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主题五：历史文化【高考精粹】五年（2021-2025）高考英语真题专项训练分语境刷真题（ 含答案解析
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED
A．It has ended as planned. B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity. D．It is criticized by top chefs.
（2025·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction.
Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it.
Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up.
But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood.
And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award.
Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea.
5．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood
6．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error.
8．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did (In about 40 words)
（2025·北京·高考真题）Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others.
Experience TransForm
TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science.
Schedule of Programming
17 JulyTime Activities 14:00-15:00 Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30 Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00 Track Workshops 18 JulyTime Activities 9:30-11:00 Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15 Youth Panel 14:15-16:20 Track Keynotes
19 JulyTime Activities 8:00-12:00 Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00 Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45 Adult Workshops 20 JulyTime Activities 9:00-11:15 Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00 Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00 Celebration
Programming Tracks
·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture
·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities
·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles
·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics
9．TransForm allows the teens to____________.
A．select workshops for their parents B．prepare track topics for the camp
C．design programme activities D．attend hands-on sessions
10．According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in
A．Keynote Speech on 17 July. B．Youth Panel on 18 July.
C．Celebration on 19 July. D．Programme Showcase on 20 July.
11．What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks
A．Build urban communities. B．Serve as guides on a farm.
C．Learn about healthy living. D．Volunteer in a science lab.
（2024·天津·高考真题）阅读表达
Awake from a short sleep in her chair, my grandmother ran her fingers through her wavy white hair, looked out her window at the blue sky, and asked me what I would wish for if I had just one wish.
She often asks this, and I always answer the same way—“To have Granddad back” —which usually gets her reminiscing about him. Memories of their 67-year life together would always make her smile.
My grandmother was born in Ireland. In her teens, she moved to a poor village in England. At 28, my grandmother walked herself through the snow to birth her first child. When she was 50, she survived an emergency surgery. In her 60s, she suffered from arthritis(关节炎)but still managed to climb Snowdon, Wales’s tallest peak.
About a decade ago, I noticed that she began to lose her hearing. If I asked what she had for lunch, she might say, “Oh, the weather has been lovely today. ” She seemed to recycle the same handful of answers to my questions.
In recent years, I’ve been trying to show up for her more, in person. One day after I made us coffee, I asked her: “What’s the secret to being successful in your 90s ”
“Oh Richard, so many people are old at 60. They just want to sit all day. You won’t make it to 90 like that. You have to try. ”
“Try what ”
“Try walking, ” she said. “Try gardening. Try cooking. Trying doesn’t require a lot of trying. Just try a little . Like, with this coffee you’ve made us. I know you tried . ”
Even at 93, my grandmother still knits blankets for the local hospital’s babies and buys books to continue with her French. “Age is just another bot- her attempting to convince you of the impossible in the world, but actually the world is filled with possibilities,” she once said.
12．What does the underlined phrase mean in Paragraph 2 (no more than 2 words)
13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 (no more than 10 words)
14．Why did the author’s grandmother recycle the same answers to his questions (no more than 10 words)
15．How can people be successful in old age according to the author’s grandmother (no more than 10 words)
16．In your opinion, what can young people do to improve the quality of old people’s life (no more than 20 words)
（2024·天津·高考真题）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know.
That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start.
She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal.
I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right.
Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ”
She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.”
She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous ”
I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.”
She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.”
After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again.
17．Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club
A．To help with her performance.
B．To get the attention of her classmates.
C．To set an example for the rest of the class.
D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture.
18．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home
A．An event was going to happen.
B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal.
C．She gained recognition for her performance.
D．She memorized the poem sooner than others.
19．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie
A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree.
C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed.
20．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”
A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way.
B．By interpreting the two definitions separately.
C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions.
D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations.
21．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again
A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl.
C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny.
（2024·浙江·高考真题）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
22．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
23．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
24．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily (欣然地). B．Use diverse information sources.
C．Be selective information consumers. D．Protect the information environment.
25．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D．The Marshmallow Test for Children.
（2024·北京·高考真题）The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
At least three pair-teacher meetings
One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
26．In the programme, students will _________.
A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange
C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills
27．To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings
C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos
28．What do students need to do during the registration
A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework.
C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners.
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
29．What do we know about ARTS FIRST
A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B．It offers art courses for all ages.
C．It presents recreational activities. D．It is a major tourist attraction.
30．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures
A．Light Awash in Watercolor. B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C．Wheel Throwing. D．Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
31．What can you do together with Javier Marin
A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts.
C．Visit a local museum. D．Feed invertebrates.
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
32．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers’ needs. D．To reduce its running costs.
33．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
34．What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists.
35．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hoursWalk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hoursWalk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hoursWalk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
36．Which walk takes the shortest time
A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking.
C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
37．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A．Wear proper clothes. B．Join a walking club.
C．Get special permits. D．Bring a survival guide.
38．What do the four walks have in common
A．They involve difficult climbing. B．They are for experienced walkers.
C．They share the same start point. D．They are scheduled for the weekend.
（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
39．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks.
C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research.
40．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18.
41．What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather.
C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects.
（2024·浙江·高考真题）When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
42．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play. B．The shared house.
C．The sofa. D．The telephone box.
43．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice.
C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition.
44．What do we know about the “mini community library”
A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month.
45．Why did the author start to use the “library”
A．He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C．He found there were excellent free books.
D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
（2024·浙江·高考真题）Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
46．Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”
A．David Kisor. B．Joe McDonough.
C．Nathan Turner. D．Robbie McMath.
47．What can we learn about the two actors
A．They study in the same school. B．They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C．They are experienced on stage. D．They became friends ten years ago.
48．What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers
A．Research funding. B．Training opportunities.
C．Technical support. D．Educational resources.
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
49．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low-income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
50．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids’ parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work. D．There was no space for school gardens.
51．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far-reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short-lived. D．Unidentifiable.
52．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
53．Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
54．What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area.
55．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center.
（2023·上海·高考真题）The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
56 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
57 When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey. 58 This allows them to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. 59 Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
A．A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best.
B．Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program.
C．It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn't the same as online learning.
D．There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted.
E．One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers.
F．Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
（2023·上海·高考真题）In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit.
As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged (摇摆) his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature’s ideal breezes.
One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It was Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore.
Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager cars, in return, he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories.
When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead.
As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently, interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends.
Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance.
60．What connected Isla to Finn
A．The untouched expanse of wilderness.
B．Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets.
C．Circumstance and shared dreams.
D．The urban noise.
61．What drove Isla into despair
A．A dusk of crimson and purple.
B．A sudden storm.
C．The familiar trails.
D．A rocky embrace.
62．What were the villagers interested in
A．Finn’s confidence and intuition.
B．Isla’s respect for nature.
C．Isla and Finn’s exciting journey
D．The wild’s temptation.
63．What can we learn from the passage
A．Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass.
B．Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore.
C．The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend.
D．Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments.
（2023·上海·高考真题）The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
64 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources, but there’s also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it’s still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian. Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
65 When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems. There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress. Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. 66 This allows them time to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. 67 Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can’t get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
A．A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best.
B．Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program.
C．It’s clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn’t the same as online learning.
D．There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted.
E．One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers.
F．Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
（2023·天津·高考真题）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
68．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unforgettable sport event.
C．The stories behind the violins.
D．Her childhood memory.
69．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supportive
C．strict and demanding
D．tolerant and sympathetic
70．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration
A．The tune of the flutes.
B．The beat of the drums.
C．The sound of the violin.
D．The manner of the musicians.
71．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra
A．The steady improvement in her taste.
B．Her strong desire for success.
C．Her natural gift for music.
D．The rapid progress in her ability.
72．What message does Tara's story convey
A．It's never too young to learn.
B．A passionate interest works wonders.
C．Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D．Like mother, like daughter.
（2023·天津·高考真题）阅读表达
Growing up in San Francisco, Grace Young used to watch her father shop daily in Chinatown for whatever he needed to make traditional Chinese meals at home. As an award-winning cookbook author, Ms. Young, now 66, has spent decades shopping the same way in New York’s Chinatown.
Ms. Young developed a passion for cooking at an early age. At 13, she started to sit in on cooking classes. After college, Ms. Young moved to New York and worked in a book-packaging company. In her 30s, she realized that while she had helped create more than 40 cookbooks, she didn’t know how to make the dishes that tasted of home. “I knew if I recorded all of my parents’ recipes, it would be a great gift that I could give my family and the next generation.” she says.
Yet what began as a recipe book became a kind of memoir. Talking about food encouraged her parents to finally open up about their past, like the fact that her father had owned a Chinatown restaurant in the 1940s. “It was really an amazing way to learn not only my family’s recipes, but also my family’s story. “she says. The Wisdom of the Chinese Kitchen (1999) launched Ms. Young’s work in preserving and sustaining Chinese culinary (烹饪的)traditions.
Ms. Young has also devoted herself to supporting the restaurants in Chinatown. Since early 2020, Ms. Young has raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and deliver them to those in need. This year, instead of cooking at home for her husband and friends, she celebrated the Chinese New Year with various dishes from local restaurants in Chinatown. “If these restaurants don’t survive, Chinese culinary traditions in our city won’t survive.” she says.
73．What is Ms. Young known as (no more than 5 words)
74．Why did Ms. Young want to record her parents’ recipes (no more than 15 words)
75．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 3 (no more than 2 words)
76．What has Ms. Young done to help Chinatown restaurants Please give an example. (no more than 15 words)
77．How does Ms. Young inspire you in her efforts to preserve Chinese Culinary traditions Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
（2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 78
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 79
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 80 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 81 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
82 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A．Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
（2022·上海·高考真题）Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. 83 Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost a $22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections, creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between $100 — 500 annually. Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. 84
But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration.
85 Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.
Creators only receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52 for each book in public library collections.
At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. 86
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
A．However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books.
B．This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing.
C．Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more.
D．Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
E．Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books.
F．For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.
（2022·上海·高考真题）Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated (像素化的) works with hand placed colour-chips, synonymous with colour swatches (色块), cleverly combining text and image to create interesting and fascinating collaged (拼贴的) works.
With a previous career in Interior Design spanning 11 years, Nick references his concept design background throughout his work, reworking the design aesthetic using unique colour swatches in hand-made collages, placing his work firmly in the fine art category. From his first collage experiment back in 2011 of Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’, when he assembled a tessellation (镶嵌技术) of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for.
The multi-layered element of his work, which marries image and word, allows Nick to explore complex art-historical concepts. The text employed is often narrative, which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work. This additional element of text, placed under the empty space of each swatch, creates either complimentary or subversive meanings. Nick deliberately leaves these word/image constructions open to viewer interpretation, sparking new debates and meanings.
Each P-series, such as Psycolourgy 2015, Purgatory 2019, explores complicatedly researched concepts, which are always the crucial starting point for each new series of work. Producing large-scale works to micro-chip collages, and multiple sell out print editions, Nick continues to develop his popular and recognisable art.
PSYCOLOURGY — January 2015 Lawrence Alkin Gallery, London
Smith’s debut solo exhibition with Lawrence Alkin Gallery in Soho, London, launched his unique visual reworking of classic paintings from the 20th Century canon. Universally known works, including David Hockney’s ‘The Bigger Splash’, Andy Warhol’s ‘Soup Cans’ and Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Mona Lisa’ were all recast, creating original collages that enquire ideas of depiction, digitalisation and recognition. A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases, Psycolourgy forged Smith’s path to a place among Britain’s notable contemporary artists.
PURGATORY — December 2019 Context, Art Miami
Purgatory is a shiny, sticky, glossy exploration of our societies attitude and approach to our excess, addictions and desires.
Excerpts from Dante’s Purgatory are woven through colourful works depicting popular covetable consumables, creating symbolic representations of the seven sins. Dante explores possible penance (忏悔) for our earthly suffering leading to spiritual growth.The results of these pairings offer a humorous, nostalgic and subversive opportunity to question our choices, our history and our future.
87．What made Nick launch his art career
A．His deep love of fascinating collaged works.
B．His first collage work Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’.
C．The challenge of piecing a tessellation of swatches.
D．The collage experiment dating back to 2012.
88．Which of the following statements about the text Nick uses is true
A．His text contains concepts of art.
B．His text is usually illustrative.
C．His text can be read sequentially.
D．His text elements are very simple.
89．What do we know about PSYCOLOURGY
A．It opened Smith’s unique visual reinvention of classic 21st-century paintings.
B．David Hockney’s ‘Mona Lisa’ has been recreated by Lawrence Alkin Gallery.
C．The original collages affirm the ideas of depiction, digitisation and recognition.
D．It opened Smith’s path to becoming one of Britain’s leading contemporary artists.
90．What is the topic of this passage
A．Some useful ways to create collaged works.
B．The life of contemporary artist Nick Smith.
C．Information about Psycolourgy and Purgatory.
D．The introduction to Nick Smith’s works.
（2022·上海·高考真题）Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human-dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination, intensified meat production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones — natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a caveat: “We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the problems or eliminates all the trade-offs.”
Cynics (悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian , but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United States, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities.
Wernick and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center, which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, ire ore, cotton, etc.) in the U.S. economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said.
Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov. 6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”
91．What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the first paragraph
A．The balance between human development and natural ecology.
B．The profitability of import and export trade.
C．The consumption of natural resources by industrial development.
D．The difficult plight of economic growth.
92．Which of the following is true of the views of the new environmentalists
A．They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation.
B．They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future.
C．They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe.
D．They believe that mankind should limit economic growth.
93．What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage
A．Natural resources cannot support economic development.
B．More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time.
C．Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment.
D．All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak.
94．What is the passage mainly about
A．Urbanization and re-wildness.
B．Human existence and industrial development.
C．Socioeconomic development and resource consumption.
D．Commodity trading and raw material development.
（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will na

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