资源简介

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made and some experience they accumulated.The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo,a famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty,was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou,Anhui Province).He led a simple life,away from fame and fortune.He would rather become a travelling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields,such as internal medicine,surgery,
gynecology,pediatrics and acupuncture.He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia about 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing,also known as Zhang Ji,was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province.He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time many people developed a kind of illness,which was caused by fever.
Zhang’s family were no exception.The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine.He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhang Bozu,absorbing previous medicinal literature,collecting many prescriptions and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun.Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty.He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases,but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
On this basis,it took him 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece,
Compendium of Materia Medica,which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China.
(　　)1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common
[A] Their books never come out.
[B] They travelled extensively across China.
[C] They led the way worldwide in their own fields.
[D] They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
[A] Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.
[B] Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.
[C] Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.
[D] Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.
(　　)3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear
[A] Healthy lifestyles.
[B] Daily entertainment.
[C] Historical figures.
[D] Fitness management.
B
The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science.Why and how did cells first appear Was this likely to have happened under the conditions at that time,or was it simply due to chance Could this happen in other places in the universe
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions.
They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed.
Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe.The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane,who is in charge of the University College London team,suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth’s ocean floor might have helped create life.Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.The team have created models of these springs in their lab.They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin.
When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth’s surface,it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks.When the very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again,other chemical reactions occur.Lane explains,the conditions needed for life are rock,water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe,there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets.Furthermore,a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search and it will be the first space satellite to search other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years.When an exoplanet passes in front of its star,some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet.Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry,temperature and weather conditions of the planet.This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
(　　)4.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
[A] The scientists’ routine.
[B] The researchers’ assumption.
[C] The research’s principle.
[D] The research’s process.
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “springs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
[A] Seasons. [B] Fountains.
[C] Jumps. [D] Cracks.
(　　)6.Which of the following can directly allow scientists to find places supporting life in the universe
[A] Using a powerful telescope.
[B] Discovering all the exoplanets.
[C] Sending a satellite into space.
[D] Researching gases around the planet.
(　　)7.What might be the author’s attitude towards finding life in space
[A] Subjective. [B] Vague.
[C] Negative. [D] Optimistic.
C
(2024-2025学年广东惠州高三第二次调研)
Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources,but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb,jump,and carry loads many times of its own weight.
The robot,mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York,along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin,is powered by tiny actuators (致动器).“The actuator looks like a column.It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top,” said Aubin.
The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet.To make the robot jump or climb,a stream of methane (甲烷) and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked (触发) with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion,causing the rubber to change its form.
Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber.
But they provided considerable propulsion:The robot could jump to a height of 56 centimetres and carry a load 22 times of its own weight.
“This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby,a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois.
Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd,described in a paper published in Science,would need further development for use in the field.“ At the moment,it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery,a limitation that presents a ing up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Ryan Truby.“This is the next big challenge to address.”
(　　)8.Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out
[A] Because it is extremely tiny and light.
[B] Because it is equipped with a column.
[C] Because it is extremely swift and quick.
[D] Because it is driven by explosive force.
(　　)9.What happens when a stream of methane and oxygen is sparked
[A] The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot.
[B] The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement.
[C] The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot.
[D] The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement.
(　　)10.What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
[A] Ability to move.
[B] Possibility to develop.
[C] Force to push things.
[D] Electricity to spark gases.
(　　)11.How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built
[A] They can use more actuators to provide larger power.
[B] They can design programs to control the robot efficiently.
[C] They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly.
[D] They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In high school,I did a scientific experiment.The experiment made me 　1　 that science could teach us a lot.It teaches us the 　2　 so we know where we are from.That day,I firmly 　3　 to be a scientist.Ever since that day,I have studied harder 　4　 in all my science-related subjects.After school,I do much research on how I can become a 　5　 scientist in the future.
One of my 　6　 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock,who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.At 25, she already had her PhD in botany.
After that,she started her 　7　 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she 　8　 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 　9　 to achieve my ambition as a scientist,I want to be like Doctor McClintock.She 　10　 something that helped the other scientists 　11　 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 　12　 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it.If I achieve my goal,I will share my 　13　 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists.My future will be as 　14　 as the stars in the night sky.However,my future is still far.I will make the most of the 　15　 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
(　　)1.[A] suspect [B] wonder
[C] realise [D] value
(　　)2.[A] school [B] origin
[C] growth [D] study
(　　)3.[A] refused [B] volunteered
[C] continued [D] decided
(　　)4.[A] especially [B] possibly
[C] properly [D] separately
(　　)5.[A] happy [B] popular
[C] real [D] careful
(　　)6.[A] experiences [B] persuasions
[C] generations [D] inspirations
(　　)7.[A] attempt [B] career
[C] praise [D] tradition
(　　)8.[A] devoted [B] invited
[C] limited [D] decreased
(　　)9.[A] reason [B] freedom
[C] right [D] opportunity
(　　)10.[A] heard [B] expected
[C] discovered [D] awarded
(　　)11.[A] set out [B] figure out
[C] stick out [D] break out
(　　)12.[A] dream [B] reward
[C] fame [D] stage
(　　)13.[A] fortune [B] location
[C] light [D] secret
(　　)14.[A] bright [B] capable
[C] proud [D] brave
(　　)15.[A] lesson [B] present
[C] mind [D] heart
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made and some experience they accumulated.The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo,a famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty,was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou,Anhui Province).He led a simple life,away from fame and fortune.He would rather become a travelling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields,such as internal medicine,surgery,
gynecology,pediatrics and acupuncture.He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia about 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing,also known as Zhang Ji,was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province.He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time many people developed a kind of illness,which was caused by fever.
Zhang’s family were no exception.The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine.He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhang Bozu,absorbing previous medicinal literature,collecting many prescriptions and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun.Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty.He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases,but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
On this basis,it took him 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece,
Compendium of Materia Medica,which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代三位名医。
(　　)1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common
[A] Their books never come out.
[B] They travelled extensively across China.
[C] They led the way worldwide in their own fields.
[D] They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,中国传统医学取得了巨大的进步,这得益于一些古代名医的巨大贡献和积累的一些经验。以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。可知本文提及的三位名医对中国传统医学做出了巨大贡献。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
[A] Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.
[B] Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.
[C] Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.
[D] Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Li Shizhen下面的“He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.”可知,李时珍从小就喜欢医学,并继承了他祖先的职业成为一名医生。可推知李时珍出身于医学世家。故选B。
(　　)3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear
[A] Healthy lifestyles.
[B] Daily entertainment.
[C] Historical figures.
[D] Fitness management.
【答案】 C
【解析】 文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句“The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.”和下文的内容可知,本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景、李时珍三位中国古代名医及其贡献,由此可推测出,本文最有可能在杂志的历史人物版块出现。故选C。
B
The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science.Why and how did cells first appear Was this likely to have happened under the conditions at that time,or was it simply due to chance Could this happen in other places in the universe
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions.
They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed.
Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe.The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane,who is in charge of the University College London team,suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth’s ocean floor might have helped create life.Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.The team have created models of these springs in their lab.They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin.
When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth’s surface,it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks.When the very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again,other chemical reactions occur.Lane explains,the conditions needed for life are rock,water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe,there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets.Furthermore,a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search and it will be the first space satellite to search other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years.When an exoplanet passes in front of its star,some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet.Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry,temperature and weather conditions of the planet.This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们一直在寻找生命的起源。
(　　)4.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
[A] The scientists’ routine.
[B] The researchers’ assumption.
[C] The research’s principle.
[D] The research’s process.
【答案】 D
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们先研究地球上最早的细胞是如何形成的;再根据第二段第三句可知,接下来,他们将使用一个强大的新望远镜来观察宇宙中遥远的地方。综上所述,第二段主要讲述了科学家们为解决问题所做的事情,即讲述了研究的过程。故选D。
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “springs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
[A] Seasons. [B] Fountains.
[C] Jumps. [D] Cracks.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第三段的“Each spring consists of ... passes through.”可知,spring由小洞连接而成,水可以从中流过。由此推测,springs指的是“喷泉”。故选B。
(　　)6.Which of the following can directly allow scientists to find places supporting life in the universe
[A] Using a powerful telescope.
[B] Discovering all the exoplanets.
[C] Sending a satellite into space.
[D] Researching gases around the planet.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,发送卫星到太空可以直接帮助科学家们发现太空中存在生命的地方。故选C。
(　　)7.What might be the author’s attitude towards finding life in space
[A] Subjective. [B] Vague.
[C] Negative. [D] Optimistic.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,我们很有可能很快在其他星球上找到生命的迹象,一颗新的太空卫星也可以帮助寻找生命。由此推断,作者对在太空中发现生命持乐观态度。故选D。
C
(2024-2025学年广东惠州高三第二次调研)
Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources,but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb,jump,and carry loads many times of its own weight.
The robot,mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York,along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin,is powered by tiny actuators (致动器).“The actuator looks like a column.It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top,” said Aubin.
The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet.To make the robot jump or climb,a stream of methane (甲烷) and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked (触发) with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion,causing the rubber to change its form.
Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber.
But they provided considerable propulsion:The robot could jump to a height of 56 centimetres and carry a load 22 times of its own weight.
“This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby,a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois.
Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd,described in a paper published in Science,would need further development for use in the field.“ At the moment,it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery,a limitation that presents a ing up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Ryan Truby.“This is the next big challenge to address.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新研发的昆虫机器人。它利用微型爆炸引起橡胶形变作为能量驱动,虽小却能负载数十倍于自身重量的重担,有望应用于众多领域。
(　　)8.Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out
[A] Because it is extremely tiny and light.
[B] Because it is equipped with a column.
[C] Because it is extremely swift and quick.
[D] Because it is driven by explosive force.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,该机器人的特别之处在于它是由微小的爆炸推动的。故选D。
(　　)9.What happens when a stream of methane and oxygen is sparked
[A] The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot.
[B] The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement.
[C] The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot.
[D] The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,甲烷和氧气的反应产生能量,引起橡胶形变,从而驱动机器人。故选C。
(　　)10.What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
[A] Ability to move.
[B] Possibility to develop.
[C] Force to push things.
[D] Electricity to spark gases.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第四段画线词后的内容可知,机器人可以跳到56厘米的高度,并携带22倍于自身重量的物品。因此,微小的爆炸提供了相当大的推动力。由此可推知,画线词意为“推动力”。故选C。
(　　)11.How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built
[A] They can use more actuators to provide larger power.
[B] They can design programs to control the robot efficiently.
[C] They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly.
[D] They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,“想出在无线机器人上燃烧燃料的方法并不容易。”“这是下一个需要解决的重大挑战。”由此可推知,他们可以研究如何实现无线能量传输。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In high school,I did a scientific experiment.The experiment made me 　1　 that science could teach us a lot.It teaches us the 　2　 so we know where we are from.That day,I firmly 　3　 to be a scientist.Ever since that day,I have studied harder 　4　 in all my science-related subjects.After school,I do much research on how I can become a 　5　 scientist in the future.
One of my 　6　 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock,who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.At 25, she already had her PhD in botany.
After that,she started her 　7　 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she 　8　 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 　9　 to achieve my ambition as a scientist,I want to be like Doctor McClintock.She 　10　 something that helped the other scientists 　11　 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 　12　 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it.If I achieve my goal,I will share my 　13　 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists.My future will be as 　14　 as the stars in the night sky.However,my future is still far.I will make the most of the 　15　 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者立志成为一名科学家,尽管未来很遥远,但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
(　　)1.[A] suspect [B] wonder
[C] realise [D] value
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文描述科学教会了我们的具体内容可知,该空表示那次实验让作者意识到(realise)了科学能教会我们很多东西。故选C。
(　　)2.[A] school [B] origin
[C] growth [D] study
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空后的内容“so we know where we are from”可知,科学教了我们起源(origin)。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] refused [B] volunteered
[C] continued [D] decided
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“science could teach us a lot”可知,作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西;再根据下文可知,作者更加努力地学习与科学有关的学科,所以该空描述作者决定(decided)成为一名科学家。故选D。
(　　)4.[A] especially [B] possibly
[C] properly [D] separately
【答案】 A
【解析】 上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家,所以会对与科学相关的课程尤其(especially)关注。故选A。
(　　)5.[A] happy [B] popular
[C] real [D] careful
【答案】 C
【解析】 上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力,所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名真正的(real)科学家。故选C。
(　　)6.[A] experiences [B] persuasions
[C] generations [D] inspirations
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知,她是使作者产生动机的人(inspirations)之一。故选D。
(　　)7.[A] attempt [B] career
[C] praise [D] tradition
【答案】 B
【解析】 下文“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她事业(career)的具体内容。故
选B。
(　　)8.[A] devoted [B] invited
[C] limited [D] decreased
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“for the rest of her life”可知,Barbara McClintock把余生都奉献(devoted)给了那项研究。故选A。
(　　)9.[A] reason [B] freedom
[C] right [D] opportunity
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知,此处表示还未发生,所以是被给予成为科学家的机会(opportunity)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A] heard [B] expected
[C] discovered [D] awarded
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文的“something that helped the other scientists”可知,她发现(discovered)的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。故选C。
(　　)11.[A] set out [B] figure out
[C] stick out [D] break out
【答案】 B
【解析】 McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家弄清楚(figure out)关于遗传学的内容。故选B。
(　　)12.[A] dream [B] reward
[C] fame [D] stage
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前的动词“achieve”可知,这里指实现梦想(dream),同时呼应前文的“ambition”。故选A。
(　　)13.[A] fortune [B] location
[C] light [D] secret
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后的“of success with all the kids”可知,作者会和孩子们分享成功的秘诀(secret)。故选D。
(　　)14.[A] bright [B] capable
[C] proud [D] brave
【答案】 A
【解析】 作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星,所以应该是明亮的(bright)。故选A。
(　　)15.[A] lesson [B] present
[C] mind [D] heart
【答案】 B
【解析】 上文描述作者的未来还很遥远,所以此处应该是作者会充分把握现在(present)去实现自己的目标。故选B。
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UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
选择性必修　第二册
题组训练
(限时:35分钟　总分:42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made and some experience they accumulated.The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo,a famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty,was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou,Anhui Province).He led a simple life,away from fame and fortune.He would rather become a travelling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields,such as internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics and acupuncture.He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia about 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing,also known as Zhang Ji,was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province.He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time many people developed a kind of illness,which was caused by fever.Zhang’s family were no exception.The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine.He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhang Bozu,absorbing previous medicinal literature,collecting many prescriptions and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun.Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty.He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.
He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases,
but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代三位名医。
On this basis,it took him 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece,Compendium of Materia Medica,which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China.
(　　)1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common
[A] Their books never come out.
[B] They travelled extensively across China.
[C] They led the way worldwide in their own fields.
[D] They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,中国传统医学取得了巨大的进步,这得益于一些古代名医的巨大贡献和积累的一些经验。以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。可知本文提及的三位名医对中国传统医学做出了巨大贡献。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
[A] Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.
[B] Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.
[C] Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.
[D] Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Li Shizhen下面的“He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.”可知,李时珍从小就喜欢医学,并继承了他祖先的职业成为一名医生。可推知李时珍出身于医学世家。故选B。
(　　)3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear
[A] Healthy lifestyles.
[B] Daily entertainment.
[C] Historical figures.
[D] Fitness management.
C
【解析】 文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句“The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.”和下文的内容可知,本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景、李时珍三位中国古代名医及其贡献,由此可推测出,本文最有可能在杂志的历史人物版块出现。故选C。
B
The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science.Why and how did cells first appear Was this likely to have happened under the conditions at that time,or was it simply due to chance Could this happen in other places in the universe
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions.They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed.Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe.The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane,who is in charge of the University College London team,suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth’s ocean floor might have helped create life.Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.The team have created models of these springs in their lab.They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin.When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth’s surface,it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks.When the very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again,other chemical reactions occur.Lane explains,the conditions needed for life are rock,water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe,there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets.Furthermore,a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search and it will be the first space satellite to search other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years.When an exoplanet passes in front of its star,some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet.Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry,temperature and weather conditions of the planet.This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们一直在寻找生命的起源。
(　　)4.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
[A] The scientists’ routine.
[B] The researchers’ assumption.
[C] The research’s principle.
[D] The research’s process.
D
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们先研究地球上最早的细胞是如何形成的;再根据第二段第三句可知,接下来,他们将使用一个强大的新望远镜来观察宇宙中遥远的地方。综上所述,第二段主要讲述了科学家们为解决问题所做的事情,即讲述了研究的过程。故选D。
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “springs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
[A] Seasons. [B] Fountains.
[C] Jumps. [D] Cracks.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第三段的“Each spring consists of ... passes through.”可知,spring由小洞连接而成,水可以从中流过。由此推测,springs指的是“喷泉”。故选B。
(　　)6.Which of the following can directly allow scientists to find places supporting life in the universe
[A] Using a powerful telescope.
[B] Discovering all the exoplanets.
[C] Sending a satellite into space.
[D] Researching gases around the planet.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,发送卫星到太空可以直接帮助科学家们发现太空中存在生命的地方。故选C。
(　　)7.What might be the author’s attitude towards finding life in space
[A] Subjective. [B] Vague.
[C] Negative. [D] Optimistic.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,我们很有可能很快在其他星球上找到生命的迹象,一颗新的太空卫星也可以帮助寻找生命。由此推断,作者对在太空中发现生命持乐观态度。故选D。
C
(2024-2025学年广东惠州高三第二次调研)
Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources,but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb,jump,and carry loads many times of its own weight.
The robot,mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York,along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin,is powered by tiny actuators (致动器).“The actuator looks like a column.It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top,” said Aubin.
The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet.To make the robot jump or climb,a stream of methane (甲烷) and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked (触发) with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion,
causing the rubber to change its form.
Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber.But they provided considerable propulsion:The robot could jump to a height of 56 centimetres and carry a load 22 times of its own weight.
“This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby,a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois.
Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd,described in a paper published in Science,would need further development for use in the field.“ At the moment,it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery,a limitation that presents a ing up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Ryan Truby.
“This is the next big challenge to address.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新研发的昆虫机器人。它利用微型爆炸引起橡胶形变作为能量驱动,虽小却能负载数十倍于自身重量的重担,有望应用于众多领域。
(　　)8.Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out
[A] Because it is extremely tiny and light.
[B] Because it is equipped with a column.
[C] Because it is extremely swift and quick.
[D] Because it is driven by explosive force.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,该机器人的特别之处在于它是由微小的爆炸推动的。故选D。
(　　)9.What happens when a stream of methane and oxygen is sparked
[A] The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot.
[B] The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement.
[C] The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot.
[D] The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,甲烷和氧气的反应产生能量,引起橡胶形变,从而驱动机器人。故选C。
(　　)10.What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
[A] Ability to move.
[B] Possibility to develop.
[C] Force to push things.
[D] Electricity to spark gases.
C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第四段画线词后的内容可知,机器人可以跳到
56厘米的高度,并携带22倍于自身重量的物品。因此,微小的爆炸提供了相当大的推动力。由此可推知,画线词意为“推动力”。故选C。
(　　)11.How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built
[A] They can use more actuators to provide larger power.
[B] They can design programs to control the robot efficiently.
[C] They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly.
[D] They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,“想出在无线机器人上燃烧燃料的方法并不容易。”“这是下一个需要解决的重大挑战。”由此可推知,他们可以研究如何实现无线能量传输。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In high school,I did a scientific experiment.The experiment made me
　1　 that science could teach us a lot.It teaches us the 　2　 so we know where we are from.That day,I firmly 　3　 to be a scientist.Ever since that day,I have studied harder 　4　 in all my science-related subjects.After school,I do much research on how I can become a 　5　 scientist in the future.
One of my 　6　 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock,
who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.At 25, she already had her PhD in botany.After that,she started her 　7　 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she
　8　 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 　9　 to achieve my ambition as a scientist,I want to be like Doctor McClintock.She 　10　 something that helped the other scientists 　11　 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 　12　 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it.If I achieve my goal,I will share my 　13　 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists.
My future will be as 　14　 as the stars in the night sky.However,my future is still far.I will make the most of the 　15　 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者立志成为一名科学家,尽管未来很遥远,但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
(　　)1.[A] suspect [B] wonder
[C] realise [D] value
C
【解析】 根据下文描述科学教会了我们的具体内容可知,该空表示那次实验让作者意识到(realise)了科学能教会我们很多东西。故选C。
(　　)2.[A] school [B] origin
[C] growth [D] study
B
【解析】 根据空后的内容“so we know where we are from”可知,科学教了我们起源(origin)。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] refused [B] volunteered
[C] continued [D] decided
D
【解析】 根据上文的“science could teach us a lot”可知,作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西;再根据下文可知,作者更加努力地学习与科学有关的学科,所以该空描述作者决定(decided)成为一名科学家。故选D。
(　　)4.[A] especially [B] possibly
[C] properly [D] separately
A
【解析】 上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家,所以会对与科学相关的课程尤其(especially)关注。故选A。
(　　)5.[A] happy [B] popular
[C] real [D] careful
C
【解析】 上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力,所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名真正的(real)科学家。故选C。
(　　)6.[A] experiences [B] persuasions
[C] generations [D] inspirations
D
【解析】 根据下文介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知,她是使作者产生动机的人(inspirations)之一。故选D。
(　　)7.[A] attempt [B] career
[C] praise [D] tradition
B
【解析】 下文“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她事业(career)的具体内容。故选B。
(　　)8.[A] devoted [B] invited
[C] limited [D] decreased
A
【解析】 根据空后的“for the rest of her life”可知,Barbara McClintock把余生都奉献(devoted)给了那项研究。故选A。
(　　)9.[A] reason [B] freedom
[C] right [D] opportunity
D
【解析】 根据下文的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知,此处表示还未发生,所以是被给予成为科学家的机会(opportunity)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A] heard [B] expected
[C] discovered [D] awarded
C
【解析】 根据下文的“something that helped the other scientists”可知,她发现(discovered)的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。故选C。
(　　)11.[A] set out [B] figure out
[C] stick out [D] break out
B
【解析】 McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家弄清楚(figure out)关于遗传学的内容。故选B。
(　　)12.[A] dream [B] reward
[C] fame [D] stage
A
【解析】 根据空前的动词“achieve”可知,这里指实现梦想(dream),同时呼应前文的“ambition”。故选A。
(　　)13.[A] fortune [B] location
[C] light [D] secret
D
【解析】 根据空后的“of success with all the kids”可知,作者会和孩子们分享成功的秘诀(secret)。故选D。
(　　)14.[A] bright [B] capable
[C] proud [D] brave
A
【解析】 作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星,所以应该是明亮的(bright)。故选A。
(　　)15.[A] lesson [B] present
[C] mind [D] heart
B
【解析】 上文描述作者的未来还很遥远,所以此处应该是作者会充分把握现在(present)去实现自己的目标。故选B。

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