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八下英语期末复习之重点语法
一、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）
1. 基本结构
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（例：I have finished my work.）
否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词（例：She hasn't seen the movie.）
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？（例：Have you ever been to Beijing ）
核心用法
用法 例句 标志词
过去动作对现在的影响 He has lost his keys.（现在没钥匙） just, already, yet
过去持续到现在的动作/状态 They have lived here since 2020. for, since, how long
过去的经历（不强调时间） I have read this book twice. ever, never, before
3. 易错点
与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时强调与现在的联系（例：I have done my homework. 现在作业已完成）。
一般过去时仅陈述过去事实（例：I did my homework yesterday.）。
非延续性动词（如die, buy, join）不能直接接 for/since ，需转换表达：
He has joined the club for 2 years.
He has been a member of the club for 2 years.
二、被动语态（Passive Voice）
1. 结构公式
be动词 + 过去分词（be动词需随主语时态变化）
不同时态的被动语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 People clean the street. The street is cleaned by people.
一般过去时 He wrote the letter. The letter was written by him.
现在完成时 She has eaten the cake. The cake has been eaten by her.
含情态动词 You should close the door. The door should be closed.
3. 使用场景
强调动作承受者（例：The computer was fixed by Tom.）
动作执行者未知或不重要（例：Rice is grown in China.）
4. 易错提醒
漏掉be动词： The problem solved. The problem was solved.
多余加介词： The book was written by J.K. Rowling by.
三、情态动词表推测（Modal Verbs for Speculation）
1. 推测程度对比
情态动词 确信程度 例句
must 肯定（100%） It must be her bag. （一定是她的包）
might/could 可能（50%） She might be at home.
can't 不可能（0%） He can't be in the office. （他不可能在办公室）
2. 结构规则
对现在推测：情态动词 + 动词原形（例：She must know the answer.）
对过去推测：情态动词 + have + 过去分词（例：They might have left.）
四、动词不定式（Infinitives）
1. 常见用法
作目的状语：He studies hard to pass the exam.
与疑问词连用：I don't know how to use the machine.
作宾语：She wants to travel abroad.
2. 固定搭配
动词+不定式：agree to do, decide to do, refuse to do
形容词+不定式：It's easy to learn. / I'm happy to help.
五、实战练习（判断正误并改正）
She has gone to London last week.
She went to London last week.（过去时间需用一般过去时）
The letter was send yesterday.
The letter was sent yesterday.（被动语态需用过去分词）
They mustn't be tired. They just woke up.
They can't be tired.（表“不可能”用can't）

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