资源简介

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Organic farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products.The use of dried plants not only saves money,but also ensures the growth of crops.The technique is characterised by the use of green manure(肥料),biological pest-control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productivity.Limiting the use of man-made chemicals or completely doing away with them reduces the risk of diseases.Today,organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown food products have a huge market,with farmland covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover.The hard work of Sir Albert Howard,the “father of organic farming”,has paid off.
Advantages of organic farming:
(1)The economics of organic farming are characterised by increasing profits through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion (侵蚀).
(2)Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods,but uses half the energy,and holds 40% more topsoil.
(3)Farming in the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.
(4)The use of green pesticides is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human health.
Disadvantages of organic farming:
(1)Organic methods of farming produce less,compared to traditional farming techniques.
(2)Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change.Organic farming practices are recognised as giving out less CO2,but not to a significant degree.
However,though there are some disadvantages to organic farming,farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional farms.Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.
(　　) 1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 show
[A] Sir Albert Howard worked hard for nothing.
[B] Sir Albert Howard succeeded in organic farming.
[C] Sir Albert Howard spent all his time on organic farming.
[D] Sir Albert Howard didn’t expect organic farming to be successful.
(　　) 2.What is the author’s attitude towards organic farming
[A] Optimistic.
[B] Hopeless.
[C] Unclear.
[D] Anxious.
(　　) 3.Why did the author write this passage
[A] To tell us the development of agriculture.
[B] To tell us what kind of food is being grown at present.
[C] To tell us why organic farming is so popular around the world.
[D] To tell us what organic farming is and its advantages and disadvantages.
B
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密)and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community,
especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,
work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”:Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
(　　)4.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
[A] Efficient public transport.
[B] Strong interaction between people.
[C] Uniform style of buildings.
[D] A comparatively large population.
(　　)5.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
[A] Local residents.
[B] Government officials.
[C] City planners.
[D] Construction workers.
(　　)6.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
[A] Lined with plants.
[B] Painted with clear signs.
[C] Tightly connected.
[D] Convenient for the old.
(　　)7.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　　.
[A] pride [B] comfort
[C] security [D] urgency
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Vegan Agriculture
Vegan farming has become more and more popular.It is one of the most environmentally friendly forms of agriculture.Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste.1.　　　 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.
2.　　　 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants—that can include even animal waste as fertilisers.On the other hand,vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds,which means that,in general,vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.
Additionally,vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants,like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作),using mechanical barriers(机械屏障)such as nets,or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones.3.　　　 However,they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.
One of the reasons to develop vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic(合成的)pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops.By contrast,in conventional agriculture,synthetic pesticides are on a very high level.4.　　　
In the future,it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste to feed plants.Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans.5.　　　Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect,scientists worldwide,together with vegan farmers,are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilisers.
A.Accordingly,the amount of them in food products is much higher.
B.Also,vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilisers.
C.It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as organic farming.
D.In today’s world,the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular.
E.But it’s also good for the whole world,including other animals and plants.
F.These ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.
G.The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture.
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
My family have been involved in agriculture business since the late 1800s when my great-grandfather 1.　　　　 (start)the family farm.Over the years,the operation has developed from growing crops into selling farm equipment today—our primary focus has become the technology 2.　　　　 (use) in farming.
Agriculture, 3.　　 　　 general,has experienced a similar 4.　　　 　 (develop).
Technology has become a vital part of doing business for every farmer and agriculture
retailer(零售商).In fact,a study suggests precision agriculture(精准农业) 5.　　　　 (expect) to grow a lot by 2025.It is an idea that was born in the 1990s and that was quite 6.　　　　 (impress).
The increasing adoption rate of technology in agriculture shouldn’t be surprising to anyone.Farming is 7.　　　　 (high) land-intensive(土地密集型的) and labour-intensive.
Farmers are driven to use technology to increase efficiency and manage costs.
But what exactly does precision agriculture mean Precision agriculture is also known as precision farming.Perhaps the easiest way 8.　　　　 (understand)precision farming is to think of it as everything 9.　　　　 makes the practice of farming more accurate and controlled when it comes to the growing of crops.A key component of this farm management approach is the use of information technology and 10.　　　　 wide range of items such as sensors,drones,and BDS-based soil sampling.
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Organic farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products.The use of dried plants not only saves money,but also ensures the growth of crops.The technique is characterised by the use of green manure(肥料),biological pest-control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productivity.Limiting the use of man-made chemicals or completely doing away with them reduces the risk of diseases.Today,organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown food products have a huge market,with farmland covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover.The hard work of Sir Albert Howard,the “father of organic farming”,has paid off.
Advantages of organic farming:
(1)The economics of organic farming are characterised by increasing profits through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion (侵蚀).
(2)Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods,but uses half the energy,and holds 40% more topsoil.
(3)Farming in the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.
(4)The use of green pesticides is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human health.
Disadvantages of organic farming:
(1)Organic methods of farming produce less,compared to traditional farming techniques.
(2)Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change.Organic farming practices are recognised as giving out less CO2,but not to a significant degree.
However,though there are some disadvantages to organic farming,farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional farms.Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要阐述了有机农业虽然存在一些弊端,但从长远来看,一定会越来越好。
(　　) 1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 show
[A] Sir Albert Howard worked hard for nothing.
[B] Sir Albert Howard succeeded in organic farming.
[C] Sir Albert Howard spent all his time on organic farming.
[D] Sir Albert Howard didn’t expect organic farming to be successful.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测句意题。根据前文的“with farmland covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover”以及画线句内容可推断,Sir Albert Howard 在有机农业研究和种植方面是成功的。故选B。
(　　) 2.What is the author’s attitude towards organic farming
[A] Optimistic.
[B] Hopeless.
[C] Unclear.
[D] Anxious.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知,作者对有机农业抱有乐观的态度。故选A。
(　　) 3.Why did the author write this passage
[A] To tell us the development of agriculture.
[B] To tell us what kind of food is being grown at present.
[C] To tell us why organic farming is so popular around the world.
[D] To tell us what organic farming is and its advantages and disadvantages.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者主要是告诉了我们什么是有机农业及其优缺点。故选D。
B
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密)and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community,
especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,
work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”:Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs在她的职业生涯中致力于推进独特的城市愿景,尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。
(　　)4.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
[A] Efficient public transport.
[B] Strong interaction between people.
[C] Uniform style of buildings.
[D] A comparatively large population.
【答案】 B　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision...and exciting urban environments.”可知,Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说,人与人之间有很强的互动是最重要的。故选B。
(　　)5.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
[A] Local residents.
[B] Government officials.
[C] City planners.
[D] Construction workers.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。
(　　)6.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
[A] Lined with plants.
[B] Painted with clear signs.
[C] Tightly connected.
[D] Convenient for the old.
【答案】 C　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live...and neighbourhood better.”可知,Jacobs建议修建紧密相连的人行道。故选C。
(　　)7.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　　.
[A] pride [B] comfort
[C] security [D] urgency
【答案】 C　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be...over the neighbourhood.”可知,Jacobs认为,“eyes on the street”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Vegan Agriculture
Vegan farming has become more and more popular.It is one of the most environmentally friendly forms of agriculture.Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste.1.　　　 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.
2.　　　 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants—that can include even animal waste as fertilisers.On the other hand,vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds,which means that,in general,vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.
Additionally,vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants,like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作),using mechanical barriers(机械屏障)such as nets,or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones.3.　　　 However,they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.
One of the reasons to develop vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic(合成的)pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops.By contrast,in conventional agriculture,synthetic pesticides are on a very high level.4.　　　
In the future,it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste to feed plants.Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans.5.　　　Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect,scientists worldwide,together with vegan farmers,are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilisers.
A.Accordingly,the amount of them in food products is much higher.
B.Also,vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilisers.
C.It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as organic farming.
D.In today’s world,the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular.
E.But it’s also good for the whole world,including other animals and plants.
F.These ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.
G.The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了全素农业的优势。
1.【答案】 B
【解析】 上文提到,全素农业是种植蔬菜等植物的一种好方法,不使用来自动物的材料,比如它们的粪便。设空处应与前一句并列,也是介绍全素农业使用的材料。B项符合语境。故选B。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 设空处位于段首,为主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段在说全素农业与有机农业是不一样的。C项符合语境。故选C。
3.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文讲到全素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物,并且举了三个例子。设空处应是对上文进行总结,且与下文讲述的这些方法的弊端构成转折关系,F项符合语境。故选F。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上句提到的“相比之下,在传统农业中,合成农药的用量非常高”可知,设空处应承接上文,并与上句构成因果关系,A项符合语境。故选A。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 上句介绍了全素农业的好处,前后句使用了not only... but also 的递进句式,因此设空处也应是介绍全素农业的好处,E项符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
My family have been involved in agriculture business since the late 1800s when my great-grandfather 1.　　　　 (start)the family farm.Over the years,the operation has developed from growing crops into selling farm equipment today—our primary focus has become the technology 2.　　　　 (use) in farming.
Agriculture, 3.　　 　　 general,has experienced a similar 4.　　　 　 (develop).
Technology has become a vital part of doing business for every farmer and agriculture
retailer(零售商).In fact,a study suggests precision agriculture(精准农业) 5.　　　　 (expect) to grow a lot by 2025.It is an idea that was born in the 1990s and that was quite 6.　　　　 (impress).
The increasing adoption rate of technology in agriculture shouldn’t be surprising to anyone.Farming is 7.　　　　 (high) land-intensive(土地密集型的) and labour-intensive.
Farmers are driven to use technology to increase efficiency and manage costs.
But what exactly does precision agriculture mean Precision agriculture is also known as precision farming.Perhaps the easiest way 8.　　　　 (understand)precision farming is to think of it as everything 9.　　　　 makes the practice of farming more accurate and controlled when it comes to the growing of crops.A key component of this farm management approach is the use of information technology and 10.　　　　 wide range of items such as sensors,drones,and BDS-based soil sampling.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了科技对于农业的重要性。
1.【答案】 started
【解析】 考查动词的时态。句中包含when 引导的定语从句,从句中缺谓语,空处应是谓语动词。根据先行词“the late 1800s”可知,空处表示发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填started。
2.【答案】 used
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处是非谓语动词,technology 与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“被使用的技术”,应用过去分词形式作定语。故填used。
3.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。固定搭配 in general 意为“总的来说”,故填in。
4.【答案】 development
【解析】 考查名词。空处作谓语动词 has experienced的宾语,且空前有形容词similar 修饰,因此空处应用名词形式,故填development。
5.【答案】 is expected
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。“precision agriculture (精准农业)...2025”是省略了引导词that的宾语从句,作suggests的宾语。空处作宾语从句的谓语,与从句主语是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“被期待”,应用被动语态;此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时;从句主语precision agriculture (精准农业)为不可数名词,应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is expected。
6.【答案】 impressive
【解析】 考查形容词。并列连词and连接两个并列的定语从句,修饰 an idea。空处作第二个定语从句的表语,意为“令人印象深刻的”,应用形容词形式,故填impressive。
7.【答案】 highly
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词land-intensive (土地密集型的)和labour-intensive,应用副词形式作状语,故填highly。
8.【答案】 to understand
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句子已有完整的结构,空处作后置定语,修饰主语way构成固定搭配the way to do sth,故填to understand。
9.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,当先行词为everything时,关系词应用that,不用which。故填that。
10.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。固定用法a wide range of意为“各种各样的”,故填a。
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第
8
页
)(共40张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
题组训练
(限时:35分钟　总分:45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Organic farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products.The use of dried plants not only saves money,but also ensures the growth of crops.The technique is characterised by the use of green manure(肥料),biological pest-control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productivity.
Limiting the use of man-made chemicals or completely doing away with them reduces the risk of diseases.Today,organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown food products have a huge market,with farmland covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover.The hard work of Sir Albert Howard,the “father of organic farming”,has paid off.
Advantages of organic farming:
(1)The economics of organic farming are characterised by increasing profits through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion (侵蚀).
(2)Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods,but uses half the energy,and holds 40% more topsoil.
(3)Farming in the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.
(4)The use of green pesticides is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human health.
Disadvantages of organic farming:
(1)Organic methods of farming produce less,compared to traditional farming techniques.
(2)Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change.
Organic farming practices are recognised as giving out less CO2,but not to a significant degree.
However,though there are some disadvantages to organic farming,
farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional farms.Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要阐述了有机农业虽然存在一些弊端,但从长远来看,一定会越来越好。
(　　) 1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 show
[A] Sir Albert Howard worked hard for nothing.
[B] Sir Albert Howard succeeded in organic farming.
[C] Sir Albert Howard spent all his time on organic farming.
[D] Sir Albert Howard didn’t expect organic farming to be successful.
B
【解析】 猜测句意题。根据前文的“with farmland covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover”以及画线句内容可推断,Sir Albert Howard 在有机农业研究和种植方面是成功的。故选B。
(　　) 2.What is the author’s attitude towards organic farming
[A] Optimistic.
[B] Hopeless.
[C] Unclear.
[D] Anxious.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知,作者对有机农业抱有乐观的态度。故选A。
(　　) 3.Why did the author write this passage
[A] To tell us the development of agriculture.
[B] To tell us what kind of food is being grown at present.
[C] To tell us why organic farming is so popular around the world.
[D] To tell us what organic farming is and its advantages and disadvantages.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者主要是告诉了我们什么是有机农业及其优缺点。故选D。
B
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community,especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,
engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”:
Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs在她的职业生涯中致力于推进独特的城市愿景,尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。
(　　)4.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
[A] Efficient public transport.
[B] Strong interaction between people.
[C] Uniform style of buildings.
[D] A comparatively large population.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision...and exciting urban environments.”可知,Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说,人与人之间有很强的互动是最重要的。故选B。
(　　)5.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
[A] Local residents.
[B] Government officials.
[C] City planners.
[D] Construction workers.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。
(　　)6.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
[A] Lined with plants.
[B] Painted with clear signs.
[C] Tightly connected.
[D] Convenient for the old.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live...and neighbourhood better.”可知,Jacobs建议修建紧密相连的人行道。故选C。
(　　)7.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　.
[A] pride [B] comfort
[C] security [D] urgency
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be...over the neighbourhood.”可知,Jacobs认为,“eyes on the street”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Vegan Agriculture
Vegan farming has become more and more popular.It is one of the most environmentally friendly forms of agriculture.Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste.1.　　　 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.
B
2.　　　 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants—that can include even animal waste as fertilisers.On the other hand,vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds,which means that,in general,vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.
C
Additionally,vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants,like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作),using mechanical barriers(机械屏障)such as nets,or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones.3.　　　 However,
they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.
F
One of the reasons to develop vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic(合成的)pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops.By contrast,in conventional agriculture,synthetic pesticides are on a very high level.4.　　　
A
In the future,it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste to feed plants.Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans.5.　 Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect,scientists worldwide,
together with vegan farmers,are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilisers.
E
A.Accordingly,the amount of them in food products is much higher.
B.Also,vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilisers.
C.It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as organic farming.
D.In today’s world,the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular.
E.But it’s also good for the whole world,including other animals and plants.
F.These ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.
G.The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了全素农业的优势。
1.【解析】 上文提到,全素农业是种植蔬菜等植物的一种好方法,不使用来自动物的材料,比如它们的粪便。设空处应与前一句并列,也是介绍全素农业使用的材料。B项符合语境。故选B。
2.【解析】 设空处位于段首,为主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段在说全素农业与有机农业是不一样的。C项符合语境。故选C。
3.【解析】 上文讲到全素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物,并且举了三个例子。设空处应是对上文进行总结,且与下文讲述的这些方法的弊端构成转折关系,F项符合语境。故选F。
4.【解析】 根据上句提到的“相比之下,在传统农业中,合成农药的用量非常高”可知,设空处应承接上文,并与上句构成因果关系,A项符合语境。故选A。
5.【解析】 上句介绍了全素农业的好处,前后句使用了not only... but also 的递进句式,因此设空处也应是介绍全素农业的好处,E项符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
My family have been involved in agriculture business since the late 1800s when my great-grandfather 1.　　 　 (start)the family farm.Over the years,the operation has developed from growing crops into selling farm equipment today—our primary focus has become the technology
2.　　　　 (use) in farming.
started
used
Agriculture, 3.　 general,has experienced a similar 4.
(develop).Technology has become a vital part of doing business for every farmer and agriculture retailer(零售商).In fact,a study suggests precision agriculture(精准农业) 5.　　　 　 (expect) to grow a lot by 2025.It is an idea that was born in the 1990s and that was quite 6.　　 　 　 (impress).
in
development
is expected
impressive
The increasing adoption rate of technology in agriculture shouldn’t be surprising to anyone.Farming is 7.　　　　 (high) land-intensive(土地密集型的) and labour-intensive.Farmers are driven to use technology to increase efficiency and manage costs.
highly
But what exactly does precision agriculture mean Precision agriculture is also known as precision farming.Perhaps the easiest way
8.　　 　　 (understand)precision farming is to think of it as everything 9.　　　 makes the practice of farming more accurate and controlled when it comes to the growing of crops.A key component of this farm management approach is the use of information technology and 10.　　　 wide range of items such as sensors,drones,and BDS-based soil sampling.
to understand
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了科技对于农业的重要性。
that
a
1.【解析】 考查动词的时态。句中包含when 引导的定语从句,从句中缺谓语,空处应是谓语动词。根据先行词“the late 1800s”可知,空处表示发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填started。
2.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处是非谓语动词,
technology 与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“被使用的技术”,应用过去分词形式作定语。故填used。
3.【解析】 考查介词。固定搭配 in general 意为“总的来说”,故填in。
4.【解析】 考查名词。空处作谓语动词 has experienced的宾语,且空前有形容词similar 修饰,因此空处应用名词形式,故填development。
5.【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。“precision agriculture (精准农业)...2025”是省略了引导词that的宾语从句,作suggests的宾语。空处作宾语从句的谓语,与从句主语是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“被期待”,应用被动语态;此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时;从句主语precision agriculture (精准农业)为不可数名词,应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is expected。
6.【解析】 考查形容词。并列连词and连接两个并列的定语从句,修饰 an idea。空处作第二个定语从句的表语,意为“令人印象深刻的”,应用形容词形式,故填impressive。
7.【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词land-intensive (土地密集型的)和labour-intensive,应用副词形式作状语,故填highly。
8.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句子已有完整的结构,空处作后置定语,修饰主语way构成固定搭配the way to do sth,故填to understand。
9.【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,当先行词为everything时,关系词应用that,不用which。故填that。
10.【解析】 考查冠词。固定用法a wide range of意为“各种各样的”,故填a。

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