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新概念英语第一册133-144课知识点归纳
133-134课 直接引语变间接引语
当直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则间接引语中的动词时态作相应的改变。
时态的改变
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
can, may, must could, might, had to
She said: “I am very happy to help you.” She said that she was very happy to help you.
He said: “I am a teacher.” He said that he was a teacher.
She said: “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.
135-136课 直接引语变间接引语
直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，则间接引语的情态助动词必须发生相应的变化：
can-could, may-might, must-had to
She said, “I can lend you my bicycle.” She said that she could lend me her bicycle.
They said, “We must hand in our papers soon.” They said that they had to hand in their papers soon.
137-138课 由if引导的条件状态从句
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
条件状态从句中不用将来时态，应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用现在完成时代替将来完成时：
If you are tired, we may have a rest.
If you have finished your task before next Friday, I will send you a present.
139-140课 直接引语变间接引语
1）直接引语是一般、选择或反意疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导，而且必须将原来的疑问句的语序调整为陈述句的语序：
He asked me: “Do you come from China ” He asked me if/whether I came from China.
2）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where等引导：
My sister asked me: “What is your friend ” My sister asked me what your friend was.
They asked, “Where do you live ” They asked me where I lived.
141-142课 被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
He opened the door.（主动语态） The door was opened.（被动语态）
被动语态由助动词be的相应时态形式+及物动词的过去分词构成。
1）被动语态的时态：较常见的时态有8种，现以动词clean为例说明：
形态 时段 现在 过去 将来
一般 am/is/are cleaned was/were cleaned will/shall be cleaned
进行 am/is/are being cleaned was/were being cleaned
完成 have/has been cleaned had been cleaned will/shall have been cleaned
2）主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：
主动句： They planted a tree.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动句： A tree was planted by them.
宾语变主语 be+过去分词 主语变为by…
143-144课 各种时态的被动语态举例（以do为例）
1）一般现在时（am/is/are+ done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world.
2）一般过去时（was/were+ done）
The cup was broken by the boy.
3）一般将来时与过去将来时（will/shall be+ done; would/should be+ done）
A new road will be built next year.
4）现在进行时与过去进行时（am/is/are being+ done; was/were being+ done）
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.
5）现在完成时（have/has been+ done）
The book has been read many times by me.
6）过去完成时（had been+ done）
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm.

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