资源简介 (共46张PPT)第一章名词种类01专有名词02普通名词专有名词China, BeijingBob, JaneMarch, MondayWomen’s DayWorld Trade OrganizationChina Consumer’s Association国名、地名人名月份、星期节日机构团体the Great Wall专有名词的每个单词的首字母都要大写长城但虚词一般不大写,如the普通名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词表示一类人或者物的个体由若干个体组成的集合体表行为、状态、品质等的抽象概念无法区分个体的实物book, student, desk, penfamily, class, team, groupsuccess, health, happinessrain, rice, snow, water可数名词VS不可数名词一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词一般来说,所表示的事物或人不可以用数目来计算的名词有单复数形式可用a/ an修饰无复数形式不可用a/an修饰被分割之后是否有明显差别一、可数名词I. 规则的名词复数形式map– maps, seat– seats, girl-- girlsclass—classes, box—boxeswatch—watches, dish—dishesleaf—leaves, thief—thieves, knife—knives1. 一般情况直接在词尾加-s2. 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词, 在词尾加-es3. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词, 变f或fe为v再加-es口诀P4(1)以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-esparty—parties, story—stories, city—cities4. 以y结尾(2)以元音字母加y结尾的名词,加-stoy—toys, boy—boys, day—days5. 以“o”结尾(1)以辅音字母加o结尾的名词无生命,加-s有生命,加-es1) hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes 2) piano—pianos, photo—photos, kilo—kilos英雄喜欢吃番茄和土豆(2)以元音字母加o结尾的名词3) radio—radios, bamboo—bamboos, zoo—zoos加-sII. 不规则的名词复数形式man—men, foot—feet, child--children1.改变词中的元音字母或其他形式变化sheep—sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish2.单复数同形trousers, clothes, chopsticks3.常以复数形式出现people, police4.一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义为复数5.部分集体名词既可以作单数(指整体)也可以作复数(指成员)强调整体 强调成员class 班级 全班人family 家庭 家庭成员couple 一对 个体group 组织 组员team 队伍 队员This class is following the rules.这个班级遵守纪律。The class are listening to the teacher attentively.全班人都在全神贯注地听老师讲课。Sally’s family is a big one in the small town.萨利家是小镇上的一个大家族。My family have a good time in Tibet.我们全家人在西藏玩得很开心。isareishave整体成员整体成员集体名词看做整体时,谓语动词用单数若看做整体的成员时,谓语动词用复数6.表示“某国人”Chinese-- Chinese, Japanese--JapaneseEnglishman– EnglishmenFrenchwoman--FrenchwomenAmerican-- AmericansAustralian– AustraliansGerman--Germans(1)单复数形(2)以-man或 -woman结尾的改为 -men或-women(3)加-s中日不变英法变其余-s加后面Tips单复数同形的有哪些呢?Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer, sheepChinese and Japanese喜欢吃 fish, deer and sheep7.合成名词或名词作定语时一般情况下将最后一个名词变复数boy student– boy studentsapple tree– apple treeswoman doctor– women doctorsman nurse– men nurses如果第一个名词是man或woman时, 两个名词都要变复数physicsmathematics / mathsthe United States,newsbus物理数学美国新闻公交车8.以-s结尾,不一定就是可数名词复数 可能是单数或不可数名词Practice写出下列名词的复数形式mousegoosekangaroodeertomatobushousewifefishmicegeesekangaroosdeertomatoesbuseshousewivesfish1. He has four , All of them can brush their by themselves.children; toothchildren; teethchild; teethchild; tooth2. A group of are talking with two .German; FrenchmenFrenchmen; GermansFrenchman; GermanGermans; FrenchmanBB二、不可数名词help, information, education, money, news, homeworkmilk, water, butter, bread, pork, rice1.饮食wood, gold, silk, metalrain, snow, wind, grass, weather2.材料3.自然4.其他是否所有的不可数名词都只能不可数呢?当然不是!She looked up in surprise.她惊讶地抬起头。I have a surprise for you!我要告诉你一件意想不到的事情!1.表示情绪、情感的词,强调具体的人或事时常将名词具体化使用,可作可数名词。2.在固定搭配中have a rest 休息 catch a cold 感冒可数名词&不可数名词1) A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。2) I like eating oranges, but I don’t like drinking orange.我喜欢吃橙子,但我不喜欢喝橙汁。3.同形异义P5的第3.点三、量的表达常用的量词:glass 玻璃杯cup 茶杯bottle 瓶bowl 碗piece 片,块,张box 盒,箱bag 袋plate 盘tin 听,灌kilo 公斤a glass of milk/ watera cup of tea/ coffee一杯牛奶两杯茶三片面包四碗饭五箱苹果六斤鸡蛋基数词+量词+of+名词a glass of milktwo cups of teathree pieces of breadfour bowls of ricefive boxes of applesthree kilos of eggs1) A bottle of water is not enough. But three bottles of water are OK.一瓶水不够,但三瓶水就可以了。2) A box of apples is too heavy for me to carry.一箱的苹果太重了,我搬不动。isisare当名词前有量词限定时,谓语动词的单复数要与量词保持一致词义 修饰可数&不可数 只能修饰可数名词 只修饰不可数名词几乎没有一些, 几个许多, 大量a few,severallittlesome, anya lot of= lots of,plenty offewmany,a number ofa little,a bit ofmuch不定代词或固定短语来表达数量A kilo of apples 10 yuan. Two bags of milk 9 yuan. They are 19 yuan together.are; areare; isis; areis; isPracticeC( )1. —What can I do for you, Sir —________, please.A. Two pair of socksB. Two baskets of appleC. Two pairs of sockD. Two baskets of apples( )2. What good______! I have passed the test to get a driver's license.A. advice B. fact C. news D. reportDC( )3. —Do you know the woman who is looking over the patient —Yes, she is one of the best________ in our hospital.A. woman doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. women doctorB三、名词所有格Lucy’s father; the boy’s roomChildren’s Day; women’s right1.不以-s结尾的名词, 词尾加’sthe girls’ desk; Teachers’ Day2.以-s结尾的名词, 词尾加’sat Tom’s在汤姆的家at the doctor’s 在医务室3.表示“某人的家”、“医务室”或“店铺”时,所有格后不出现所修饰的名词I ’s所有格的构成(有生命)Tom and Tim’s room is very clean.汤姆和蒂姆的房间很干净。Jane and Mary’s friends are very nice.简和玛丽的朋友很好。Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms are vey big.露西和莉莉的房间都很大。4.“分别有”在每个名词后加 ’s5.“共有”在最后一个名词后加 ’s谓语动词用复数谓语动词由所有格后的名词单复数决定areareisII ’s所有格的构成(无生命)today's newspaper, 25 minutes' walkthe country's plan, the world's population1.用于表示时间的名词后2.用于表示国家、城市等地方的名词后a mile's journey, five dollars' apples3.用于表示距离、价格等的名词后III of 所有格the main idea of the story 故事的主要意思the flowers of the tree 树的花the leg of the chair 椅子的腿1. 用于表示无生命的名词之后the books of the students sitting near the windows 坐在窗边的学生的书2. 用于表示有生命的名词之后,尤其是较长定语时IV 双重所有格a friend of my father’s我父亲的一位朋友several classmates of Tom’s汤姆的几位同学the answer to the question 问题的答案the key to success 成功的关键1. 一般情况用“of”表示所属关系2. 少数名词用“to”表示所属关系Practice( ) 1. _____ mothers work in the same hospital.A. Tim and Peter's B. Tim's and Peter C. Tim's and Peter's D. Tim and Peter( )2. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a____ to his office.A. 20 minutes' walks B. 20 minute's walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walkCD( )3. September 10th is________.A. Children Day B. Teachers' DayC. Teacher's Day D. Womens' Day( )4. Look at the big and clean room. It's ________.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily D. Lucy and Lily'sBD四、名词辨析1. work和jobwork“工作”,多指体力的或脑力的努力或活动,为不可数名词;job“工作,职业”,多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动,为可数名词。A teacher has much ________ every day, such as preparing for classes, checking homework and talking to students. 一个老师每天都有很多工作,例如备课、检查作业及和学生谈话。She is looking for a ________ as a reporter in Beijing. 她正在北京找一份记者的工作。【即学即练】work job2. cook和cookercook n. “厨师”, v. “烹饪”; cooker “厨具”。He is the best ________ in our town. 他是我们镇最好的厨师。My ________ is broken, so I have to go out for dinner tonight. 我的厨具坏了, 所以今晚只能出去吃饭。【即学即练】cook cooker3. problem和questionproblem总是与“困难”相联系,通常指客观上存在的等待解决的问题,尤其指比较棘手的难题;question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系,通常指人主观上产生的需要得到解答或解释的问题或疑问。He had some __________ walking after he broke his leg. 他伤了他的腿后走路有点困难了。I always ask a lot of __________ in class because I think it's good for my study.我总是在课堂上问很多问题, 因为我认为这对我学习很有好处。【即学即练】problems questions4. sound, voice和noisesound指自然界各种各样的声音;voice指人的嗓音;noise指噪音。Can you hear the ________ of opening the door Will there be a thief 你能听到开门的声音吗?会不会有贼呢?The loud ________ makes me annoyed! 那嘈杂声令我觉得很烦!Mary has a sweet ________. She can sing very well. 玛丽有甜美的嗓音。她唱歌唱得很好。【即学即练】soundnoisevoice5. road, street和wayroad指具体的公路、马路;street指街道;way指道路、途径。Be careful when you cross the ________. 当你过马路的时候要小心。Excuse me, can you tell me the ________ to the library 不好意思, 请问你能不能告诉我去图书馆的路?There are many flowers on both sides of the ________. 在街道的两旁有很多花。【即学即练】roadwaystreet6. home, house和familyhome指家,包括住处和家人;house指房子、住宅;family指家庭、家庭成员。I don't want to be away from ________ for too long. 我不想离家时间太长。My ________ is not very big but it is very comfortable. 我的房子不是很大, 但很舒服。I have a happy ________. 我有一个快乐的家。【即学即练】home housefamily7. population, people, personpopulation 指人口;people指具体的人,总用作复数;person指具体的一个人。China has a large ____________. 中国有很多人。Chinese ________ are friendly. 中国人很友好。Mary is an honest ________. 玛丽是一个诚实的人。【即学即练】population peopleperson8. amount和numberamount, number都指数量、总量,amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词。He wants to borrow a(n) ________ of money from me. 他想从我这里借一笔钱。A(n) ________ of fans are waiting for the pop star at the airport. 大量粉丝在机场等那个明星。【即学即练】amount number1) The number of tourists to London has dropped by 100,000.去伦敦的游客数量减少了10万。2)The number of waste becomes more and more.垃圾的数量变得越来越多。3) A number of students are planting the trees on the hill.许多学生正在山上种树。the number of ……的数量,谓语动词用单数;a number of 许多;大量,谓语动词用复数谢谢观看 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览