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2025学年英语初升高知识详细讲解
第03讲 并列句、复合句和特殊句式
衔接目标
1.把握并列句、复合句和特殊句式 2.熟练运用各种结构进行语言输出
热身训练
说出下列句子哪些是并列句，哪些是特殊句式
1. The teacher's name is Smith and the student's name is John.
2.Hurry up, or you'll be late.
3. It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
4. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
5.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
答案:
并列句：1,2
特殊句式：3,4,5
初中回顾
知识点一 联合并列句
联合并列句常由并列连词and(and意为“和；又；而”，表示动作先后等)，not only...but also...(不但······而且······)等连接。
Not only I come to school early, but also my teacher does.
不但我到校早，而且我的老师也是如此。
注意：and在表示条件时，可与if引导的肯定条件句转换。
Take the medicine, and you'll be better soon!=If you take the medicine, you'll be better soon!
吃了这药，你很快就会好！
知识点二 转折并列句
转折并列句常由并列连词but, yet(但是)，while(而，然而)等连接。其中but意为“但是；可是；然而；不过”，表意思转折。
She's good at English, but her Chinese isn't good.她擅长英语，但语文不好。
注意：though, although(虽然，尽管)不能与but(但是)连用。
虽然他很累，但是他没有停止工作。
误：Although he is very tired, but he doesn't stop working.
正：Although he is very tired, he doesn't stop working.
正：He is very tired, but he doesn't stop working.
知识点三 因果并列句
因果并列句常由并列连词for(for意为“因为”，表示因果关系，起解释说明的作用)，so(so意为“所以；结果”，表因果关系)等连接。
That was our first lesson, so she didn't know our names.
那是我们的第一堂课，所以她并不知道我们的名字。
She didn't come to school today, for she was ill. 今天她没来上学，因为她生病了。
注意：so与because不能连用。
因为我有钱，所以我能给自己买很多东西。
误：Because I'm rich, so I can buy myself lots of things.
正：Because I'm rich, I can buy myself lots of things.
正：I'm rich, so I can buy myself lots of things.
知识点四 选择并列句
选择并列句常由并列连词or(或者；否则，要不然)，either...or...(或者······或者······), neither...nor...(既不······也不······)等连接。
You must tell the truth, or you will be punished.
你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。
Either you can do it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it.
你或者自己做，或者让别人去做。
高中新知
衔接点一 强调句
1.强调句的句式
(1)陈述句：It is/was+被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语，且主语指人)＋其他．
(2)一般疑问句：
Is/Was it+被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语，且主语指人)＋其他？
(3)特殊疑问句：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is/was+it+that/who(当强调主语，且主语指人)＋其他？
It is Li Ming who/that is right. 李明是正确的。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
Who was it that called me yesterday
昨天是谁给我打的电话？
注意：对not...until的强调，应把not提前与until一起强调。
It was not until the teacher explained the problem to me twice that I made it out.
直到老师给我解释了两遍我才理解这个问题。
2.谓语动词的强调
“It is/was...that...”不能强调谓语，强调谓语需用do, does, did.
I did do the homework.
我确实做家庭作业了。
衔接点二 倒装句
1.完全倒装
完全倒装意为将整个谓语置于主语之前(是整个谓语部分，而非助动词)。这类句型主要有三种：
(1)表示方位或时间的副词或表地点的介词短语位于句首时。
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
(2)such置于句首时。
Such were the good deeds the three brave men did.
这些就是这三位勇敢的人做的善事。
此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
这些就是事实，没人能否认它们。
(3)表语置于句首时。
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将充当表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装形式，即“形容词／现在分词／过去分词／介词短语＋be+主语”。
Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。
2.部分倒装
部分倒装意为将部分谓语置于主语之前，即be动词、情态动词或助动词置于主语之前。此类句型主要有以下几种：
(1)否定或具有否定意义的副词或短语，如：never/seldom/nor/not/little/few/hardly/scarcely/rarely/at no time/under no circumstances/in no case/by no means/on no condition 等置于句首。
Under no circumstances can we accept the help in the form of cheques.
我们绝不接受支票形式的帮助。
注意：not...until 句型的倒装句不仅需要把否定词not置于句首，而且需要把until引导的时间状语或从句一起置于句首，如：
He didn't consider having a holiday until he retired from teaching three years ago.=Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday.
直到他三年前从教育领域退休后，他才考虑去度假。
(2)only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，常用部分倒装。
Only when you have seen what he or she does can you know the fact.
只有当你看过他／她所做的事情，你才能知道真相。
(3)在so/such...that...(结果状语从句)结构中，so/such置于句首时，需倒装。
Such a good boy is he that we all love him.
他是如此善良的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。
(4)承前倒装，即neither/nor/so等置于句首构成倒装，表示前面的情况也适用于后者。
He can do that, so can 1. 他能做那件事，我也能。
(5)当not only...but also...位于句首引出句子时，not only后的句子通常用部分倒装。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。
巩固训练
一、在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(每空1词)
A组(并列句)
1.Learn from your mistakes,________ you'll end up making the same mistakes over and over again.
2.Not only has she been late three times, but________ she has done no work.
3.Keep working hard, ________ your will find hidden abilities in yourself.
4.The little boy is only five years old, ________ he can look after himself well.
5. The future is in our own hands, ________ we must spare no effort to fight for it.
答案:
1.or 2.also 3.and 4.but 5.so
B组(特殊句式)
1.I________ (do) take some wonderful pictures during this show.
2.-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother
-I don't know and________ do I care.
3.It is him________ comes up with new plans, so we all think he is creative.
4.So frightened________ (be) he that he did not dare to move an inch.
5.Try hard________ he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
答案:
1.did 2.nor/neither 3.that/who 4.was 5.as/though
二、完成句子
1.我们最好不要对盲盒着迷，否则我们会不停地买。
We had better not________ blind boxes, ________ keep on buying them.
2.你把我的英语词典放在哪儿了？
________________ you put my English dictionary
3.正如俗话所说：“不到长城非好汉”。
As an old saying goes,“ He________________________ not a true man.”
答案:
1.be crazy about; or we will
2.Where was it that
3. who has never been to the Great Wall is

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