find a brook and leave marks behind you.
D．Find something to hold the water.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“...leave your little branch house to look for a brook...Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.”可知，当口渴时，你需要去找一条小溪，但是记得在路上做标记，故选C。
8．What's the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．What Do Three Shots and Two Shots Mean in a Forest
B．How to Find Your Friends When You Are Lost in the Woods
C．What to Do If You Get Lost in a Forest
D．The Most Important Thing to Do Is to Stay in One Place
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you do get lost, this is what you should do.”和最后一段“The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.”可知，文章主要讲的是在森林里迷路时应该怎么办，故选C。
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Heroes come in different shapes and sites. Some are born to give others a 1 . Then there are the people who just happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the 2 for John Underwood.
On a cold evening, a storm 3 near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were 4 . He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My belief is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no 5 ．” he said.
Underwood wasn't out of his 6 long before he heard a cry, “Someone was screaming, ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12 year old boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were 7 and asked for help.
The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls 8 to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn't 9 . Worse still, the water was rising fast. 10 was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had 11 as a contractor (承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it's a 12 way.”he said.
With physical strength, patience, and a lot of 13 ， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that's not necessarily true. It's hard to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That's why the American Red Cross 14 him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should go to heroes like Underwood who have acted 15 and selflessly in a time of emergency.,　　　　
1．(　　)A.lesson B．direction
C．hope D．hand
答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。A.lesson课程；B.direction指导；C.hope希望；D.hand手。句意：有些人生来就是帮助别人的。固定短语give sb. a hand“帮助某人”。故选D项。
2．(　　)A.role B．concern
C．case D．behavior
答案：C
解析：考查名词辨析。A.role角色；B.concern关心；C.case事件，情况；D.behavior行为。 句意：这就是约翰·安德伍德的情况。此处指上文中“对的时间出现在对的地方”，而约翰就是这样的情况(case)。故选C项。
3．(　　)A.broke B．disappeared
C．returned D．changed
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。A.broke(天气)突变；B.disappeared消失；C.returned归还；D.changed改变。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，他家附近突然下起了一场暴风雨。break可指好的天气突然变化。故选A项。
4．(　　)A.cleared B．completed
C．repaired D．flooded
答案：D
解析：考查动词辨析。A.cleared清理；B.completed完成；C.repaired修理；D.flooded淹没。由上文暴风雨可知，道路应是被雨水淹没(flooded)。故选D项。
5．(　　)A.arrangement B．wonder
C．excuse D．problem
答案：C
解析：考查名词辨析。A.arrangement安排；B.wonder好奇；C.excuse借口；D.problem问题。句意：没有任何借口。此处指上文中尽力帮助别人是没有任何理由和借口的。故选C项。
6．(　　)A.power B．sense
C．house D．vehicle
答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。A.power力量；B.sense感觉；C.house房子；D.vehicle车辆。上文提到约翰开出了自己的truck，此处是指他下车(vehicle)。故选D项。
7．(　　)A.ignored B．trapped
C．injured D．missed
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A.ignored忽视；B.trapped困住；C.injured受伤；D.missed错过。由下文男孩寻求约翰的帮助(ask for help)可知，小男孩的父母是被困住(trapped)了。故选B项。
8．(　　)A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．struggled
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A.managed管理；B.failed失败；C.tried尝试；D.struggled挣扎。句意：哈蒙德一家到地下室去取东西，突然墙无法承受大雨的冲刷，墙倒了。fail to do sth.“没能做到；失败”。故选B项。
9．(　　)A.speak B．reunite
C．escape D．survive
答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。A.speak说；B.reunite重聚；C.escape逃走；D.survive生存。由上文可知墙倒塌的时候，他们还在地下室，因此他们没能逃走(escape)。故选C项。
10．(　　)A.Time B．Relief
C．Success D．Action
答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。A.Time时间；B.Relief减轻；C.Success成功；D.Action行为。由下文可知Underwood立刻采取了行动，说明时间(time)至关重要。故选A项。
11．(　　)A.attitude B．potential
C．confidence D．experience
答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。A.attitude态度；B.potential潜在的；C.confidence自信；D.experience经验。句意：幸运的是，安德伍德有做过承包商的经验。由下文可知他对房屋结构非常清楚，很有经验。故选D项。
12．(　　)A.difficult B．safe
C．creative D．quick
答案：B
解析：考查形容词辨析。A.difficult困难的；B.safe安全的；C.creative有创造性的；D.quick快的。由上文可知他们的处境危险，此刻安德伍德知道这条安全的(safe)道路。故选B项。
13．(　　)A.bravery B．encouragement
C．anxiety D．responsibility
答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。A.bravery勇敢；B.encouragement鼓励；C.anxiety焦急；D.responsibility责任。句意：凭借体力、耐心和极大的勇气，安德伍德挽救了他们的生命。情况紧急，安德伍德凭借自己的勇敢，找到了出路。故选A项。
14．(　　)A.invited B．honored
C．interviewed D．helped
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A.invited邀请；B.honored荣誉；C.interviewed采访；D.helped帮助。句意：这就是为什么美国红十字会授予他荣誉的原因。故选B项。
15．(　　)A.fortunately B．immediately
C．actively D．courageously
答案：D
解析：考查副词辨析。A.fortunately幸运地；B.immediately立即地；C.actively活跃地；D.courageously勇敢地。此处对应上文中“凭借体力、耐心和极大的勇气(bravery)”，指“表现得勇敢(courageously)和无私”。故选D项。Section B　Lesson 1　Roots and Shoots
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 树根
vi.& vt. (使)生根
2．____________ n. 砖，砖块
3．____________ n. 加仑
4．____________ n. 机构；研究院
5．____________ vi.&vt. (狗)摇(尾巴)
6．____________ n. 芽，苗；嫩枝
vt. 射中，射击
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→________ adj.担心的；烦恼的
2．firm adj.实的；稳固的→________ adv.坚定地；坚固地
3．found vt.创建，创办；成立；建立→________ n．基础；地基
4．involve vt.参与；包含→________ n．卷入，参考
5．establish vt.建立，设立，确立，使得到承认→________ n．设立；制定
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．can't be bothered to do sth.________________
2．suffer from ________________
3．so what ________________
4．make a difference ________________
5．say to oneself ________________
6．be committed to ________________
7．live in peace with ________________
8．make a firm foundation ________________
9．break open brick walls ________________
10．all around the world ________________
11．a part of... ________________
12．make contributions/a contribution to
________________
13．have negative effects/a negative effect on
________________
14．in fact＝as a matter of fact＝in reality
________________
15．encourage sb. to do sth. ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 数百万的
2．________________ 采取行动
3．________________ 成立；设立；建立；搭建
4．________________ 世界上在……(研究领域)最著名的专家
5．________________ 除……外(还)
6．________________ 成千上万的
7．________________ 摇尾巴
8．________________ 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
9．________________ 让世界变得更美好
10．________________ 植根于……
11．________________ 加入，参加
12．________________ 大量的……(＋复数谓语)
________________ ……的数量(＋单数谓语)
13．________________ 关心
14．________________ 处理，应付
15．________________ 有时间做某事
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Why does the author mention “Just me ism” in Paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of each individual.
B．To reveal the damage humans do to the world.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To inform us of some awful facts.
2．For what purpose was Roots & Shoots founded
A．To teach people how to be a person with a green thumb.
B．To educate young people to take action for the environment.
C．To promote the study of chimpanzees.
D．To help educate young people to have a bright future.
3．Who does Roots & Shoots represent
A．Researchers at the institute.
B．Ordinary people living in peace with nature.
C．Children in primary schools.
D．Young people around the world.
4．What does Roots & Shoots emphasise
A．The importance of each individual.
B．The importance of wildlife protection.
C．The education of the next generation.
D．The urgency of environmental protection.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Most people suffer 1.________ what is known as “Just me ism”. Actually, it is 2.________ (harm) to the world. 3.________ (inspire) young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 4.________ (establish). The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 5.________ (slow) under the ground to make a firm 6.________ (found), and shoots can break open brick walls 7.________ (reach) the light.
The value and importance of each individual is 8.________ Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr. Jane Goodall thinks each individual has a role 9.________ (play) and every individual makes 10.________ difference.
[词汇注释]
①suffer from因……而遭受痛苦
②leave a light on不关灯
③so what那又怎样
※用来暗指之前的话不重要、无趣或与己无关
④make a difference有影响，有差别，有作用
※make a big difference to对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to对……没有影响/作用
⑤say to oneself自言自语
⑥millions of数百万的
⑦gallon/'g l n/n.加仑
※液量容积单位(1加仑，合英制4.55升，合美制3.79升)
⑧take action采取行动
⑨institute/' nst tju t/
n．机构；研究院
⑩set up成立；设立；建立；搭建
※set up an institute
成立一个机构
an expert on...……研究领域的专家
chimpanzee/ t mp n'zi /n．黑猩猩
in addition to除……外(还)
※in addition此外(独立使用，常作状语)
be committed to献身于，致力于
live in peace with
与……和平共处
※live in harmony with
与……和谐相处
firm/f m/adj.实的；稳固的
foundation/fa n'de n/n.基础；地基
brick/br k/n.砖，砖块
all around the world
全世界
※throughout the world全世界
hundreds and thousands of成千上万的
wag/w g/vi. & vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
※wag one's tail摇尾巴
matter vi.重要，要紧
play a role (in)
(在……中)扮演角色；(在……中)起作用
(be) rooted in植根于
a part of……的一部分
involve/ n'v lv/vt.
参与；包含
※involve doing sth.
包含做某事
[教材原文]
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from① what is known as “Just me ism”. What is that Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on② when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what③？ “What difference can it possibly make④？” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will know.” Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world．【1】 But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves⑤： “It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of⑥ gallons⑦ of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
【1】It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没关系。表示在某种条件下，不会产生多大影响。
To inspire young people to take action⑧ for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established. This institute⑨ was set up⑩ in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best known expert on wild chimpanzees . In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation ， and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world . Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant 【2】 One cheered up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters . Every individual has a role to play . Every individual makes a difference.” You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future You cannot be absent.
【2】三个when引导并列的时间状语从句。当多个相同的句子成分并列时，必须用and把最后一个和前面的连接起来；三个when引导的时间状语从句又构成了排比句，用排比来抒情，节奏和谐，显得感情、气势更为强烈。
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. 【3】
—Jane Goodall
【3】强调句，强调了方式状语by acting together, in this exciting way, what引导表语从句。
[汉语译文]
根(root)与芽(shoot)
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个( Just me ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头、一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说： “没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动(take action)起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots & Shoots)诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她一直全身心地投入环境保护事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物，还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与(involve)其中，这将改变世界。
——珍·古道尔
第一版块|核心单词
1)bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦　n．麻烦；令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人))
(教材原句)Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
bother about 烦恼
bother sb. with sth. 拿某事烦扰某人
bother to do sth./doing sth. 费心做某事(常用于否定句和疑问句)
bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
can't be bothered about 对……无所谓
can't be bothered to do sth. 懒得做某事
We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering us.
我们正在捉弄那个总是烦我们的人。
There is nothing the matter. I wish you wouldn't bother about me.不要紧，希望你别为我操心。
I am sorry. I have bothered you with so many questions.
真抱歉，我用这么多的问题打扰了你。
Lots of people don't bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.如今，很多人不费心举办婚礼了。
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里，我便坐立不安。
I am afraid it was a bother for you to do this.
做这件事恐怕太麻烦你了。
We had a lot of bother finding our way to his house.
我们费了很大劲才找到去他家的路。(bother作“麻烦、困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物、讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。)
[句式]　It bothers sb. to do sth./that...
做某事/……让某人心烦。
Why bother？何必那么麻烦？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't bother ________ such matters.
②It upset him that nobody had bothered ________ (tell) him about it.
③The sauce is thick and rich so don't bother ________ (try) to diet.
④I can't be bothered ________ travelling by train.
⑤He never even ________ (bother) to acknowledge her presence.
⑥I experienced years of loneliness as a child. My older brother couldn't ________ (bother) to play with me.
⑦You'd better not bother me ________ these little things because I'm busy.
完成句子
⑧________________________________ (何必那么麻烦)？We can stay at home and watch films online.
⑨I'm in a bad mood and____________________ (懒得去) the party.
2)firm adj.实的；稳固的；严格的　n．公司；商行)
(教材原句)The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation...这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础……
a firm bed 结实的床
a firm base 稳固的底座
a firm date/decision 确定的日期/明确的决定
a firm hold/grasp 紧紧抓住，牢牢握住
take a firm stand/line 采取坚定立场
a law firm 一家律师事务所
The handshake was firm and cool.那次握手有力而冷静。
He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river.他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。
I knew he worked for a security firm.
我知道他为一家保安公司工作。
[拓展]
firmly adv.牢牢地；坚定地
The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.
前门被锁，所有的窗户都牢牢地关着。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Several new ________ (firm) have now entered the market.
②He ________ (firm) believes that education can change everything.
完成句子
③Parents ______________ (对……一定要严格) their children.
④Diana and Laura ______________ (一直是坚定的朋友)since then.
3)involve vt.参与；包含；牵涉；使卷入)
(教材原句)It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。
involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事
involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
A letter of credit will involve unnecessary extra charges.
信用证将包含不必要的额外开支。
Running a kitchen involves lots of discipline and speed.
管理厨房需要讲究纪律和速度。
The test will involve answering some questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved.
村里的社交生活很好，我希望能再有机会更多地参与其中。
The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.
那个记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。
[拓展]
involvement n．卷入；牵连；参与
He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair.他直言不讳地说了他与该事件有牵连。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①For a long time Gabriel didn't want to ________ (involve) in music at all.
②We'll make our decision and contact the people ________ (involve).
③An example at hand is the ________ (involve) of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.
④No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved ________ various activities on Earth Day.
⑤The job involves ________ (travel) abroad for three months each year.
⑥Don't involve other people ________ your trouble.
完成句子
⑦I______________________________ (似乎已经将自己卷入了) something I don't understand.
4)root n．树根；根源，起因　v．(使)生根；起源于；根除；使固定　vi.生根)
tree roots 树根
at the root of... 从根本上
the root of the matter/problem 事情/问题的根源
put down roots 生根；定居
have one's roots in 起源于……
be/lie at the root of 是……的根本原因
the root of all evil 万恶之源
be rooted in 起源于；植根于
root up weeds 根除杂草
We dug up the root of the tree.我们挖起了这棵树的根。
We rooted up weeds.我们已将杂草根除。
Brain was rooted to the spot by fear.
布雷恩吓得动弹不得。
The plant roots quickly.这种植物生根很快。
[语境助记]
His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences.
他的问题深深地根源于他儿时的经历。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We need to get to the root ________ the problem.
②What lies ________ the root ________ the problem is their lack of interest.
③This tradition is also firmly rooted ________ the past.
④His fears of loneliness lay ________ the very root ________ his inability to leave.
⑤It is a moral question ________ root.
5)shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝　vt.射中；射击　shot n．射击；枪声(不规则动词：shot, shot, shooting))
green shoots 绿色的嫩芽
bamboo shoots 竹笋
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot a gun 开枪＝fire a gun
shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
shoot a glance at sb. 看某人一眼
shoot sb. in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/背部/腿部
shoot out buds 发芽
shoot across (光)闪过，掠过
shoot at the target 向目标射击
take a shot at(＝shoot at) 朝……开枪(不一定打中)
With the warmth of spring, the ice has melted and the green shoots have made their way up toward the sun.
春天的温暖让冰融化，绿色的嫩芽便朝着阳光生长开来。
She shot herself.她举枪自杀了。
The trees are shooting out buds.树木发芽了。
The police shot the kidnapper.警察击毙绑匪。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Then Jeff noticed steam ________ (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
②Two guys walked in and started shooting ________ people.
③The police shot ________ the escapees and one of them was ________ (shoot) dead.
④She ________ (shoot) ________ envious glance ________ me.
⑤The soldier was ________ (shoot) ________ the head and was sent to the hospital in a hurry.
⑥When I was trying to tie my shoelaces, I suddenly felt a terrible pain shoot ________ my back.
第二版块|重要短语
1)suffer from因……而遭受痛苦)
(教材原句)Most people suffer from what is known as“Just me ism”．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Just me ism)”问题。
　For example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases.
例如，经常锻炼的人患许多疾病的概率较低。
[注意]　suffer直接接宾语，表示“遭受”；suffer接from再接宾语，表示“因……而遭受痛苦”，from表原因。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even though he suffered ________ a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
②We are concerned about the people ________ (suffer) from the flood.
③People settling in this area suffer ________ a number of problems.
完成句子
④If a neighbour ____________________ (生病)，offer to do the grocery shopping.
2)take action采取行动)
(教材原句)To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
take (positive) action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取(积极的)行动/措施做某事
immediate action 立刻行动
urgent action 紧急行动
in action 在运转；在活动中
bring...into action 使……生效
into action 实行；实施
out of action 不能工作；停止运转；失去作用
We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.我们采取行动之前需要更多时间观察情况如何发展。
My assistant will now show the machine in action.
我的助手现在将演示机器的运行情况。
The rules will be brought into action tomorrow.
章程从明天开始生效。
They were trapped when the lift went out of action.
电梯出现故障时，他们被困住了。
[语境助记]　
They decided against taking legal action．
他们决定不提起诉讼。
We have to take action to stop them.
我们得采取行动来制止他们。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is a very good footballer. You ought to see him ________ action.
②Gill's last school report shocked her parents ________ action.
③It's time to get rid of these bad habits and take action—________ (protect) the environment.
④He's been ________ of action for 16 months with a serious knee injury.
⑤The ________ (act) of picking the baby up had made her back ache.
完成句子
⑥On arriving at the destination, the soldiers ________________ (行动起来去搜寻) survivors.
3)be committed to致力于；献身于)
(教材原句)In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection.
除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事
make a commitment (to do sth.) 承诺(做某事)
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他没有做任何承诺。
Some people commit crimes out of ignorance.
有些人出于无知而犯罪。
If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.他们正在找一个对这份工作真正有责任感的人。
[拓展]　
commit vt.承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间)　vi.全身心投入；忠于
commitment n．承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This government is committed ________ extending parental choice in education.
②I was impressed by the energy and ________ (commit) shown by the players.
③Both sides committed themselves to ________ (settle) the dispute peacefully.
④The minister ________ (commit) to promoting the development and use of public transportation.
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (承诺) to pay the rent on time.
⑥He ____________________ (致力于) the cause of modernising the country's industry.
4)make a difference有影响，有关系，有作用)
(教材原句)Every individual makes a difference.
每一个个体都能有所作为。
make a big difference to 对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to 对……没有影响/没有作用
make some difference to 对……有些影响/关系/作用
It makes no difference to sb. whether...or not...
是否……对某人没有影响。
Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会有影响。
Some of the simplest things can make the biggest difference.
一些最简单的事情能有最大的影响。
Flowers make no difference to this room.
花在这个房间里不起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he comes or not.
他是否来对我来说没什么影响。
[拓展]　
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
tell the difference between A and B
区分A和B
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If we combine our efforts, we can make ________ difference.
②This convention makes no difference ________ the results.
③________ makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow.
④It makes no difference to him ________ he enters university or not.
完成句子
⑤Whatever she says will not ________________ (对……有任何影响) our arrangements.
5)make a contribution to对……做出贡献)
(教材原句)What contribution does Roots & Shoots make to society？“根与芽”对社会有什么贡献？
contribute money to the flood stricken area 向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 向杂志社投稿
Who made a great contribution to the civil rights movement in the US？谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大的贡献？
[拓展]　
contribute...to...为……贡献/捐献……
contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；(＝lead to＝result in)有助于；导致
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Only in this way can we make a great ________ (contribute) to our family and our society.
②3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
③We should make a contribution ________ keeping our school clean and tidy.
④No doubt the theatre has contributed ________ the area's development and economic growth.
第三版块|典型句式
1)不定式(短语)作表语)
(教材原句)The whole purpose of...is to educate young people...……的目的是教育年轻人……
不定式、动名词都可作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
The purpose of this project is to raise money to help poor children.这个项目的目的是筹钱帮助贫穷的孩子。
His favourite sport is swimming.
他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)
Your task today is to wash the curtains.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)
[注意]　当不定式作表语时，如果它前面有do, does, did，可以省略不定式符号to，也可以保留。如：
What I want to do now is (to) have a sleep.
我现在想做的就是睡一觉。
The only we can do is (to) wait for help.
我们现在唯一能做的就是等待救援。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My duty today is ________ (watch) over the dog.
②What he likes to do best on weekends is ________ (listen) to some light music.
③To see is ________ (believe).
④My work is ________ (look after) the children.
2)it作形式宾语)
(教材原句)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots...and make it a better place to live in.
成千上万的根和芽……使其更加宜居。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她觉得养家糊口是她的责任。
I found it important to learn spoken English.
我发现学习英语口语很重要。
I did consider it no use reporting the incident.
我确实认为报道这件事没有用。
I think it necessary that you study hard.
我认为你努力学习是必要的。
[拓展]　
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋不定式
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋动名词
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋从句
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has made it a rule ________ (get) up early.
②I find ________ really helpful to speak English loudly every day.
③I want to make it clear ________ I didn't steal his pen.
④New technologies have made ________ easier to enjoy life than ever before.
⑤I think it no use ________ (argue) with him.
3)So what？那又怎么样？(认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时))
(教材原句)You know that all those things are wrong, but so what？你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？
—He has admitted his mistake！他已经承认了错误！
—So what？那又怎样？
What/How about advertising in the local newspaper
在当地的报纸上刊登广告怎么样？
—Can I have two days off next week
下周我可以请两天假吗？
—What for？为什么？
What if it rained all through those months
如果那几个月一直下雨会怎么样呢？
—I think you owe me some money.我想你还欠我一些钱。
—How come？怎么会呢？
[拓展]　
①What/How about...？……怎么样？
(用于提出建议或引出话题)
②What for？为什么？
③What if...？＝What would happen if...？如果……会怎么样呢？
④How come？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶)
[即学即练]　选词填空：so what/what for/what if/how come
①________ she doesn't win the contest again
②—They don't say a single word to each other.
—________？
③—I skipped school today.
—________？ What's so special about that
④—Can I have a day off tomorrow
—________？
完成句子
⑤I know why he was late, ________________ (但那又怎么样)
⑥________________ (要是下雨怎么办) All the windows are open.
4)虚拟条件句)
(教材原句)What would happen if everybody did the same things
如果每个人都做同样的事情会发生什么？
[句式分析]　本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
条件句谓语形式：过去式(be通常用were)
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If I didn't apologize, I would feel guilty.
如果我不道歉，我会感到内疚。
If the weather were fine, we would go outing.
如果天气好的话，我们就去郊游了。(事实上天气不好)
If I'd left earlier, I'd have been on time.要是我早点儿动身，我就准时到了。(事实是“我”动身太迟了)
[拓展]　
·与过去事实相反
条件句谓语形式：had done
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋have done
·与将来事实相反
条件句谓语形式：should do/were to do/did
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋do
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②They would have been here by now if they ________ (catch) the early train.
③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ (be) to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
(5)It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
(教材原句)Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
[句式分析]　it作形式主语，if引导的从句作真正的主语。
It doesn't matter to me who wins.
对我来说，谁胜谁败没有什么关系。
It doesn't matter (much) where Tom goes.
汤姆去哪里没有什么关系(关系不大)。
What does it matter what you do
你做什么又有什么关系呢？
It matters little even if I am not invited.
即使我不被邀请，也关系不大。
[句式归纳]　
It doesn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
It doesn't matter (to sb.) who/what/why...
(对某人来说)……不重要。
It doesn't matter. (＝No matter.)没关系。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It wouldn't matter ________ I didn't get the award.
②Will ________ matter if I'm a little late
③It doesn't matter ________ you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Make sure the ladder is ________ (稳固的) and keep a balance before you start to climb.
2．After the earthquake, lots of ________ (砖块) fell on the broad street, just like red autumn leaves.
3．Most research and development projects ________ (包含) some elements of risk, in some aspects.
4．Olive trees have deep ________ (树根) beneath the earth, which supply massive nutrition.
5．We were ordered not to ________ (射击) until he gave the signal.
6．A new drug has been created by the ________ (研究院) of Cancer Research.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make a difference, suffer from, be committed to, make a(n)... contribution, have a positive effect on, set up, all around the world, take action, join in, can't be bothered to do
1．It ____________ to individuals which you choose.
2．The old scientist has ____________ massive ____________ to the space development programme.
3．Praise and appreciation sometimes ____________ a child.
4．Excuse me, may I ____________ your discussion about the contest
5．Being ill, he ____________ anything and just wants to stay in his flat.
6．I travel to unusual spots and meet interesting people from ____________．
7．The police ____________ to control the building where a scream was heard.
8．Tony ____________ a bad cold so he must take his medicine right now.
9．The composer gave his son a starting capital to ____________ a business.
10．China ____________ global and regional cooperation.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more ________ (firm) rooted.
2．Best of all, humour raises your energy, and that can have an effect ________ everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
3．They decide to have more workers for the project ________ that it won't be delayed.
4．My older brother couldn't be bothered ________ (play) with me.
5．He convinced the police department to allow him to set ________ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
6．Fighting, however, usually ________ (involve) personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
7．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ (root) to the ground, wondering whether to stay or leave.
8．Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ________ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
9．When they got to China, they put down ________ (root) and built a life.
10．Respect and trust provide a solid ________ (found) for friendship.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。(it wouldn't matter if...)
________________________________________________________________________
2．站在树下的那个女孩是我的同桌。
________________________________________________________________________
3．这个穷苦的女孩一直靠拾海贝壳维持生计。(不定式短语作目的状语)
________________________________________________________________________
4．如果我是你的话，我会接受他的建议。
________________________________________________________________________
5．“你知道杰克不会喜欢的。”
“那又怎样？我才不在乎杰克怎么想呢。”(So what？)
________________________________________________________________________
Section B　Lesson 1　Roots and Shoots
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．root　2.brick　3.gallon　4.institute　5.wag　6.shoot
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bothered　2.firmly　3.foundation　4.involvement
5．establishment
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．懒得做某事　2.因……而遭受痛苦　3.那又怎样　4.有影响，有差别，有作用　5.自言自语　6.献身于，致力于　7.与……和平共处　8.形成坚实的基础　9.冲破砖墙的阻挡　10.全世界　11.……的一部分　12.对……做出贡献　13.对……产生负面影响　14.事实上，实际上　15.鼓励某人做某事
1．millions of　2.take action　3.set up　4.the world's best known expert on...　5.in addition to　6.hundreds and thousands of　7.wag one's tail　8.play a role in　9.make the world a better place　10.be rooted in　11.join in 　12.a number of...; the number of...　　13.become/be concerned about　14.deal with　15.have time for sth.
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．A　2.B　3.D　4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．from　2.harmful　3.To inspire　4.was established
5．slowly　6.foundation　7.to reach　8.what　9.to play　10.a
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①about　②to tell　③trying/to try　④about
⑤bothered　⑥be bothered　⑦with　⑧Why bother
⑨can't be bothered to go to
2．①firms　②firmly　③must be firm with
④have been firm friends
3．①be involved　②involved　③involvement　④in
⑤travelling　⑥in　⑦seem to have involved myself in
4．①of　②at; of　③in　④at; of　⑤at
5．①shooting　②at　③at; shot　④shot; an; at　⑤shot; in
⑥across
第二版块|重要短语
1．①from　②suffering　③from　④suffers an illness
2．①in　②into　③to protect　④out　⑤action
⑥took action to search for
3．①to　②commitment　③settling　④is committed
⑤made a commitment　⑥is committed to
4．①a　②to　③It　④whether　⑤make any difference to
5．①contribution　②to　③to　④to
第三版块|典型句式
1．①to watch　②to listen　③to believe
④looking after/to look after
2．①to get　②it　③that　④it　⑤arguing
3．①What if　②How come　③So what　④What for
⑤but so what　⑥What if it rains
4．①would be　②had caught　③were
5．①if　②it　③what
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．firm　2.bricks　3.involve　4.roots　5.shoot　6.Institute
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．makes a difference　2.made a; contribution
3．have a positive effect on　4.join in
5．can't be bothered to do　6.all around the world
7．took action　8.is suffering from　9.set up
10．is committed to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．firmly　2.on　3.so　4.to play　5.up　6.involves
7．rooted　8.from　9.roots　10.foundation
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It wouldn't matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
2．The girl standing under the tree is my deskmate.
3．The poor girl has been collecting seashells to make a living.
4．If I were you, I would accept his advice.
5．—Jack won't like it, you know.
—So what I don't care what Jack thinks.
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