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Section B　Lesson 1　Masterpieces
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 人像，人形；数字
2．____________ vt. 影响
3．____________ n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍 vt. 找到，发现
4．____________ n. 尖叫，尖叫声 vi. & vt. 高声喊出
5．____________ vt. 导致，引起；使发生 n. 原因；事业
figure
affect　
spot　
scream　
cause
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．star n．星星vt.主演→________ adj.布满星星的
2．mental adj.精神的→________ adv.精神上；心理上
3．mass n．大量；许多→________ adj.巨大的
4．fail v．失败→________ n．失败的事；失败
5．strike v．给……以(深刻)印象→________ adj.惊人的；显著的
6．view v．观看→________ n．观看者
starry　
mentally　
massive　
failure　
striking
viewer　
7．burn v．燃烧→________ adj.燃烧着的
8．mystery n．神秘；不可思议→________ adj.神秘的；难以解释的
9．visual adj.视觉的，视力的→________ adv.外表上；直观地
10．react v．反应→________ n．反应
11．master＋piece→__________ n．杰作；代表作
burning　
mysterious　
visually　
reaction
masterpiece
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．lead sb. to do sth. ________________
2．sense of sight ________________
3．in one's lifetime ________________
4．with an expression of fear ________________
5．let out a scream ________________
6．a mysterious scene ________________
引导某人做某事
视觉
在某人的有生之年
带着恐惧的表情
发出尖叫声
神秘的景色/场景
7．a visual experiment ________________
8．different reactions ________________
9．as for ________________
10．sort...into __________________________
11．hold an exhibition ________________
12．at high speed ________________
13．in black ink ________________
14．in a creative way ______________________
15．be painted with ________________
视觉实验
不同的反应
关于，至于
把……分类成；把……分类放入
举办一个展览
以高速
用黑色墨水
创造性地；以创造性的方式
被涂上……
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 被设置在……；背景是……
2．________________ 与……有联系；与……连接
3．________________ 心理健康问题
4．________________ 一系列的；一连串的
5．________________ 被……包围
6．______________________ 有共同之处
be set on/in/against
be connected to
mental health problems
a series of
(be) surrounded by
have something in common
7．________________ 共同的特点/特征
8．________________ 你对……有何看法？
9．________________ 发展……的传统
10．________________ 把……与……结合起来
11．________________ 用脑/手
common features
What's your opinion of...
develop the tradition of...
combine...with...
with one's brain/hands
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1. What can't be found in Van Gogh's The Starry Night
A．Clouds. B．Circles. C．Stars. 　 D．Bridges.
D
2．According to the experts, what leads to Van Gogh's unusual use of colour
A．His sense of sight. B．Drugs.
C．His unusual talent. D．His life experience.
A　
3．In Edvard Munch's opinion，what was the inspiration for him to create The Scream
A.A shocking disaster.
B．One journey with his friends.
C．His mental health problems.
D．The beautiful scene in the country.
B　
4．Which of the following words can't be used to describe The Empire of Light when people enjoy it
A.Dark. B．Troubling.
C．Convincing. D．Calming.
C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh when he was 1.________ (mental) ill. He painted clouds, stars, a moon as well as the 2.________ (mass) circles of white and yellow 3.________ (race) across the sky. The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous 4.________ (painting).
mentally
massive
racing　
paintings　
What makes The Scream striking is that it shows a thin figure 5.________ an expression of fear. The figure 6.________ (set) on a bridge above a dark, 7.________ (storm) sea, and against a burning orange red sky. Many experts say the painting is connected to Munch's mental health problems, 8.________ caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by René Magritte. It shows a house 9.________ (light) by lights from inside, 10.________ (surround) by the darkness of night. Viewers have different reactions towards the paintings.
with
is set
stormy　
which　
lit　
surrounded
[词汇注释]
①starry/'stɑ ri/adj.布满星星的
②mentally/'ment li/adv.精神上；心理上
physical and mental
身体和精神上的
③massive/'m s v/adj. 巨大的(＝very large)
④beneath/b 'ni θ/prep.
& adv.在……(正)下方
⑤lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事
⑥affect/ 'fekt/vt.影响
may have affected可能已经影响了(“情态动词＋完成时”表示对过去事情的推测)
⑦sense of sight视觉
⑧drug n．药物，药材
⑨spot/sp t/n.(圆)点；斑点；污渍
⑩failure/'fe lj /n.失败的事；失败
failure原为不可数名词，这里用作可数名词，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“失败的人(或事物)”。
scream/skri m/n.尖叫，尖叫声vi. & vt.高声喊出
striking/'stra k /adj.惊人的；显著的
with an expression of fear带着恐惧的表情
let out a scream发出尖叫声
let out发出(声音)；放出(气体等)；泄露；出租
viewer/'vju /n.观看者
be set on/in/against
被设置在……；背景是……
burning/'b n /adj.燃烧着的
be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接
cause/k z/vt.导致，引起；使发生n．原因；事业
cause sb. a lot of pain给某人带来巨大痛苦
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
empire/'empa /n.
帝国；大企业
a series of一系列的；一连串的
scene/si n/n.景色
(be) surrounded by
被……包围
mysterious/m 'st ri s/adj.神秘的；难以解释的
visual/'v u l/adj.视觉的，视力的
reaction/ri' k n/n.反应
reaction to对……的反应
as for关于，至于
as for sb./sth.就某人/某物而言，至于某人/某物
[教材原文]
The Starry① Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally② ill. Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn't just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive③ circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath④ this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
His unusual use of colour has led experts to⑤ think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑥ his sense of sight⑦. He also took a drug⑧ that can make people see yellow spots⑨， just like the stars in The Starry Night.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh's unique paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime. He also thought The Starry Night was a failure⑩. However, the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous paintings 【1】．
【1】句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容，remain是不及物动词。此句中，从句较长，为保持句子平衡，将从句置于谓语动词之后。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear 【2】—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream . The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer . This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange red sky.
【2】句中What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句
In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by Belgian artist Ren Magritte between 1953 and 1954. He painted the same scene 27 times. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality. His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Others, however, find them calming. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. “I call this power: poetry，” he said.
[汉语译文]
《星(starry)空》是文森特·凡·高(Vincent van Gogh)于1889年6月在一家精神(mentally)病院里创作的。凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象——有云、星星和月亮的夜空。然而，除了云之外，他还在天空中画了相互追逐的、巨大的(massive)白色和黄色光圈。星星和月亮在夜空中熠熠生辉。在这片令人惊叹的夜空下(beneath)，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响(affect)了他的视力。他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点(spot)，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
不幸的是，凡·高独特的画作在当时并不是很受欢迎，他在有生之年只卖出了一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败(failure)的作品，而现在事实是《星空》是世界上最著名的画作之一。
《呐喊(scream)》是爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch)于1893年创作的。这幅画富有冲击力(striking惊人的)，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声(let out a scream)。这个人捂住了自己的耳朵，直直地看向观看者(viewer)。人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、波涛汹涌的海面，背景是燃烧的(burning)橙红色天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上；天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着，然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。”
许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来(cause)巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
《灯之王国(empire)》是比利时画家勒内·马格利特(René Magritte)的一系列绘画作品之一。1953年至1954年间，同样的场景(scene)他画了27次。画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里灯光明亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。这个场景看起来非常神秘(mysterious)。
马格利特的灵感来自个人思想和想法的启发。他尝试戏谑现实，他的画作是一个个视觉(visual)实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
观众对《灯之王国》的反应(reaction)不同。有些人觉得这些画看起来很黑暗，令人不安。而有些人则觉得这些画让人感到平静。马格利特本人则认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。他说：“我称之为诗意的力量。”
第一版块|核心单词
1)figure n．人像，人形；人物；身材；数字；图形　vt.计算；认为)
(教材原句)a thin figure一个瘦弱的身影
have a good figure 有一个好身材
keep one's figure 保持身材
watch one's figure 注意保持身材
a figure in black 一个黑衣人影
a leading/key figure 领军/关键人物
a five sided figure 五边形
a geometric figure 几何图形
unemployment/sales/trade figures 失业/销售/贸易数字(据)
figure out 计算出；弄清楚，弄明白
I figure (that)... 我认为……
In the moonlight, I saw a figure standing in the shadows.
月光下，我看见阴暗处站着一个人。
He sat down at his desk to work out the exact figures.
他在办公桌前坐下来计算出确切的数字。
How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？她吃得这么多，是怎样保持身材的？
I drew geometric figures under the guidance of my maths teacher.在数学老师的指导下，我画了几何图形。
It didn't take the children long to figure out the correct answer.
孩子们没有花很长时间就算出了正确的答案。
They figured (that) it was better to stay where they were.
他们认为最好还是待在原地不动。
[语境助记]　I didn't really mean my friend is a little sheep; it was just a figure of speech.我并非真的说我的朋友是只小绵羊，这不过是种形象化的说法。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The passage has many ________ (figure) to help explain the conclusion.
②We ________ (figure) that he would arrive at around two o'clock.
③It is difficult to figure ________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.
figures　
figured　
out　
写出句中figure的词性及词义
④He is an important political figure in the Chinese history.________
⑤The figure of the books on show is 108.________
⑥I figure that what we can do is wait.________
⑦She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.________
完成句子
⑧—I wonder how Mary has ________________ (保持身材) after all these years.
—By working out every day.
名词，人物
名词，数字
动词，认为
名词，身材
kept her figure
2)beneath prep.在……(正)下方；被……覆盖；低于；配不上，不值得　adv.在下方；在底下)
(教材原句)Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.在这片令人惊叹的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
beneath the surface of the earth 在地表之下
disappear beneath the waves 消失在波涛中
live beneath the same roof 住在同一幢房子里
the warm sand beneath her feet 她脚下温暖的沙子
look at the river beneath 看着下面的河
beneath the weight of 在……的重压下
We looked down from the mountain to the valley beneath.
我们从山上看下面的山谷。
[比较]　beneath/below/under
这些词均可表示“在……下面”。
·beneath书面用词，指“在……之下”，其反义词是on；
·below指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽；
·under普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含“垂直在下”的意思。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack hid the letter ________ a pile of papers.
②She looked out of the window at the children playing ________．
写出句中beneath的词性及词义
③On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album.______________
④They found the ball buried beneath a pile of leaves._______________
⑤To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouth watering.__________________
beneath　
beneath　
副词，在……底下
介词，被……覆盖
介词，在……下方
3)affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭，使感染)
affect one's health/life/decision 影响某人的健康/生活/决定
the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区
a disease that affects older people 侵扰老年人的疾病
be (deeply) affected by... 被……(深深)打动
affected area 被感染/受影响的地区
These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
She was deeply affected by the sad story.
她被那个悲伤的故事深深地打动了。
The affected skin turns red and may blister.
受感染的皮肤会变红，还有可能起水疱。
[比较]　affect/effect/influence
·affect vt.指影响大，着重动作，有时指不利影响；
Late payment may affect your credit.
逾期还款可能会影响你的信誉。
·effect n. & vt.用作名词，指“影响，结果”。用作动词，指“引起，使发生”；
Playing computer games too much has a bad effect on him.玩太多电脑游戏对他有不好的影响。
·influence n. & vt.指潜移默化的影响。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions of people.他的著作影响了数百万人的生活。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The period of transition is always difficult for those ________ (affect).
②Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing ________ (affect) performance.
③Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life ________ (affect).
affected　
affects　
is affected
选词填空：affect/effect/influence
④Her opinion will not ____________ my decision.
⑤Medicines sometimes have unpleasant side ________．
⑥Newspapers ____________ the current of thought.
完成句子
⑦The students ________________ (被……打动) the soldier's heroic deeds.
affect/influence
effects
influence/affect　
were affected by
4)failure n．失败的事/人；失败；不及格；未做；衰竭；故障)
(教材原句)He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.
他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。
end in failure 以失败告终
heart/kidney failure 心力衰竭/肾衰竭
learn through failure 从失败中学习
power failure 停电，断电
consider oneself a failure 认为自己是个失败者
admit/accept failure 承认/接受失败
fail vi. 失败；没做成某事；衰退
vt. 辜负；不及格，评定不及格
The marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.这是段失败的婚姻，他们俩都想从中解放出来。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。(谚)
He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他每周都给母亲写信。
I passed history but failed chemistry.
我通过了历史考试，但化学不及格。
[说明]　failure作“失败”讲时，为抽象名词，用作不可数名词，但作“失败的人或事”讲时，用作可数名词，这种用法叫作抽象名词具体化。
The failure of the bank caused a panic in the town.
这家银行的破产在城区引起了恐慌。
As a writer, he was a complete failure．
作为作家，他是个完全失败的人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________ (failure).
②It soon became clear that the programme was ________ failure.
③________ (fail) is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.
④He failed ________ (go) to school in time because of the weather.
完成句子
⑤As she is getting older, ________________________(她的视力开始下降).
failures　
a
Failure　
to go
her sight is beginning to fail
5)scream n．尖叫，尖叫声　vi. & vt.高声喊出)
(教材原句)The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。
scream at... 向……大声叫喊
scream for... 为了……尖声地叫喊
scream for help 高呼求救，喊救命
let out a scream 发出尖叫声
scream out (that) 尖声发出……
I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.我给了房主一份猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时尖叫的录音。
She screamed when she saw the robber.她看到强盗时尖叫起来。
The wind was screaming outside.外面风在呼啸。
He screamed at the children for making noise.
他因孩子们发出吵闹声而冲他们大声叫喊。
[语境助记]
When she saw a snake on the rock, she screamed for help.
当她看到岩石上有一条蛇时，她尖叫着求救。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her loud ________ (scream) could be heard all over the house.
②She screamed ________ that she had lost her passport.
③He screamed ________ his wife to call an ambulance.
④The driver screamed ________ him to get off the bus.
完成句子
⑤The patient let out _____________ (痛苦的尖叫声).
⑥He ___________ (尖声发出) a warning.
screams　
out　
at　
at　
a scream of pain
screamed out
6)cause vt.导致，引起；使发生　n．原因；事业)
cause sb. trouble/problems 给某人带来麻烦/问题
cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事
cause and effect 因果
a/the cause of... ……的原因
with/without good cause 理由充分/无缘无故
There is no cause for... 没有理由……
The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up.
干旱导致蔬菜价格上涨。
The cause of the crash was given as engine failure.
撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。
There is no cause for complaint.没有理由抱怨。
There are lots of ways to raise public awareness for a cause.有很多方法可以加强公众对一项事业的认识。
[比较]　cause/reason/excuse(n.)
cause指某事发生的原因或做某事的理由，常与of或for连用；
The drugs tend to cause drowsiness.这些药常常使人昏昏欲睡。
·reason指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释，常与for连用；
She gives no reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么作出这个决定。
·excuse指为自己的行为所作的辩解或给出的借口、理由，常与for连用。
Birthdays are always a good excuse for a party.
生日总是聚会的好理由。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have no cause ________ complaint.
②World peace is ________ cause we should all work for.
③Police are investigating the ________ (cause) of the explosion.
④His illness caused him ________ (miss) the game.
⑤A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it ________ (cause) drove away a number of birds.
for　
a
cause(s)
to miss
caused
选词填空：cause/reason/excuse
⑥There's no ________ for such behaviour.
⑦Unemployment was the chief ________ of poverty.
⑧As always, Peter had a ________ for his action.
excuse
cause
reason
7)scene n．景色，景象；场景，场面；场；发生地点，现场)
(教材原句)He painted the same scene 27 times.
同样的场景他画了27次。
at the scene 在现场
on the scene 当场；在现场；到现场
behind the scenes 在幕后
scenic adj. 风景好的；舞台布景的
He drew a picture of wintry scene.他画了一幅冬天景色的画。
The curtain is lowered at the end of each scene.
每场结束时，帷幕都落下。
There was a witness at the scene.在现场有一位目击证人。
Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
消防队员立刻赶到现场。
He preferred to work behind the scenes.他更喜欢在幕后工作。
There was a sea of faces on every scenic spot in China during the Spring Festival.春节期间，中国的每个景点都人山人海。
[比较]　scene/scenery/sight/view
·scene是scenery的一部分，往往包括其中的人物及活动，是可数名词；
·scenery指某一地区的总的自然景色，是不可数名词；
·sight指“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观；
·view指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色，是可数名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We missed the first few ________ (scene) of the film.
②By the time I arrived ________ the scene, it was all over.
③The ________ (scene) beauty of the place fascinated the visitors.
④The murder suspect couldn't explain away his fingerprints ________ the scene.
scenes
on　
scenic　
at　
选词填空：scene/scenery/sight/view
⑤We saw the ________ of Hong Kong by bus.
⑥From the window there was a clear ________ of the mountains.
⑦There are some pretty ________ in the park.
⑧The area is remarkable for its ________.
sights　
view
scenes　
scenery
8)reaction n．反应　react vi.回应；发生反应)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.观众对《灯之王国》的反应不同。
a reaction to... 对……的反应
in reaction to... 作为对……的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a positive/negative reaction 积极的/消极的反应
mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应
Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
A spokesman said these changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.
一位发言人表示，这些变动并非针对公司最近的亏损而作出的反应。
How did the students react to the monitor's suggestion
同学们对班长的提议有何反应？
My father never saved money and perhaps I reacted against that.我父亲从不攒钱，也许我反对这种做法。
[语境助记]　
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶有恶报。
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rise in oil costs reacted ________ the price of food.
②All new fashion starts out as ________ reaction against existing convention.
③Children tend to react ________ their parents by going against their wish.
④People's reaction ________ the film has varied greatly.
on/upon
a　
against　
to　
⑤The water was reacting ________ the ferrous iron in the tank.
⑥In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
完成句子
⑦Children sometimes ___________ (反对) the thing their parents believe in.
with　
reaction
react against
第二版块|重要短语
1)lead sb. to do引导某人做某事)
(教材原句)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。
lead sb. to... 领某人到……；引导某人得出……
lead to 通向；导致
lead a(n) ...life 过着……的生活
The teacher led me to finish the academic report.
老师带领我完成了学业报告。
[说明]　
“导致，引起”的多种表达：result in; bring about; contribute to
Carelessness often results in/brings about/contributes to failure.粗心往往导致失败。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The guide dog led the blind ________ (walk) on the road.
②What do you think led the professor ________ this conclusion
③False fire alarms are illegal and may lead ________ imprisonment.
完成句子
④The prince and princess _____________ (过着幸福的生活) in the castle.
⑤A bird hit the plane glass, which _____________________________ (导致了) the air crash.
to walk
to　
to　
led a happy life
led to/resulted in/brought about/contributed to
2)let out发出；放出；泄露；出租)
let alone 更不用说
let down 使失望；放下；降低
let go of 放开；松手；放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制)
When she saw him, she let out a cry of horror.
当看到他时，她发出了惊恐的叫声。
Keep this to yourself; don't let it out to the press.
你要保守秘密，别把它泄露给新闻界。
Farm machinery is let out by the week.农业机器按周出租。
The boy was persuaded to let out the bird.
人们说服那男孩放了那只鸟。
I can't speak English, let alone French or German.
我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。
[语境助记]
He won't let you down; he's reliable.
他值得信赖，不会让你失望。
He let go of the coat and it fell in the water.
他的手一松，手里的外套就掉到水里了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's good to let ________ your feelings in a shout.
②He lacks necessities, let ________ luxuries.
③He is a bit let ________ by the low grades he got.
写出句中let out的含义
④After six years they let him out for good behaviour.__________
⑤Boats are let out from the boathouse by the lake for 2 dollars per hour.________
⑥Jane let out where she had hidden her father's birthday present.________
out
alone
down
放出，释放
出租
泄露
3)be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接)
(教材原句)Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions.
充足的睡眠与一般的健康状况有关。
The breakdown of this computer was connected with some software.这台电脑的故障与一些软件有关。
The two island are connected by a bridge.
这两座岛被一座桥连在一起。
[拓展]　
connect... with/to/and... 把……跟……联系起来
make connection with与……联系上(connection n．联系，关联；连接)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These appliances should not be connected ________ power supplies.
②We often connect his name ________ the fantastic invention.
③He did everything ________ (connect) with farming.
④With some books, you may feel a ________ (connect) right away.
完成句子
⑤What he does can't ________________ (有联系) what he says.
⑥________________ (有一种联系) between her unhealthy diet and her poor health.
to　
with　
connected　
connection
be connected with
There is a connection
4)a series of一系列……)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings... 《灯之王国》是一系列绘画作品之一……
a series of articles 一系列文章
a series of experiments/studies/tests 一系列实验/研究/测试
TV series 电视连续剧
A series of attacks has sharpened fears of more violence.
一连串的袭击事件增加了人们对发生更多暴力事件的担心。
[说明]　series单复数形式相同。“a series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；现代英语中有时也用复数，如强调个体成员时。
A series of problems is to be discussed at the meeting.
一系列问题即将在会议上被讨论。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The student always asks his teacher a series ________ questions.
②A series of lectures ________ (be) scheduled.
③A whole series of problems ________ (have) arisen one after another.
完成句子
④A new series of wildlife programmes _________ (已经开始) on Monday evenings.
of
is/are
has/have
has started
5)sort... into把……分类成……；把……分类放入……)
(教材原句)Sort the expressions into the correct columns.
将这些表达排到正确的列中。
sort out 整理；把……安排好；挑出；解决
sort out the emails 整理电子邮件
sort out the papers to be thrown away把要扔掉的文件挑出来
sort out the problems 解决问题
The teacher sorted the students into three groups and then they played games together.
老师把学生分成三组，然后他们一起玩游戏。
List the key headings and sort them into a logical order.
列出关键标题并按逻辑顺序排列。
[词语积累]　sort n．种，类 vt.将……分类；整理
a sort of一种
all sorts/kinds of各种各样的(放在名词前)
of all sorts各种各样的(放在名词后)
sort of＝kind of有几分，有点儿；稍微(常用于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度，如feel sort of tired感到有点儿累)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①According to the date, these letters are sorted ________ different groups.
②All afternoon, my mother was busy sorting ________ my summer clothes from the wardrobe.
③After supper, we would play card games of all ________ (sort) in the sitting room.
④The price was sort ________ higher than I'd expected.
into
out　
sorts　
of　
完成句子
⑤Please ________ the children ________ (把……分成) four groups and then they can play games together.
sort
into
6)have... in common有……共同之处)
(教材原句)Do they have anything in common
它们有什么共同点吗？
They have something in common with you on this point.
在这点上，他们和你有些共同之处。
I have a lot in common with you, so we have a lot to talk about.我与你有很多共同点，所以我们有很多话题可以聊。
This case has little in common with that one, because they are independent.
这个案子和那个没有什么共同点，因为它们是独立的。
Tony, in common with many of his generation, has no very clear idea of what he wants to do in life.托尼和他同一代的许多人一样，对于一生中想要做什么毫无明确的打算。
I have nothing in common with Jane.我和简毫无共同之处。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The two textbooks have something ________ common, so you don't have to buy two.
②They had nothing in common ________ me.
③Those who have a lot ________ common can get along well.
完成句子
④______________ (和……一样)most teachers my English teacher is strict with us.
⑤It is amazing that the twins __________________________ (没有一点共同点) each other.
in　
with　
in　
In common with
have nothing in common with
7)see... doing...看到……正在做……)
(教材原句)．..we can see a horse running at high speed like a missile across the sky.
……我们可以看到一匹马像导弹一样高速飞过天空。
see...doing　　　　(主动；正在进行)
see...do (主动；全过程)
see...done (被动；已经完成)
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.
当我接近23英里时，我看到我的妻子在挥舞着一个牌子。(现在分词作补语，宾语my wife与wave之间是主动关系)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他正在花园里干活。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他在花园里干活了。(see...do结构，被动式须还原to，即sb./sth. be seen to do)
[语境助记]　
After seeing his cat beaten to death, he burst out crying.
看到小猫被打死，他嚎啕大哭。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I saw her ________(do) her homework now.
②Nobody saw the office ________ (break) into.
doing
broken
完成句子
③We last ________________ (看到那个男孩正在玩耍) near the riverbank.
④I saw little Tom ________________ (正在接受惩罚) by his parents.
⑤A car ________________ (被看到撞到了) a big tree nearby.
saw the boy playing
being punished
was seen to crash into
第三版块|典型句式
1)what引导的主语从句＋is＋that引导的表语从句)
(教材原句)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
[句式分析]　在这个句子中，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也没有任何意义。
what引导主语从句时有一定的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分；that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无任何意义。
What impresses me most is that the little boy eats 5 hamburgers within 2 minutes.让我印象最深刻的是那个小男孩两分钟之内吃掉了5个汉堡包。
What pleases me most is that he has passed the exam.
最令我高兴的是他通过了考试。
[比较]　引导名词性从句时what与that的区别：
·what既起连接作用，又充当句子成分，相当于“the＋thing(s)＋that”。
What we need most is time.(what在从句中作need的宾语)我们最需要的是时间。
·that只起连接作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，且在宾语从句中可省略。
It was a pity that his ideas didn't gain popular support.(that只起连接作用)
遗憾的是他的想法没有得到大众的支持。
[常见句式]　
What astonishes/surprises/impresses sb. (most) is that...(最)令某人震惊/吃惊/印象深刻的是……
What matters is that...
要紧的是……，重要的是……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.
②What really matters is ________ the giver should do more than simply handing over the money.
③________ annoys me most is ________ every time I turn around, he seems to be spying on me.
What　
that　
What
that　
完成句子
④______________________ (我想强调的是) our group is looking for new members right now.
⑤________________ (重要的是) we should learn something from failure.
What I want to stress is that
What's vital is that
2)现在分词作伴随状语)
(教材原句)I stood there shaking.我站在那里颤抖着。
[句式分析]　表示该动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生(现在分词短语的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致)
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from.
那人弯下腰，把花送给妻子，告诉她花是谁给她的。
Working as a volunteer teacher in the west, the girl took up growing vegetables.
在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对种菜产生了兴趣。(时间状语)
Seeing that his wife was going off to sleep, he switched off the TV.
看到他的妻子要离开去睡觉，他关掉了电视。(原因状语)
Being advised to talk less, Mary keeps silent while we talk.要是叫她少说点，当我们说话时，玛丽就会保持沉默。(条件状语)
She tried a new diet, reducing her weight.
她尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。(结果状语)
[说明]　
现在分词短语作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。其中作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He sat there for two hours, ________ (consider) how to design the advertisement.
②________ (be) ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
③________ (turn) right, you will find the place you want.
④________ (know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.
⑤The mother died, ________ (leave) a lot of money for her children.
⑥He sat at the table ________ (read) China Daily.
considering
Being
Turning
Knowing
leaving
reading
3)if so如果这样(＝if it is so))
(教材原句)If so, underline the words and phrases in the descriptions that show their common features.如果是这样，请在描述中显示其共同特征的单词和短语下面画线。
If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did.
如果这样的话，你不需要买任何东西，但是如果你买了就太好了。
If (it is) necessary I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
If (it is) possible, please bring me two pieces of bread because I'm too hungry.
如果可能的话，请给我带两片面包，因为我太饿了。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
如果有人要来的话，请告诉我有多少。
[说明]　在if, when, while, as if, though, unless等引导的状语从句中，如果谓语部分含有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it，则从句的主语和be常常一起省略。
if possible如果可能的话　　　if necessary如果必要的话
if not如果不是的话 if ever如果曾经有的话
if any如果有的话 when necessary有必要时
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I hear that we'll have a three day holiday. If ________， we are going to Mount Huang; if ________， we intend to go swimming.
②If ________， take another look at other methods you could try.
③David seldom asks his father, ________ ever, for help when in trouble.
so
not　
not　
if　
完成句子
④It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. _____ (如果这样), we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
⑤_____________ (当有必要时), you can ask your teacher for help.
If so
When necessary
4)It is＋adj.＋to do sth.)
(教材原句)It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.
很难相信凡·高一生只卖出了一幅画。
[句式分析]　it是形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)是真正主语。常用于这个句式的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，strange, important, necessary, possible等。
[句式拓展]　常见的it作形式主语的句式：
·It is ＋adj. ＋to do sth./that...
·It is ＋adj. ＋for sb./of sb.＋to do sth.
·It is ＋n. ＋to do sth./that...
·it is ＋adj./n. ＋doing sth.(no use, no good, no fun, a waste of time)
·It is ＋过去分词＋that...
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres.
②... so it is important ________ (take) careful notes during class.
③It is my duty ________ (report) it to the police.
④It's no good __________ (complain)—they never listen.
to walk
to take
to report
complaining
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What ________ (导致) you to change your mind
2．Artists translate their ideas into ________ (视觉的) images.
3．The remarkable novelist enjoyed feeling the warm sand ________ (在……下方) her feet.
4．This song is considered to be the band's ________ (代表作).
5．I would like to keep my ________ (身材) by professional exercise.
caused　
visual
beneath
masterpiece
figure
6．Frank heard the ________ (尖叫声), followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my dear, the journalist fell down！”
7．The author finds being part of the ________ (景色) and getting close to animals most uplifting about a horseback safari.
8．The actions and words of the famous performer may ________ (影响) the young.
scream
scene　
affect　
9．These red and yellow ________ (斑点) on the painting really make viewers surprised and joyous.
10．The program the singer performed last night was not a success but a ________ (失败的事).
spots　
failure
Ⅱ.短语填空
combine...with..., be surrounded by, figure out, in a creative way, let out a scream, a series of, as for, be connected to, at high speed, have something in common
1．Tom performed ____________ complex actions, which made his coach very satisfied.
2．On a broad, straight road you can travel ____________．
3．____________ Helen, she thinks the performers gave a great performance.
a series of
at high speed
As for
4．I have studied for several months, but I still can't ____________ the score.
5．He often ________ classical music ________ pop songs to express complex emotions.
6．CAI could help performers to develop thoughts ______________.
7．It is a key component of the television camera that ____________ the radio telescope.
figure out
combines
with
in a creative way
is connected to
8．The famous composer ______________ a group of journalists in the front of the theatre.
9．When she saw the fierce dog, she ____________．
10．They say that the composer and the novelist _________________．
was surrounded by
let out a scream
have something in common
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have ________ common
2．A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite ________ (lead) to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3．As ________ the working environment, Tanis prefers working by herself.
4．I made friends with the natives, and their ________ (react) amazed me.
in　
led　
for　
reaction　
5．When you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not ________ (cause) air pollution.
6．There, among many other things, Nicolo ________ (spot) two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.
7．It is traditional ________ (bring) a gift to a housewarming party.
8．Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity ________ (consume) in the US.
causing　
spotted　
to bring
consumed
9．—Sorry Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.
10．Today's ________ (figure), according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.
11．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from ________ (affect) you.
12．I had grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
should
figures
affecting
mentally
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在中国古代诗歌中，对自然万物的描述是显著的。
In ancient Chinese poems, __________________ things in nature.
2．他上学迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
_____________ he was late for school was that __________．
3．事实是我们在数学方面仍然比别的班落后。
________________ we are still falling behind the other classes in math.
it is striking to describe
The reason why
he got up late
The fact remains that
4．我们所期望的是那位著名的表演者将来会再来我们学校。
__________________ the famous performer will come to our school again in the future.
5．我们最需要的是父母和老师不断地鼓励我们。
_______________ is that our parents and teachers keep encouraging us.
What we expect is that
What we need most
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．Shortly after suffering from a m________ earthquake, the city took on a new look.
2．As for my favorite f________ in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the Qing Dynasty.
3．We should never give up in the face of ________ (失败).
massive
figure
failure
4．After a long period of nervousness, Jim became ________ (精神上) ill.
5．Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing ________ (影响) performance.
6．In addition to lecturing on theories, he uses lively cases and plenty of ________ (视觉的) tools.
mentally
affects
visual
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．I failed ________ (catch) the early bus, so I was late for work.
2．James was called to see the producer and got the job ________ the spot.
3．There's a ________ (strike) contrast between what he does and what he says.
4．It can also cause your imagination ________ (do) some fun things at times.
to catch
on　
striking　
to do
5．In ________ (react) to the phenomenon, some people called for raising the air pollution tax.
6．These sports programs attract few ________ (view), and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low.
reaction　
viewers
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
let out, play with, be full of, in one's lifetime, at high speed
1．Most mothers tell their children not to ____________ fire.
2．The notebooks ____________ drawings of all kinds of inventions.
3．I wish all of you would have a good memory of this journey ____________．
4．It is possible that the train travels ____________ without making much noise.
5．My father was looking through the paper when he suddenly ____________ a cry of surprise.
play with
are full of
in your lifetime
at high speed
let out
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．一种观点是睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。(strengthen)
One view is _________________________________．
2．上周在我们学校举办的足球比赛很成功。
The football match ______________ last week was a great success.
3．我们最需要的是科普书籍。
_______________ are popular science books.
4．亨利是和彼得一样勤奋的工人。(diligent)
Henry is a worker ___________ Peter.
that sleep helps us strengthen new memories
held in our school
What we need most
as diligent as
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68 year old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
1．What did Jennifer do after high school？(　　)
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：珍妮弗高中毕业后做什么？根据第二段中“After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (高中毕业后，珍妮弗上了一所当地的技术学院，通过工作支付她的学费)”可知C项(她供养她自己上大学)正确。A：她帮助她父亲工作；B：她独自经营家庭农场；D：她在家教她的弟弟妹妹。
2．Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield？(　　)
A．To take care of her kids easily.
B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents.
D．To find a well paid job there.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么珍妮弗选择在马什菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的课程？根据第三段中第四句“She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助她的孩子。)”可知答案为A项(更方便照看她的孩子)。B：向最优秀的护士学习；C：为给她的父母省钱；D：在那里找一份高薪的工作。
3．What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal？(　　)
A．Her health. B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation. D．Her chance of promotion.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。本题题干意为：珍妮弗为了实现她的目标牺牲了什么？根据最后一段中第二句“Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(珍妮弗为了实现她的目标而做出了牺牲，放弃了和她的孩子在一起的许多夜晚，为了学习错过了一些重要事件。)”可知B项(和家人在一起的时间)正确。A：她的健康；C：她的名声；D：她的升迁机会。
4．What can we learn from Jennifer's story？(　　)
A．Time is money. B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off. D．Education is the key to success.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们能从珍妮弗的故事中学到什么？通读全文不难看出这篇文章讲述了作为三个孩子的母亲，珍妮弗·莫尔凭借顽强的意志力坚持学习，最终获得护理学学士学位的事情。故答案为C项(付出终有回报)。A：时间就是金钱；B：爱能打破障碍；D：教育是成功的关键。
B
Do you know sand has been used to draw pictures since ancient times Today, sand painting (沙画), all interesting art，will be introduced to you.
Sand painting is an art of using sand to make a fixed or unfixed painting. Maybe we all played fixed sand painting as we were young. We first drew a simple picture, then we brushed glue (胶水) onto the section, and at last we poured colored sand onto the glue in order to make it fixed.
Unfixed sand paintings have a long cultural history around the world. People pour sand on a surface to make paintings or use some tools to draw pictures in the sand directly. They are often temporary (临时的). Different people draw sand paintings to express different meanings：love of nature, admiration for beauty, etc.
Nowadays, sand painting becomes a performance art and its popularity has risen. On the stage, sand painting performers make a series of images by drawing lines and figures in the sand with their fingers and hands. The series of images are used to tell a story.
Kseniya Simonova, who is from Ukraine, is one of the greatest sand painting performers in the world. Simonova said that she never dreamed she'd become a sand artist, and when she began practicing, she nearly gave it up. But she persevered, caring for a household by day and training every night. You Are Always Nearby is one of the most famous performances of Simonova. It is a story about a young couple separated by a war in which the soldier is tragically killed, but returns in spirit to watch over his wife and child. This performance makes all audience cry.
Art is everywhere and is not far away from common people. The art of painting is in our life, even in the sand.
5．Which of the following is necessary to make a fixed sand painting？(　　)
A．Glue. B．A printed picture.
C．Colored paper. D．Water.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“We first drew a simple picture, then we brushed glue (胶水) onto the section, and at last we poured colored sand onto the glue in order to make it fixed.”可知，在固定沙画的创作过程中，需要用胶水把沙子固定在画板上。故选A。
6．What do we know about Simonova？(　　)
A．She is the best painter in the world.
B．Being a sand artist is her biggest dream.
C．She once gave up performing for her family.
D.Her performances are popular with people.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“You Are Always Nearby is one of the most famous performances of Simonova.”可以判断她的作品非常受欢迎。故选D。
7．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？(　　)
A．How sand painting is becoming popular.
B．Why sand painting is becoming popular.
C．How images are created in a sand painting performance.
D.What sand painting tries to express.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据文章的第四段可知，本段主要讲述了非固定沙画的创作方法和过程。故选C。
8．The underlined word “persevered” can be replaced by ______.(　　)
A.set off B．gave out
C．held on D．ended up
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。前一句“and when she began practicing, she nearly gave it up”说她差一点放弃，而后面又提到了她一边照顾家庭，一边练习并创作沙画，说明她坚持了下来。故选C。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Many young people have a desire to be a driver. 1(____). Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help your teen become more comfortable behind the wheel. Below are some tips for helping your teen become a more confident driver.
2(____)
Before your teen gets behind the wheel of a car, he or she should be familiar with the rules of the road. You should have your teen review the driver's handbook and the vehicle's instruction. If your teen understands the basic rules and how the car works, then he or she will feel a little better about getting on the road.
Model good driving
Actions speak louder than words. Many people will tell you that they learned how to drive by watching one of their close family members drive. 3(____)．
Practice
Practice makes perfect. The more your teen practices, the more confident he or she will become. Your teen should start off by driving in a place that is free of barriers. 4(____). After your teen has gotten comfortable about this, he or she can start practicing on the road.
Drive in a variety of conditions
In order to become a good driver, your teen has to practice driving in a variety of conditions. 5(____)．
Get car insurance
Many teens are worried about how much their parents would have to pay if an accident occurred. You should explain to your teen that car insurance can help one save a lot of money.
A．Let your teen finish school before he or she gets on the road
B．However, some of them are nervous about actually getting out on the road
C.You should show good driving techniques with examples
D.Teach your teen the rules of the road
E．An empty parking lot is a good place for a new driver to practice
F.These include things such as heavy traffic, bad weather and freeways
G.Everyone should be considerate (体贴的) towards others on the road
1．答案：B
解析：根据本空前的“Many young people have a desire to be a driver.”及本空后的“Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help your teen become more comfortable behind the wheel.”可知，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，说的是一些人开车上路时感到紧张，故B项符合语境。
2．答案：D
解析：根据本空后的“Before your teen gets behind the wheel of a car, he or she should be familiar with the rules of the road.”可知，本段讲的是教孩子交通规则，故D项符合语境。
3．答案：C
解析：根据本段中的“Actions speak louder than words”可知，此处是说以身示范去教孩子，故C项符合语境。
4．答案：E
解析：根据本空前的“Your teen should start off by driving in a place that is free of barriers.”可知，此处承接上文，举例说明一个练车的好地方，故E项符合语境。
5．答案：F
解析：根据本空前的“In order to become a good driver, your teen has to practice driving in a variety of conditions.”可知，此处承接上文，具体解释“a variety of conditions”包含的情况，故F项符合语境。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
It was raining lightly when I 1.________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 2.___________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 3.________ (it) choking (窒息的) fog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
arrived　
before/earlier
its　
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5.________ (painting). Instead, I'd go straight to Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 6.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
that/which
paintings
by　
Yangshuo 7.________ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 8.________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor considers Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9.________ (regular) arranges quick holidays here for people 10.________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
is　
conducted　
regularly　
livingSection B　Lesson 1　Masterpieces
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 人像，人形；数字
2．____________ vt. 影响
3．____________ n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍 vt. 找到，发现
4．____________ n. 尖叫，尖叫声 vi. & vt. 高声喊出
5．____________ vt. 导致，引起；使发生 n. 原因；事业
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．star n．星星vt.主演→________ adj.布满星星的
2．mental adj.精神的→________ adv.精神上；心理上
3．mass n．大量；许多→________ adj.巨大的
4．fail v．失败→________ n．失败的事；失败
5．strike v．给……以(深刻)印象→________ adj.惊人的；显著的
6．view v．观看→________ n．观看者
7．burn v．燃烧→________ adj.燃烧着的
8．mystery n．神秘；不可思议→________ adj.神秘的；难以解释的
9．visual adj.视觉的，视力的→________ adv.外表上；直观地
10．react v．反应→________ n．反应
11．master＋piece→________ n．杰作；代表作
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．lead sb. to do sth. ________________
2．sense of sight ________________
3．in one's lifetime ________________
4．with an expression of fear ________________
5．let out a scream ________________
6．a mysterious scene ________________
7．a visual experiment ________________
8．different reactions ________________
9．as for ________________
10．sort...into ________________
11．hold an exhibition ________________
12．at high speed ________________
13．in black ink ________________
14．in a creative way ________________
15．be painted with ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 被设置在……；背景是……
2．________________ 与……有联系；与……连接
3．________________ 心理健康问题
4．________________ 一系列的；一连串的
5．________________ 被……包围
6．________________ 有共同之处
7．________________ 共同的特点/特征
8．________________ 你对……有何看法？
9．________________ 发展……的传统
10．________________ 把……与……结合起来
11．________________ 用脑/手
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1. What can't be found in Van Gogh's The Starry Night
A．Clouds. B．Circles. C．Stars. 　 D．Bridges.
2．According to the experts, what leads to Van Gogh's unusual use of colour
A．His sense of sight. B．Drugs.
C．His unusual talent. D．His life experience.
3．In Edvard Munch's opinion，what was the inspiration for him to create The Scream
A.A shocking disaster.
B．One journey with his friends.
C．His mental health problems.
D．The beautiful scene in the country.
4．Which of the following words can't be used to describe The Empire of Light when people enjoy it
A.Dark. B．Troubling.
C．Convincing. D．Calming.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh when he was 1.________ (mental) ill. He painted clouds, stars, a moon as well as the 2.________ (mass) circles of white and yellow 3.________ (race) across the sky. The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous 4.________ (painting).
What makes The Scream striking is that it shows a thin figure 5.________ an expression of fear. The figure 6.________ (set) on a bridge above a dark, 7.________ (storm) sea, and against a burning orange red sky. Many experts say the painting is connected to Munch's mental health problems, 8.________ caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by René Magritte. It shows a house 9.________ (light) by lights from inside, 10.________ (surround) by the darkness of night. Viewers have different reactions towards the paintings.
[词汇注释]
①starry/'stɑ ri/adj.布满星星的
②mentally/'ment li/adv.精神上；心理上
physical and mental
身体和精神上的
③massive/'m s v/adj.
巨大的(＝very large)
④beneath/b 'ni θ/prep.
& adv.在……(正)下方
⑤lead sb. to do sth.
引导某人做某事
⑥affect/ 'fekt/vt.影响
may have affected可能已经影响了(“情态动词＋完成时”表示对过去事情的推测)
⑦sense of sight视觉
⑧drug n．药物，药材
⑨spot/sp t/n.(圆)点；斑点；污渍
⑩failure/'fe lj /n.失败的事；失败
failure原为不可数名词，这里用作可数名词，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“失败的人(或事物)”。
scream/skri m/n.尖叫，尖叫声vi. & vt.高声喊出
striking/'stra k /adj.惊人的；显著的
with an expression of fear带着恐惧的表情
let out a scream发出尖叫声
let out发出(声音)；放出(气体等)；泄露；出租
viewer/'vju /n.观看者
be set on/in/against
被设置在……；背景是……
burning/'b n /adj.燃烧着的
be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接
cause/k z/vt.导致，引起；使发生n．原因；事业
cause sb. a lot of pain给某人带来巨大痛苦
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
empire/'empa /n.
帝国；大企业
a series of一系列的；一连串的
scene/si n/n.景色
(be) surrounded by
被……包围
mysterious/m 'st ri s/adj.神秘的；难以解释的
visual/'v u l/adj.视觉的，视力的
reaction/ri' k n/n.反应
reaction to对……的反应
as for关于，至于
as for sb./sth.就某人/某物而言，至于某人/某物
[教材原文]
The Starry① Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally② ill. Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn't just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive③ circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath④ this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
His unusual use of colour has led experts to⑤ think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑥ his sense of sight⑦. He also took a drug⑧ that can make people see yellow spots⑨， just like the stars in The Starry Night.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh's unique paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime. He also thought The Starry Night was a failure⑩. However,__the__fact__remains__that__The__Starry__Night__is__now__one__of__the__world's__most__famous__paintings 【1】．
【1】句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容，remain是不及物动词。此句中，从句较长，为保持句子平衡，将从句置于谓语动词之后。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What__makes__it__striking __is__that__it__shows__a__thin__figure__with__an__expression__of __fear 【2】—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream . The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer . This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange red sky.
【2】句中What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句
In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by Belgian artist Ren? Magritte between 1953 and 1954. He painted the same scene 27 times. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality. His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Others, however, find them calming. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. “I call this power: poetry，” he said.
[汉语译文]
《星(starry)空》是文森特·凡·高(Vincent van Gogh)于1889年6月在一家精神(mentally)病院里创作的。凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象——有云、星星和月亮的夜空。然而，除了云之外，他还在天空中画了相互追逐的、巨大的(massive)白色和黄色光圈。星星和月亮在夜空中熠熠生辉。在这片令人惊叹的夜空下(beneath)，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响(affect)了他的视力。他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点(spot)，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
不幸的是，凡·高独特的画作在当时并不是很受欢迎，他在有生之年只卖出了一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败(failure)的作品，而现在事实是《星空》是世界上最著名的画作之一。
《呐喊(scream)》是爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch)于1893年创作的。这幅画富有冲击力(striking惊人的)，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声(let out a scream)。这个人捂住了自己的耳朵，直直地看向观看者(viewer)。人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、波涛汹涌的海面，背景是燃烧的(burning)橙红色天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上；天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着，然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。”
许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来(cause)巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
《灯之王国(empire)》是比利时画家勒内·马格利特(René Magritte)的一系列绘画作品之一。1953年至1954年间，同样的场景(scene)他画了27次。画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里灯光明亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。这个场景看起来非常神秘(mysterious)。
马格利特的灵感来自个人思想和想法的启发。他尝试戏谑现实，他的画作是一个个视觉(visual)实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
观众对《灯之王国》的反应(reaction)不同。有些人觉得这些画看起来很黑暗，令人不安。而有些人则觉得这些画让人感到平静。马格利特本人则认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。他说：“我称之为诗意的力量。”
第一版块|核心单词
1)figure n．人像，人形；人物；身材；数字；图形　vt.计算；认为)
(教材原句)a thin figure一个瘦弱的身影
have a good figure 有一个好身材
keep one's figure 保持身材
watch one's figure 注意保持身材
a figure in black 一个黑衣人影
a leading/key figure 领军/关键人物
a five sided figure 五边形
a geometric figure 几何图形
unemployment/sales/trade figures 失业/销售/贸易数字(据)
figure out 计算出；弄清楚，弄明白
I figure (that)... 我认为……
In the moonlight, I saw a figure standing in the shadows.
月光下，我看见阴暗处站着一个人。
He sat down at his desk to work out the exact figures.
他在办公桌前坐下来计算出确切的数字。
How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？她吃得这么多，是怎样保持身材的？
I drew geometric figures under the guidance of my maths teacher.在数学老师的指导下，我画了几何图形。
It didn't take the children long to figure out the correct answer.
孩子们没有花很长时间就算出了正确的答案。
They figured (that) it was better to stay where they were.
他们认为最好还是待在原地不动。
[语境助记]　I didn't really mean my friend is a little sheep; it was just a figure of speech.我并非真的说我的朋友是只小绵羊，这不过是种形象化的说法。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The passage has many ________ (figure) to help explain the conclusion.
②We ________ (figure) that he would arrive at around two o'clock.
③It is difficult to figure ________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.
写出句中figure的词性及词义
④He is an important political figure in the Chinese history.________
⑤The figure of the books on show is 108.________
⑥I figure that what we can do is wait.________
⑦She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.________
完成句子
⑧—I wonder how Mary has ________________ (保持身材) after all these years.
—By working out every day.
2)beneath prep.在……(正)下方；被……覆盖；低于；配不上，不值得　adv.在下方；在底下)
(教材原句)Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.在这片令人惊叹的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
beneath the surface of the earth 在地表之下
disappear beneath the waves 消失在波涛中
live beneath the same roof 住在同一幢房子里
the warm sand beneath her feet 她脚下温暖的沙子
look at the river beneath 看着下面的河
beneath the weight of 在……的重压下
We looked down from the mountain to the valley beneath.
我们从山上看下面的山谷。
[比较]　beneath/below/under
这些词均可表示“在……下面”。
·beneath书面用词，指“在……之下”，其反义词是on；
·below指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽；
·under普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含“垂直在下”的意思。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack hid the letter ________ a pile of papers.
②She looked out of the window at the children playing ________．
写出句中beneath的词性及词义
③On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album.________
④They found the ball buried beneath a pile of leaves.________
⑤To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouth watering.________
3)affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭，使感染)
affect one's health/life/decision 影响某人的健康/生活/决定
the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区
a disease that affects older people 侵扰老年人的疾病
be (deeply) affected by... 被……(深深)打动
affected area 被感染/受影响的地区
These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
She was deeply affected by the sad story.
她被那个悲伤的故事深深地打动了。
The affected skin turns red and may blister.
受感染的皮肤会变红，还有可能起水疱。
[比较]　affect/effect/influence
·affect vt.指影响大，着重动作，有时指不利影响；
Late payment may affect your credit.
逾期还款可能会影响你的信誉。
·effect n. & vt.用作名词，指“影响，结果”。用作动词，指“引起，使发生”；
Playing computer games too much has a bad effect on him.玩太多电脑游戏对他有不好的影响。
·influence n. & vt.指潜移默化的影响。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions of people.他的著作影响了数百万人的生活。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The period of transition is always difficult for those ________ (affect).
②Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing ________ (affect) performance.
③Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life ________ (affect).
选词填空：affect/effect/influence
④Her opinion will not ________ my decision.
⑤Medicines sometimes have unpleasant side ________．
⑥Newspapers ________ the current of thought.
完成句子
⑦The students ________________ (被……打动) the soldier's heroic deeds.
4)failure n．失败的事/人；失败；不及格；未做；衰竭；故障)
(教材原句)He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.
他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。
end in failure 以失败告终
heart/kidney failure 心力衰竭/肾衰竭
learn through failure 从失败中学习
power failure 停电，断电
consider oneself a failure 认为自己是个失败者
admit/accept failure 承认/接受失败
fail vi. 失败；没做成某事；衰退
vt. 辜负；不及格，评定不及格
The marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.这是段失败的婚姻，他们俩都想从中解放出来。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。(谚)
He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他每周都给母亲写信。
I passed history but failed chemistry.
我通过了历史考试，但化学不及格。
[说明]　failure作“失败”讲时，为抽象名词，用作不可数名词，但作“失败的人或事”讲时，用作可数名词，这种用法叫作抽象名词具体化。
The failure of the bank caused a panic in the town.
这家银行的破产在城区引起了恐慌。
As a writer, he was a complete failure．
作为作家，他是个完全失败的人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________ (failure).
②It soon became clear that the programme was ________ failure.
③________ (fail) is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.
④He failed ________ (go) to school in time because of the weather.
完成句子
⑤As she is getting older, ________________________(她的视力开始下降).
5)scream n．尖叫，尖叫声　vi. & vt.高声喊出)
(教材原句)The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。
scream at... 向……大声叫喊
scream for... 为了……尖声地叫喊
scream for help 高呼求救，喊救命
let out a scream 发出尖叫声
scream out (that) 尖声发出……
I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.我给了房主一份猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时尖叫的录音。
She screamed when she saw the robber.她看到强盗时尖叫起来。
The wind was screaming outside.外面风在呼啸。
He screamed at the children for making noise.
他因孩子们发出吵闹声而冲他们大声叫喊。
[语境助记]
When she saw a snake on the rock, she screamed for help.
当她看到岩石上有一条蛇时，她尖叫着求救。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her loud ________ (scream) could be heard all over the house.
②She screamed ________ that she had lost her passport.
③He screamed ________ his wife to call an ambulance.
④The driver screamed ________ him to get off the bus.
完成句子
⑤The patient let out ________________________ (痛苦的尖叫声).
⑥He ________________________ (尖声发出) a warning.
6)cause vt.导致，引起；使发生　n．原因；事业)
cause sb. trouble/problems 给某人带来麻烦/问题
cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事
cause and effect 因果
a/the cause of... ……的原因
with/without good cause 理由充分/无缘无故
There is no cause for... 没有理由……
The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up.
干旱导致蔬菜价格上涨。
The cause of the crash was given as engine failure.
撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。
There is no cause for complaint.没有理由抱怨。
There are lots of ways to raise public awareness for a cause.有很多方法可以加强公众对一项事业的认识。
[比较]　cause/reason/excuse(n.)
cause指某事发生的原因或做某事的理由，常与of或for连用；
The drugs tend to cause drowsiness.这些药常常使人昏昏欲睡。
·reason指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释，常与for连用；
She gives no reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么作出这个决定。
·excuse指为自己的行为所作的辩解或给出的借口、理由，常与for连用。
Birthdays are always a good excuse for a party.
生日总是聚会的好理由。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have no cause ________ complaint.
②World peace is ________ cause we should all work for.
③Police are investigating the ________ (cause) of the explosion.
④His illness caused him ________ (miss) the game.
⑤A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it ________ (cause) drove away a number of birds.
选词填空：cause/reason/excuse
⑥There's no ________ for such behaviour.
⑦Unemployment was the chief ________ of poverty.
⑧As always, Peter had a ________ for his action.
7)scene n．景色，景象；场景，场面；场；发生地点，现场)
(教材原句)He painted the same scene 27 times.
同样的场景他画了27次。
at the scene 在现场
on the scene 当场；在现场；到现场
behind the scenes 在幕后
scenic adj. 风景好的；舞台布景的
He drew a picture of wintry scene.他画了一幅冬天景色的画。
The curtain is lowered at the end of each scene.
每场结束时，帷幕都落下。
There was a witness at the scene.在现场有一位目击证人。
Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
消防队员立刻赶到现场。
He preferred to work behind the scenes.他更喜欢在幕后工作。
There was a sea of faces on every scenic spot in China during the Spring Festival.春节期间，中国的每个景点都人山人海。
[比较]　scene/scenery/sight/view
·scene是scenery的一部分，往往包括其中的人物及活动，是可数名词；
·scenery指某一地区的总的自然景色，是不可数名词；
·sight指“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观；
·view指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色，是可数名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We missed the first few ________ (scene) of the film.
②By the time I arrived ________ the scene, it was all over.
③The ________ (scene) beauty of the place fascinated the visitors.
④The murder suspect couldn't explain away his fingerprints ________ the scene.
选词填空：scene/scenery/sight/view
⑤We saw the ________ of Hong Kong by bus.
⑥From the window there was a clear ________ of the mountains.
⑦There are some pretty ________ in the park.
⑧The area is remarkable for its ________.
8)reaction n．反应　react vi.回应；发生反应)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.观众对《灯之王国》的反应不同。
a reaction to... 对……的反应
in reaction to... 作为对……的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a positive/negative reaction 积极的/消极的反应
mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应
Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
A spokesman said these changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.
一位发言人表示，这些变动并非针对公司最近的亏损而作出的反应。
How did the students react to the monitor's suggestion
同学们对班长的提议有何反应？
My father never saved money and perhaps I reacted against that.我父亲从不攒钱，也许我反对这种做法。
[语境助记]　
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶有恶报。
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rise in oil costs reacted ________ the price of food.
②All new fashion starts out as ________ reaction against existing convention.
③Children tend to react ________ their parents by going against their wish.
④People's reaction ________ the film has varied greatly.
⑤The water was reacting ________ the ferrous iron in the tank.
⑥In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
完成句子
⑦Children sometimes ________ (反对) the thing their parents believe in.
第二版块|重要短语
1)lead sb. to do引导某人做某事)
(教材原句)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。
lead sb. to... 领某人到……；引导某人得出……
lead to 通向；导致
lead a(n) ...life 过着……的生活
The teacher led me to finish the academic report.
老师带领我完成了学业报告。
[说明]　
“导致，引起”的多种表达：result in; bring about; contribute to
Carelessness often results in/brings about/contributes to failure.粗心往往导致失败。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The guide dog led the blind ________ (walk) on the road.
②What do you think led the professor ________ this conclusion
③False fire alarms are illegal and may lead ________ imprisonment.
完成句子
④The prince and princess ______________________________ (过着幸福的生活) in the castle.
⑤A bird hit the plane glass, which ________________________________ (导致了) the air crash.
2)let out发出；放出；泄露；出租)
let alone 更不用说
let down 使失望；放下；降低
let go of 放开；松手；放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制)
When she saw him, she let out a cry of horror.
当看到他时，她发出了惊恐的叫声。
Keep this to yourself; don't let it out to the press.
你要保守秘密，别把它泄露给新闻界。
Farm machinery is let out by the week.农业机器按周出租。
The boy was persuaded to let out the bird.
人们说服那男孩放了那只鸟。
I can't speak English, let alone French or German.
我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。
[语境助记]
He won't let you down; he's reliable.
他值得信赖，不会让你失望。
He let go of the coat and it fell in the water.
他的手一松，手里的外套就掉到水里了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's good to let ________ your feelings in a shout.
②He lacks necessities, let ________ luxuries.
③He is a bit let ________ by the low grades he got.
写出句中let out的含义
④After six years they let him out for good behaviour.________
⑤Boats are let out from the boathouse by the lake for 2 dollars per hour.________
⑥Jane let out where she had hidden her father's birthday present.________
3)be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接)
(教材原句)Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions.
充足的睡眠与一般的健康状况有关。
The breakdown of this computer was connected with some software.这台电脑的故障与一些软件有关。
The two island are connected by a bridge.
这两座岛被一座桥连在一起。
[拓展]　
connect... with/to/and... 把……跟……联系起来
make connection with与……联系上(connection n．联系，关联；连接)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These appliances should not be connected ________ power supplies.
②We often connect his name ________ the fantastic invention.
③He did everything ________ (connect) with farming.
④With some books, you may feel a ________ (connect) right away.
完成句子
⑤What he does can't ________________ (有联系) what he says.
⑥________________ (有一种联系) between her unhealthy diet and her poor health.
4)a series of一系列……)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings... 《灯之王国》是一系列绘画作品之一……
a series of articles 一系列文章
a series of experiments/studies/tests 一系列实验/研究/测试
TV series 电视连续剧
A series of attacks has sharpened fears of more violence.
一连串的袭击事件增加了人们对发生更多暴力事件的担心。
[说明]　series单复数形式相同。“a series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；现代英语中有时也用复数，如强调个体成员时。
A series of problems is to be discussed at the meeting.
一系列问题即将在会议上被讨论。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The student always asks his teacher a series ________ questions.
②A series of lectures ________ (be) scheduled.
③A whole series of problems ________ (have) arisen one after another.
完成句子
④A new series of wildlife programmes ________________ (已经开始) on Monday evenings.
5)sort... into把……分类成……；把……分类放入……)
(教材原句)Sort the expressions into the correct columns.
将这些表达排到正确的列中。
sort out 整理；把……安排好；挑出；解决
sort out the emails 整理电子邮件
sort out the papers to be thrown away把要扔掉的文件挑出来
sort out the problems 解决问题
The teacher sorted the students into three groups and then they played games together.
老师把学生分成三组，然后他们一起玩游戏。
List the key headings and sort them into a logical order.
列出关键标题并按逻辑顺序排列。
[词语积累]　sort n．种，类 vt.将……分类；整理
a sort of一种
all sorts/kinds of各种各样的(放在名词前)
of all sorts各种各样的(放在名词后)
sort of＝kind of有几分，有点儿；稍微(常用于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度，如feel sort of tired感到有点儿累)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①According to the date, these letters are sorted ________ different groups.
②All afternoon, my mother was busy sorting ________ my summer clothes from the wardrobe.
③After supper, we would play card games of all ________ (sort) in the sitting room.
④The price was sort ________ higher than I'd expected.
完成句子
⑤Please ________ the children ________ (把……分成) four groups and then they can play games together.
6)have... in common有……共同之处)
(教材原句)Do they have anything in common
它们有什么共同点吗？
They have something in common with you on this point.
在这点上，他们和你有些共同之处。
I have a lot in common with you, so we have a lot to talk about.我与你有很多共同点，所以我们有很多话题可以聊。
This case has little in common with that one, because they are independent.
这个案子和那个没有什么共同点，因为它们是独立的。
Tony, in common with many of his generation, has no very clear idea of what he wants to do in life.托尼和他同一代的许多人一样，对于一生中想要做什么毫无明确的打算。
I have nothing in common with Jane.我和简毫无共同之处。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The two textbooks have something ________ common, so you don't have to buy two.
②They had nothing in common ________ me.
③Those who have a lot ________ common can get along well.
完成句子
④____________________ (和……一样)most teachers my English teacher is strict with us.
⑤It is amazing that the twins ________________ (没有一点共同点) each other.
7)see... doing...看到……正在做……)
(教材原句)．..we can see a horse running at high speed like a missile across the sky.
……我们可以看到一匹马像导弹一样高速飞过天空。
see...doing　　　　(主动；正在进行)
see...do (主动；全过程)
see...done (被动；已经完成)
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.
当我接近23英里时，我看到我的妻子在挥舞着一个牌子。(现在分词作补语，宾语my wife与wave之间是主动关系)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他正在花园里干活。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他在花园里干活了。(see...do结构，被动式须还原to，即sb./sth. be seen to do)
[语境助记]　
After seeing his cat beaten to death, he burst out crying.
看到小猫被打死，他嚎啕大哭。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I saw her ________(do) her homework now.
②Nobody saw the office ________ (break) into.
完成句子
③We last ________________ (看到那个男孩正在玩耍) near the riverbank.
④I saw little Tom ________________ (正在接受惩罚) by his parents.
⑤A car ________________ (被看到撞到了) a big tree nearby.
第三版块|典型句式
1)what引导的主语从句＋is＋that引导的表语从句)
(教材原句)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
[句式分析]　在这个句子中，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也没有任何意义。
what引导主语从句时有一定的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分；that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无任何意义。
What impresses me most is that the little boy eats 5 hamburgers within 2 minutes.让我印象最深刻的是那个小男孩两分钟之内吃掉了5个汉堡包。
What pleases me most is that he has passed the exam.
最令我高兴的是他通过了考试。
[比较]　引导名词性从句时what与that的区别：
·what既起连接作用，又充当句子成分，相当于“the＋thing(s)＋that”。
What we need most is time.(what在从句中作need的宾语)我们最需要的是时间。
·that只起连接作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，且在宾语从句中可省略。
It was a pity that his ideas didn't gain popular support.(that只起连接作用)
遗憾的是他的想法没有得到大众的支持。
[常见句式]　
What astonishes/surprises/impresses sb. (most) is that...(最)令某人震惊/吃惊/印象深刻的是……
What matters is that...
要紧的是……，重要的是……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.
②What really matters is ________ the giver should do more than simply handing over the money.
③________ annoys me most is ________ every time I turn around, he seems to be spying on me.
完成句子
④________________ (我想强调的是) our group is looking for new members right now.
⑤________________ (重要的是) we should learn something from failure.
2)现在分词作伴随状语)
(教材原句)I stood there shaking.我站在那里颤抖着。
[句式分析]　表示该动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生(现在分词短语的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致)
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from.
那人弯下腰，把花送给妻子，告诉她花是谁给她的。
Working as a volunteer teacher in the west, the girl took up growing vegetables.
在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对种菜产生了兴趣。(时间状语)
Seeing that his wife was going off to sleep, he switched off the TV.
看到他的妻子要离开去睡觉，他关掉了电视。(原因状语)
Being advised to talk less, Mary keeps silent while we talk.要是叫她少说点，当我们说话时，玛丽就会保持沉默。(条件状语)
She tried a new diet, reducing her weight.
她尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。(结果状语)
[说明]　
现在分词短语作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。其中作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He sat there for two hours, ________ (consider) how to design the advertisement.
②________ (be) ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
③________ (turn) right, you will find the place you want.
④________ (know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.
⑤The mother died, ________ (leave) a lot of money for her children.
⑥He sat at the table ________ (read) China Daily.
3)if so如果这样(＝if it is so))
(教材原句)If so, underline the words and phrases in the descriptions that show their common features.如果是这样，请在描述中显示其共同特征的单词和短语下面画线。
If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did.
如果这样的话，你不需要买任何东西，但是如果你买了就太好了。
If (it is) necessary I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
If (it is) possible, please bring me two pieces of bread because I'm too hungry.
如果可能的话，请给我带两片面包，因为我太饿了。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
如果有人要来的话，请告诉我有多少。
[说明]　在if, when, while, as if, though, unless等引导的状语从句中，如果谓语部分含有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it，则从句的主语和be常常一起省略。
if possible如果可能的话　　　if necessary如果必要的话
if not如果不是的话 if ever如果曾经有的话
if any如果有的话 when necessary有必要时
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I hear that we'll have a three day holiday. If ________， we are going to Mount Huang; if ________， we intend to go swimming.
②If ________， take another look at other methods you could try.
③David seldom asks his father, ________ ever, for help when in trouble.
完成句子
④It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ____________________ (如果这样), we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
⑤________________________________(当有必要时), you can ask your teacher for help.
4)It is＋adj.＋to do sth.)
(教材原句)It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.
很难相信凡·高一生只卖出了一幅画。
[句式分析]　it是形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)是真正主语。常用于这个句式的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，strange, important, necessary, possible等。
[句式拓展]　常见的it作形式主语的句式：
·It is ＋adj. ＋to do sth./that...
·It is ＋adj. ＋for sb./of sb.＋to do sth.
·It is ＋n. ＋to do sth./that...
·it is ＋adj./n. ＋doing sth.(no use, no good, no fun, a waste of time)
·It is ＋过去分词＋that...
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres.
②... so it is important ________ (take) careful notes during class.
③It is my duty ________ (report) it to the police.
④It's no good ________ (complain)—they never listen.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What ________ (导致) you to change your mind
2．Artists translate their ideas into ________ (视觉的) images.
3．The remarkable novelist enjoyed feeling the warm sand ________ (在……下方) her feet.
4．This song is considered to be the band's ________ (代表作).
5．I would like to keep my ________ (身材) by professional exercise.
6．Frank heard the ________ (尖叫声), followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my dear, the journalist fell down！”
7．The author finds being part of the ________ (景色) and getting close to animals most uplifting about a horseback safari.
8．The actions and words of the famous performer may ________ (影响) the young.
9．These red and yellow ________ (斑点) on the painting really make viewers surprised and joyous.
10．The program the singer performed last night was not a success but a ________ (失败的事).
Ⅱ.短语填空
combine...with..., be surrounded by, figure out, in a creative way, let out a scream, a series of, as for, be connected to, at high speed, have something in common
1．Tom performed ____________ complex actions, which made his coach very satisfied.
2．On a broad, straight road you can travel ____________．
3．____________ Helen, she thinks the performers gave a great performance.
4．I have studied for several months, but I still can't ____________ the score.
5．He often ________ classical music ________ pop songs to express complex emotions.
6．CAI could help performers to develop thoughts ____________.
7．It is a key component of the television camera that ____________ the radio telescope.
8．The famous composer ____________ a group of journalists in the front of the theatre.
9．When she saw the fierce dog, she ____________．
10．They say that the composer and the novelist ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have ________ common
2．A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite ________ (lead) to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3．As ________ the working environment, Tanis prefers working by herself.
4．I made friends with the natives, and their ________ (react) amazed me.
5．When you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not ________ (cause) air pollution.
6．There, among many other things, Nicolo ________ (spot) two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.
7．It is traditional ________ (bring) a gift to a housewarming party.
8．Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity ________ (consume) in the US.
9．—Sorry Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.
10．Today's ________ (figure), according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.
11．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from ________ (affect) you.
12．I had grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在中国古代诗歌中，对自然万物的描述是显著的。
In ancient Chinese poems, ______________________________________ things in nature.
2．他上学迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
________________________ he was late for school was that ________________________．
3．事实是我们在数学方面仍然比别的班落后。
________________________ we are still falling behind the other classes in math.
4．我们所期望的是那位著名的表演者将来会再来我们学校。
______________________ the famous performer will come to our school again in the future.
5．我们最需要的是父母和老师不断地鼓励我们。
________________________ is that our parents and teachers keep encouraging us.
Section B　Lesson 1 Masterpieces
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．figure　2.affect　3.spot　4.scream　5.cause
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．starry　2.mentally　3.massive　4.failure　5.striking
6．viewer　7.burning　8.mysterious　9.visually　10.reaction
11．masterpiece
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．引导某人做某事　2.视觉　3.在某人的有生之年
4．带着恐惧的表情　5.发出尖叫声　6.神秘的景色/场景
7．视觉实验　8.不同的反应　9.关于，至于
10．把……分类成；把……分类放入　11.举办一个展览
12．以高速　13.用黑色墨水　14.创造性地；以创造性的方式
15．被涂上……
1．be set on/in/against　2.be connected to
3．mental health problems　4.a series of
5．(be) surrounded by　6.have something in common
7．common features　8.What's your opinion of...
9．develop the tradition of...　bine...with...
11．with one's brain/hands
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D　2.A　3.B　4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．mentally　2.massive　3.racing　4.paintings　5.with
6．is set　7.stormy　8.which　9.lit　10.surrounded
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①figures　②figured　③out　④名词，人物　⑤名词，数字
⑥动词，认为　⑦名词，身材　⑧kept her figure
2．①beneath　②beneath　③副词，在……底下
④介词，被……覆盖　⑤介词，在……下方
3．①affected　②affects　③is affected　④affect/influence　⑤effects　⑥influence/affect　⑦were affected by
4．①failures　②a　③Failure　④to go
⑤her sight is beginning to fail
5．①screams　②out　③at　④at　⑤a scream of pain
⑥screamed out
6．①for　②a　③cause(s)　④to miss　⑤caused　⑥excuse
⑦cause　⑧reason
7．①scenes　②on　③scenic　④at　⑤sights　⑥view
⑦scenes　⑧scenery
8．①on/upon　②a　③against　④to　⑤with　⑥reaction　⑦react against
第二版块|重要短语
1．①to walk　②to　③to　④led a happy life
⑤led to/resulted in/brought about/contributed to
2．①out　②alone　③down　④放出，释放　⑤出租　⑥泄露
3．①to　②with　③connected　④connection
⑤be connected with　⑥There is a connection
4．①of　②is/are　③has/have　④has started
5．①into　②out　③sorts　④of　⑤sort; into
6．①in　②with　③in　④In common with
⑤have nothing in common with
7．①doing　②broken　③saw the boy playing
④being punished　⑤was seen to crash into
第三版块|典型句式
1．①What　②that　③What; that　④What I want to stress is that　⑤What's vital is that
2．①considering　②Being　③Turning　④Knowing
⑤leaving　⑥reading
3．①so; not　②not　③if　④If so　⑤When necessary
4．①to walk　②to take　③to report　④complaining
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．caused　2.visual　3.beneath　4.masterpiece　5.figure　6.scream　7.scene　8.affect　9.spots　10.failure
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．a series of　2.at high speed　3.As for　4.figure out
5．combines; with　6.in a creative way　7.is connected to
8．was surrounded by　9.let out a scream
10．have something in common
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．in　2.led　3.for　4.reaction　5.causing　6.spotted　
7．to bring　8.consumed　9.should　10.figures　11.affecting
12．mentally
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．it is striking to describe　2.The reason why; he got up late
3．The fact remains that　4.What we expect is that
5．What we need most
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