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Unit 5　Into the unknown
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Every day people joined archaeologists and artists in finding some of the year’s most dramatic discoveries.Below are some examples.
“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces
Archaeologists discovered 18,000 ink-carved pieces of pottery—known as “Ostraca”—at the site of Athribis,and among them were hundreds of fragments (碎片) with a single symbol repeated front and back.
Those scribbles (潦草的文字) are evidence of “naughty pupils” being made to write lines,according to researchers of Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen.The fragments also included receipts,school texts,trade information and lists of names.
Vincent Willem van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait
There is one more known Vincent Willem van Gogh’s self-portrait in the world,and it was hidden behind a painting of a peasant woman.People made the discovery when they took an X-ray of one of his portraits and discovered the artist’s own image behind layers of cardboard and glue.While X-rays often reveal how artists changed their compositions,the full self-portrait of Vincent Willem van Gogh came as a huge surprise,who was known to reuse canvases (画布) to save money.
Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui
The Sanxingdui archaeological site has produced thousands of relics.The discovery,
reported by Chinese state media in June 2022 includes 3,155 objects,a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them.A team has been digging six places of the site,turning up more than 13,000 objects so far.In 2021,the relics they uncovered included a golden mask,
ivory artifacts and a jade knife.The Sanxingdui culture still remains mysterious,as it left behind no written records or human remains,though many believe it to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu,which ruled along the upper stream of the Yangtze River until it was conquered.
(　　)1.What led to the researchers’ conclusion about the fragments
[A] The repeated symbol.
[B] Trade information.
[C] Lists of pupils’ names.
[D] The mark of ink.
(　　)2.Why did Vincent Willem van Gogh hide his self-portrait in a painting
[A] To keep away from X-rays.
[B] To save money.
[C] To make his works more mysterious.
[D] To help people find his composition.
(　　)3.Which is the unearthed relic of 2022 in Sanxingdui
[A] A jade knife.
[B] A golden mask.
[C] A written record.
[D] A turtle shell-shaped box.
B
Humans have sailed the oceans’ surfaces for millennia,but their depths remain effectively uncharted.Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution.Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons (峡谷).
So a group of researchers has recruited some deep-diving experts:elephant seals and Weddell seals.Scientists have been placing trackers on these blubbery marine mammals around Antarctica for years,gathering data on ocean temperature and salinity.For a study,the researchers compared these dives’ location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps.They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps—meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.
In eastern Antarctica’s Vincennes Bay,the diving seals helped the scientists find a large,
hidden underwater canyon.An Australian research ship later measured the canyon’s exact depth using sonar,and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon—honouring both the ship and the involved elephant seals,genus (动植物的属) Mirounga.
But seals can’t map the entire ocean floor.The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal’s geographical location only within about 1.5 miles.Plus,because the seals don’t always dive to the bottom of the ocean,they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps—not shallower.McMahon notes that scientists could improve on these data by using more precise BDS trackers and analysing the seals’ diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped descending.
The current seal-dive data can still be valuable for an important task,says an oceanographer.“The deep ocean around Antarctica is warmer than the frigid waters at the surface,and seafloor canyons can allow that warmer water to flow to the ice along the continent’s coast,” the oceanographer explains.“To predict how Antarctica’s ice will melt,
scientists will need to know where those canyons are and how deep they go.”
(　　)4.What problem is mentioned at the beginning of the text
[A] Lack of the map.
[B] Not enough tools.
[C] Ineffective charts.
[D] Inaccurate measurement.
(　　)5.How did the researchers conduct the study
[A] By observing the seals.
[B] By comparing different data.
[C] By using advanced equipment.
[D] By analysing the existing maps.
(　　)6.What does the underlined phrase “their find” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A] The canyon. [B] The ship.
[C] The seals. [D] The genus.
(　　)7.What can be inferred from the text
[A] The present data is of little use.
[B] The ocean’s surface around Antarctica is warmer.
[C] Seal’s swimming pattern influences the data.
[D] The seal can’t reach deep ocean because of the temperature.
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Find Your Way Without a Compass
We all know a compass points north,at least to magnetic north,which is close enough to true north to help you get where you want to go.1.　　　.
Know that the sun rises in the east.Figure out where the sun is rising and the opposite is west.If the sun is rising to your right then straight ahead is north.2.　 　　.The same rules apply as the sun sets in the west.
Know that Polaris (北极星) is in the north.If it’s not cloudy,then you’ll find it at the tail end of Ursa Minor (小熊座).3.　　　,so you can wake up in the morning and remember the direction.
4.　　　.Then put a small stone at the end of its shadow.Wait 30—60 minutes and put another stone at the end of the shadow.Now draw a line through the two stones.You now have an east/west line.Look at which side the shadow is pointing over that line.It will be pointing in a northerly direction given the sun favours the south side of the sky.
Look for moss (苔藓) on certain trees.5.　　　.Look for a separate tree that is exposed to the sun.Moss likes shade,and the northern side of a tree is typically in shade most of the day.But if the tree is deep in a forest,it will be a far less reliable source to base direction on.
A.Know that cloudy weather may help
B.Use sticks to make an arrow on the ground
C.Stand a straight pole (over 1 metre tall) upright on level ground
D.This technique can work if you find the right target
E.You’ll find your way back when you arrive at that landmark
F.You should be able to make certain of south and west from there
G.But if you don’t have one,there are other ways to make sure you stay on course
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Dunhuang,an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert,used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　　 Dunhuang’s colourful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　 (block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　　 (size) — from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.　　　　 (attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.　　　　 (catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6.　　　　 (true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Spring (月牙泉).From this position,8.　　　　 (regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　　　 (contain) many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
Unit 5　Into the unknown
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Every day people joined archaeologists and artists in finding some of the year’s most dramatic discoveries.Below are some examples.
“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces
Archaeologists discovered 18,000 ink-carved pieces of pottery—known as “Ostraca”—at the site of Athribis,and among them were hundreds of fragments (碎片) with a single symbol repeated front and back.
Those scribbles (潦草的文字) are evidence of “naughty pupils” being made to write lines,according to researchers of Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen.The fragments also included receipts,school texts,trade information and lists of names.
Vincent Willem van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait
There is one more known Vincent Willem van Gogh’s self-portrait in the world,and it was hidden behind a painting of a peasant woman.People made the discovery when they took an X-ray of one of his portraits and discovered the artist’s own image behind layers of cardboard and glue.While X-rays often reveal how artists changed their compositions,the full self-portrait of Vincent Willem van Gogh came as a huge surprise,who was known to reuse canvases (画布) to save money.
Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui
The Sanxingdui archaeological site has produced thousands of relics.The discovery,
reported by Chinese state media in June 2022 includes 3,155 objects,a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them.A team has been digging six places of the site,turning up more than 13,000 objects so far.In 2021,the relics they uncovered included a golden mask,
ivory artifacts and a jade knife.The Sanxingdui culture still remains mysterious,as it left behind no written records or human remains,though many believe it to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu,which ruled along the upper stream of the Yangtze River until it was conquered.
[语篇导读] 本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个考古发现。
(　　)1.What led to the researchers’ conclusion about the fragments
[A] The repeated symbol.
[B] Trade information.
[C] Lists of pupils’ names.
[D] The mark of ink.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces部分中的“among them were...front and back”以及“Those scribbles (潦草的文字)...
Tuebingen.”可知,研究人员是根据这些碎片上重复的符号得出结论的,证明这些碎片的内容是调皮的学生所写。故选A。
(　　)2.Why did Vincent Willem van Gogh hide his self-portrait in a painting
[A] To keep away from X-rays.
[B] To save money.
[C] To make his works more mysterious.
[D] To help people find his composition.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Vincent Willem van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait部分中的最后一句可知,梵高是为了省钱才将自画像隐藏在一幅画中。故选B。
(　　)3.Which is the unearthed relic of 2022 in Sanxingdui
[A] A jade knife.
[B] A golden mask.
[C] A written record.
[D] A turtle shell-shaped box.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui部分中的第二句可知,2022年三星堆遗址出土的器物包括一个龟壳形状的盒子。故选D。
B
Humans have sailed the oceans’ surfaces for millennia,but their depths remain effectively uncharted.Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution.Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons (峡谷).
So a group of researchers has recruited some deep-diving experts:elephant seals and Weddell seals.Scientists have been placing trackers on these blubbery marine mammals around Antarctica for years,gathering data on ocean temperature and salinity.For a study,the researchers compared these dives’ location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps.They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps—meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.
In eastern Antarctica’s Vincennes Bay,the diving seals helped the scientists find a large,
hidden underwater canyon.An Australian research ship later measured the canyon’s exact depth using sonar,and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon—honouring both the ship and the involved elephant seals,genus (动植物的属) Mirounga.
But seals can’t map the entire ocean floor.The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal’s geographical location only within about 1.5 miles.Plus,because the seals don’t always dive to the bottom of the ocean,they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps—not shallower.McMahon notes that scientists could improve on these data by using more precise BDS trackers and analysing the seals’ diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped descending.
The current seal-dive data can still be valuable for an important task,says an oceanographer.“The deep ocean around Antarctica is warmer than the frigid waters at the surface,and seafloor canyons can allow that warmer water to flow to the ice along the continent’s coast,” the oceanographer explains.“To predict how Antarctica’s ice will melt,
scientists will need to know where those canyons are and how deep they go.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家利用带有追踪器的海豹的潜水数据来进行海洋探测,进而了解海底山脉或峡谷的位置和深度。
(　　)4.What problem is mentioned at the beginning of the text
[A] Lack of the map.
[B] Not enough tools.
[C] Ineffective charts.
[D] Inaccurate measurement.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,大约四分之一的海底被绘制成高分辨率地图,大多数地区的地图只显示大概的深度,经常遗漏整个水下山脉或峡谷。由此可推知,本文一开始提到的问题是目前海底地图测量的不准确性。故选D。
(　　)5.How did the researchers conduct the study
[A] By observing the seals.
[B] By comparing different data.
[C] By using advanced equipment.
[D] By analysing the existing maps.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究人员是通过比较不同的数据来进行研究的。故选B。
(　　)6.What does the underlined phrase “their find” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A] The canyon. [B] The ship.
[C] The seals. [D] The genus.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线部分的上文内容可推知,画线部分应是指代上文提到的海豹帮助科学家所发现的水下峡谷。故选A。
(　　)7.What can be inferred from the text
[A] The present data is of little use.
[B] The ocean’s surface around Antarctica is warmer.
[C] Seal’s swimming pattern influences the data.
[D] The seal can’t reach deep ocean because of the temperature.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知,由于海豹并不总是潜入海底,它们只能显示海底比现有地图上更深的地方,而不是更浅的地方,因此科学家需要使用BDS追踪器并分析海豹的潜水模式来改进这些数据,也就是说海豹的潜水模式会影响数据。
故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Find Your Way Without a Compass
We all know a compass points north,at least to magnetic north,which is close enough to true north to help you get where you want to go.1.　　　.
Know that the sun rises in the east.Figure out where the sun is rising and the opposite is west.If the sun is rising to your right then straight ahead is north.2.　 　　.The same rules apply as the sun sets in the west.
Know that Polaris (北极星) is in the north.If it’s not cloudy,then you’ll find it at the tail end of Ursa Minor (小熊座).3.　　　,so you can wake up in the morning and remember the direction.
4.　　　.Then put a small stone at the end of its shadow.Wait 30—60 minutes and put another stone at the end of the shadow.Now draw a line through the two stones.You now have an east/west line.Look at which side the shadow is pointing over that line.It will be pointing in a northerly direction given the sun favours the south side of the sky.
Look for moss (苔藓) on certain trees.5.　　　.Look for a separate tree that is exposed to the sun.Moss likes shade,and the northern side of a tree is typically in shade most of the day.But if the tree is deep in a forest,it will be a far less reliable source to base direction on.
A.Know that cloudy weather may help
B.Use sticks to make an arrow on the ground
C.Stand a straight pole (over 1 metre tall) upright on level ground
D.This technique can work if you find the right target
E.You’ll find your way back when you arrive at that landmark
F.You should be able to make certain of south and west from there
G.But if you don’t have one,there are other ways to make sure you stay on course
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在没有指南针的情况下,如何利用太阳、北极星、木棍、苔藓等大自然中的元素来辨别方向。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文介绍的是指南针的作用,下文介绍的是在没有指南针时如何辨别方向,G项可承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 空前句是说如果太阳从你的右侧方向升起,那么你的正前方就是北方。F项可承接上文,符合语境。故选F。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段介绍的是如何根据北极星来辨别方向。空前说可以根据小熊座找到北极星,而空后提到早上醒来时仍然能记得方向,也就是说明之前做过标记,B项符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 此空位于段首,是该段的主题句。本段后面的内容讲的是利用木棒成影法来辨别方向,即在平地上竖一根直棍(1米以上),在木棍影子的顶端放一块石头,木棍的影子会随着太阳的移动而移动。30—60分钟后,在木棍的影子顶端放另一块石头,然后在两个石头之间划一条直线,以此来辨别方向。C项符合语境。故选C。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段讲的是如何利用树上的苔藓来辨别方向。空处后两句讲了具体的做法,但随后又说,如果树在森林深处,就不适合作为判断依据了,因此空处应是说明这个方法只有找对了树才有效。D项符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Dunhuang,an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert,used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　　 Dunhuang’s colourful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　 (block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　　 (size) — from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.　　　　 (attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.　　　　 (catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6.　　　　 (true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Spring (月牙泉).From this position,8.　　　　 (regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　　　 (contain) many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌这一旅游胜地的历史、文化和自然景观。
1.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。be interested in...是固定搭配,意为“对……感兴趣”。故填in。
2.【答案】 is blocked
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,block是句子谓语动词,与主语The entrance之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语是单数名词。故填is blocked。
3.【答案】 sizes
【解析】 考查名词复数。可数名词size意为“大小,尺寸”,前有限定词all修饰,应用复数形式。故填sizes。
4.【答案】 attention
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语,应用名词形式;draw attention to...意为“引起对……的注意”。故填attention。
5.【答案】 To catch
【解析】 考查动词不定式。catch this incredible scene是rise early的目的,因此空处应用不定式作目的状语,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填To catch。
6.【答案】 truly
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词picturesque,应用副词truly作状语,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
7.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。Get off the camels和walk up a rather steep dune是顺承关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
8.【答案】 regarded
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作后置定语,regard应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语position之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填regarded。
9.【答案】 where
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词the Dunhuang Museum作补充说明,空处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.【答案】 containing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作伴随状语,contain应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语The museum之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填containing。
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第
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Unit 5　Into the unknown
题组训练
(限时35分钟　总分45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Every day people joined archaeologists and artists in finding some of the year’s most dramatic discoveries.Below are some examples.
“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces
Archaeologists discovered 18,000 ink-carved pieces of pottery—known as “Ostraca”—at the site of Athribis,and among them were hundreds of fragments (碎片) with a single symbol repeated front and back.
Those scribbles (潦草的文字) are evidence of “naughty pupils” being made to write lines,according to researchers of Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen.The fragments also included receipts,school texts,trade information and lists of names.
Vincent Willem van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait
There is one more known Vincent Willem van Gogh’s self-portrait in the world,and it was hidden behind a painting of a peasant woman.People made the discovery when they took an X-ray of one of his portraits and discovered the artist’s own image behind layers of cardboard and glue.
While X-rays often reveal how artists changed their compositions,the full self-portrait of Vincent Willem van Gogh came as a huge surprise,who was known to reuse canvases (画布) to save money.
Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui
The Sanxingdui archaeological site has produced thousands of relics.
The discovery,reported by Chinese state media in June 2022 includes 3,155 objects,a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them.A team has been digging six places of the site,turning up more than 13,000 objects so far.In 2021,the relics they uncovered included a golden mask,ivory artifacts and a jade knife.The Sanxingdui culture still remains mysterious,as it left behind no written records or human remains,though many believe it to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu,which ruled along the upper stream of the Yangtze River until it was conquered.
[语篇导读] 本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个考古发现。
(　　)1.What led to the researchers’ conclusion about the fragments
[A] The repeated symbol.
[B] Trade information.
[C] Lists of pupils’ names.
[D] The mark of ink.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces部分中的“among them were...front and back”以及“Those scribbles (潦草的文字)...Tuebingen.”可知,研究人员是根据这些碎片上重复的符号得出结论的,证明这些碎片的内容是调皮的学生所写。故选A。
(　　)2.Why did Vincent Willem van Gogh hide his self-portrait in a painting
[A] To keep away from X-rays.
[B] To save money.
[C] To make his works more mysterious.
[D] To help people find his composition.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Vincent Willem van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait部分中的最后一句可知,梵高是为了省钱才将自画像隐藏在一幅画中。故选B。
(　　)3.Which is the unearthed relic of 2022 in Sanxingdui
[A] A jade knife.
[B] A golden mask.
[C] A written record.
[D] A turtle shell-shaped box.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui部分中的第二句可知,2022年三星堆遗址出土的器物包括一个龟壳形状的盒子。故选D。
B
Humans have sailed the oceans’ surfaces for millennia,but their depths remain effectively uncharted.Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution.Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons (峡谷).
So a group of researchers has recruited some deep-diving experts:
elephant seals and Weddell seals.Scientists have been placing trackers on these blubbery marine mammals around Antarctica for years,gathering data on ocean temperature and salinity.For a study,the researchers compared these dives’ location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps.They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps—meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.
In eastern Antarctica’s Vincennes Bay,the diving seals helped the scientists find a large,hidden underwater canyon.An Australian research ship later measured the canyon’s exact depth using sonar,and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon—honouring both the ship and the involved elephant seals,genus (动植物的属) Mirounga.
But seals can’t map the entire ocean floor.The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal’s geographical location only within about 1.5 miles.Plus,
because the seals don’t always dive to the bottom of the ocean,they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps—not shallower.
McMahon notes that scientists could improve on these data by using more precise BDS trackers and analysing the seals’ diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped descending.
The current seal-dive data can still be valuable for an important task,
says an oceanographer.“The deep ocean around Antarctica is warmer than the frigid waters at the surface,and seafloor canyons can allow that warmer water to flow to the ice along the continent’s coast,” the oceanographer explains.“To predict how Antarctica’s ice will melt,scientists will need to know where those canyons are and how deep they go.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家利用带有追踪器的海豹的潜水数据来进行海洋探测,进而了解海底山脉或峡谷的位置和深度。
(　　)4.What problem is mentioned at the beginning of the text
[A] Lack of the map.
[B] Not enough tools.
[C] Ineffective charts.
[D] Inaccurate measurement.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,大约四分之一的海底被绘制成高分辨率地图,大多数地区的地图只显示大概的深度,经常遗漏整个水下山脉或峡谷。由此可推知,本文一开始提到的问题是目前海底地图测量的不准确性。故选D。
(　　)5.How did the researchers conduct the study
[A] By observing the seals.
[B] By comparing different data.
[C] By using advanced equipment.
[D] By analysing the existing maps.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究人员是通过比较不同的数据来进行研究的。故选B。
(　　)6.What does the underlined phrase “their find” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A] The canyon. [B] The ship.
[C] The seals. [D] The genus.
A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线部分的上文内容可推知,画线部分应是指代上文提到的海豹帮助科学家所发现的水下峡谷。故选A。
(　　)7.What can be inferred from the text
[A] The present data is of little use.
[B] The ocean’s surface around Antarctica is warmer.
[C] Seal’s swimming pattern influences the data.
[D] The seal can’t reach deep ocean because of the temperature.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知,由于海豹并不总是潜入海底,它们只能显示海底比现有地图上更深的地方,而不是更浅的地方,因此科学家需要使用BDS追踪器并分析海豹的潜水模式来改进这些数据,也就是说海豹的潜水模式会影响数据。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Find Your Way Without a Compass
We all know a compass points north,at least to magnetic north,
which is close enough to true north to help you get where you want to go.
1.　　　.
G
Know that the sun rises in the east.Figure out where the sun is rising and the opposite is west.If the sun is rising to your right then straight ahead is north.2.　　　.The same rules apply as the sun sets in the west.
Know that Polaris (北极星) is in the north.If it’s not cloudy,then you’ll find it at the tail end of Ursa Minor (小熊座).3.　　　,so you can wake up in the morning and remember the direction.
F
B
4.　　　.Then put a small stone at the end of its shadow.Wait 30—60 minutes and put another stone at the end of the shadow.Now draw a line through the two stones.You now have an east/west line.Look at which side the shadow is pointing over that line.It will be pointing in a northerly direction given the sun favours the south side of the sky.
C
Look for moss (苔藓) on certain trees.5.　　　.Look for a separate tree that is exposed to the sun.Moss likes shade,and the northern side of a tree is typically in shade most of the day.But if the tree is deep in a forest,it will be a far less reliable source to base direction on.
D
A.Know that cloudy weather may help
B.Use sticks to make an arrow on the ground
C.Stand a straight pole (over 1 metre tall) upright on level ground
D.This technique can work if you find the right target
E.You’ll find your way back when you arrive at that landmark
F.You should be able to make certain of south and west from there
G.But if you don’t have one,there are other ways to make sure you stay on course
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在没有指南针的情况下,如何利用太阳、北极星、木棍、苔藓等大自然中的元素来辨别方向。
1.【解析】 上文介绍的是指南针的作用,下文介绍的是在没有指南针时如何辨别方向,G项可承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.【解析】 空前句是说如果太阳从你的右侧方向升起,那么你的正前方就是北方。F项可承接上文,符合语境。故选F。
3.【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段介绍的是如何根据北极星来辨别方向。空前说可以根据小熊座找到北极星,而空后提到早上醒来时仍然能记得方向,也就是说明之前做过标记,B项符合语境。故选B。
4.【解析】 此空位于段首,是该段的主题句。本段后面的内容讲的是利用木棒成影法来辨别方向,即在平地上竖一根直棍(1米以上),在木棍影子的顶端放一块石头,木棍的影子会随着太阳的移动而移动。30—60分钟后,在木棍的影子顶端放另一块石头,然后在两个石头之间划一条直线,以此来辨别方向。C项符合语境。故选C。
5.【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段讲的是如何利用树上的苔藓来辨别方向。空处后两句讲了具体的做法,但随后又说,如果树在森林深处,就不适合作为判断依据了,因此空处应是说明这个方法只有找对了树才有效。D项符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Dunhuang,an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert,used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　 　 Dunhuang’s colourful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　 　　 (block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　 　 (size) — from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much
4.　　　 　 (attend) to the area.
in
is blocked
sizes
attention
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.　 　　　 (catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a
6.　　　　 (true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Spring (月牙泉).From this position,
8.　　 　　 (regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
To catch
truly
and
regarded
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　 　　 (contain) many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌这一旅游胜地的历史、文化和自然景观。
where
containing
1.【解析】 考查介词。be interested in...是固定搭配,意为“对……感兴趣”。故填in。
2.【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,block是句子谓语动词,与主语The entrance之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语是单数名词。故填is blocked。
3.【解析】 考查名词复数。可数名词size意为“大小,尺寸”,前有限定词all修饰,应用复数形式。故填sizes。
4.【解析】 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语,应用名词形式;
draw attention to...意为“引起对……的注意”。故填attention。
5.【解析】 考查动词不定式。catch this incredible scene是rise early的目的,因此空处应用不定式作目的状语,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填To catch。
6.【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词picturesque,应用副词truly作状语,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
7.【解析】 考查连词。Get off the camels和walk up a rather steep dune是顺承关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
8.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作后置定语,regard应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语position之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填regarded。
9.【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词the Dunhuang Museum作补充说明,空处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作伴随状语,contain应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语The museum之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填containing。

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