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介词和冠词07
常考介词分类
分类 例词
表示时间 in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from…to, behind, by, before, past
表示方位 in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, among, round
表示往返的方向 to, towards, round, around, through, across, from…to, into, out of, off, along
其他 by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without
1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前，但后面接时间段，意为“在……之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在……之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：
We are going to Beijing in two weeks.两周后我们将要去北京。
He went to America in 2003,after one year, he came back.他在2003年去了美国，一年后，他就回来了。
2.表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；on表示两个地点相互接壤；to则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。
Shandong is on the north of Henan.山东位于河南的北部。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东部。
3.between表示“在两者之间”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间”，侧重指人或物各自独立；而among强调彼此不分离。如：
We have too many desks in our class. There is hardly any room to move between them.我们教室里有太多的课桌，桌与桌之间几乎没有可以走动的空间了。
This village is among the hills.这个村子被群山环绕。
4.表示方位时，on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，通常两个物体表面不接触；over表示“在……的正上方”，强调在垂直的上方。如：
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一张地图。
The lights are above our heads.灯在我们头顶上。
Some birds are flying over the sea.有一些鸟在海上飞。
5.across和through均可译为“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同：across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；而through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行的。如：
The dog ran across the grass.这条狗跑过草地。
They walked through the forest.他们步行穿过森林。
（2）辨析
1.in front of和in the front of只差一个定冠词the，但用法不同：前者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容不存在包含关系；而后者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如：
Li Lei sits in front of me,but Wang Fang sits behind me.李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。
The desk is in the front of the classroom.书桌在教室的前面。
2.in the tree和on the tree都可以译为“在树上”，但用法不同：前者in the tree一般指本身不是树上的事物，而后者on the tree一般指树上本身长的东西。如：
I can see some birds in the tree.我能看到树上有一些小鸟。
There are some pears on the tree.树上结了一些梨。
3.in the wall表示嵌在墙里，而on the wall表示在墙的表面。如：
There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图。
4.“在太阳下”用in the sun，“在某人的帮助下”用with one’s help或with the help of sb.如：
Don’t read in the sun.别在太阳下看书。
With the teacher’s help，I got some progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了一些进步。
二、冠词分类
（1）不定冠词a(an)
用法 例子
1.a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前。 This is a useful book. He is an honest boy.
2.用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可数的单数名词前，表示“一个”，相当于one。 Here is a map of the United States. I have a story book.
3.用在可数的、单数形式的普通名词前，表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”等。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. We take computer lessons once a week.
4.抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用，表示“一种、一场”等。 It’s a pleasure to have a chat with you.
5.用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物中的任何一个。 The sun is a star. A knife is used for cutting.
6.用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”等。 He copied the article a third time.
7.用于固定短语中。 have a look, a lot of, have a good time, a little, a few
注意
1.有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但使用不定冠词an。如：hour和honest以辅音字母h开头，但h并不发音，因此用an。
2.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但使用不定冠词a。如：useful和university以元音字母u开头，但u发/ｊｕ?/音，故使用a。
（2）定冠词the
用法 例子
1.用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前，表示特指。 Tom, come to the blackboard, please.
2.用于再次被提到的名词前。 There is a book on the desk. The book is Tom’s.
3.和一些名词连用，表示类别。 The light bulb was invented by Edison.
4.用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。 Hand me the new book, please.
5.用于形容词的最高级或序数词前。 Tom is the tallest in our class.
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10.用于一些固定短语中。 by the way, in the end
（3）不用冠词的情况
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
一、单项选择
1．The class teacher is asking students to write ________ honesty contract.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．Look! ________ boy over there is playing ________ guitar. He is ________ excellent player.
A．A, the, a B．The, /, an C．The, the, an D．A, /, the
3．My hometown, Xuyi, is ________ wonderful place to visit.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
4．This is ________ eraser, and ________ eraser is my sister’s.
A．the; the B．an; the C．an; an D．an; a
5．Take ________ umbrella with you. It’s ________ useful tool on rainy days.
A．a; an B．an; an C．an; a D．a; a
6．—How about ________ with us this afternoon
—Of course, I’d love to.
A．playing the basketball B．playing drums
C．playing volleyball D．playing the chess
7．My elder brother became a professional basketball player ________ the age of twenty.
A．in B．on C．at D．with
8．I play football twice a week, usually___________ weekends.
A．at B．in C．for D．by
9．Thai Elephant Day is ________ 13 March.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
10．Doctors suggest that we shouldn’t read ________ the sun because it’s harmful to our eyes.
A．in B．to C．on D．at
11．In the Zhou Dynasty, Chinese people began to store winter ice to enjoy ________ summer.
A．in B．at C．on D．of
12．We have supper ________ six ________ the evening.
A．at; at B．at; in C．in; at D．in; in
13．He arrived ________ Beijing on the evening of July 27th.
A．to B．in C．on D．at
二、用冠词填空
14．He didn’t want to go the expectation of his parents.（违反）
15．The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular the foreigners.（在……当中）
16．The temperature in our hometown usually drops zero in winter． （在……以下）
17．Kevin is excellent baseball player.
18．Chinese people usually have big meal with their family and friends to celebrate important days.
19．I bought new handbag. There was “s” on the corner.
20．My family want to visit Great Wall this summer holiday.
21． Browns are going to visit Shenyang next week.
三、完形填空
根据短文内容，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Tom’s office is a little far from his home. Every day, he has to take a bus to 22 . But the bus is always crowded (拥挤的) and he 23 like it. So he plans to buy a bike and 24 to his office.
One day, he saw an advertisement (广告) in a newspaper. It was for a bike that cost 500 yuan. It was really beautiful. So he went to the shop to 25 .
After looking at the bike carefully, Tom 26 to the manager (经理), “There’s no light on this bike 27 there was one on the bike in your advertisement.”
“Yes, sir,” answered the manager,” but the price of the bike doesn’t include (包括) the light. It’s extra (额外的收费). If you 28 to buy the light, you need to pay more 29 for it.”
“Not included in the price of the bike ” Tom asked angrily. “But that’s not honest (诚实的). If the light is in the advertisement, you should sell me a bike 30 a light.”
“Well, sir,” answered the manager, “there is 31 a girl on the bike in our advertisement. Shall we give you one of those, too ”
22．A．study B．work C．travel D．eat
23．A．don’t B．isn’t C．wasn’t D．doesn’t
24．A．watch B．take C．ride D．go
25．A．have a look B．have a walk C．have a rest D．have a good time
26．A．took B．had C．said D．called
27．A．or B．if C．and D．but
28．A．let B．help C．want D．think
29．A．time B．money C．age D．information
30．A．have B．has C．with D．on
31．A．else B．also C．too D．always
四、任务型阅读
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Coffee shops (咖啡店) for pet lovers are getting popular. In these coffee shops, people can drink hot coffee and play with cute animals at the same time. Now, let me tell you about three nice animal coffee shops.
Molly Coffee has dogs and cats. When you get to the shop, you can eat, drink and play with the cute animals.
Bunny Coffee has many rabbits (兔子). You can play with the rabbits and give them vegetables. If you really like the rabbits there, you can even buy one. Oh! Remember! Kids under five can’t go there.
Amix Coffee is the first and only fish coffee shop in the world. The first floor (层) of this coffee shop looks the same as other coffee shops. But when you go to the second and third floors, you can see people drink coffee when beautiful fish swim at their feet (脚).
Every day, many parents take their children to Amix Coffee. Do you want to have coffee there Well, you need to follow some rules. First, you need to take off your shoes. Second, you have to clean your feet. Third, you can’t run after the fish.
32．What animals are there in Molly Coffee
33．Who can’t go to the Bunny Coffee
34．Which floor of Amix Coffee is different from other coffee shops
35．What are the rules in Amix Coffee (写出两条即可)
36．Which coffee shop do you like best Why
五、短文填空
请根据需要，在短文空格处填入合适的冠词，用零冠词的地方填“/”。
Wang Yueyue works at a supermarket in Yangzhou. 37 other day, her mobile phone travelled from Yangzhou to Shanghai for a day without its owner. And this story has brought 38 smile to lots of Chinese netizens (网民).
After she lost it on Monday, Wang didn’t expect to see 39 mobile phone again. Wang was packing vegetables into boxes to be sent to Shanghai to help with the city’s food supply (供应) during the lockdown (封控).
Wearing 40 sweater with small pockets, she had already dropped her phone on the floor three times before the phone disappeared. Looking around, Wang couldn’t find her phone anywhere. She guessed that it dropped in one of the boxes. Her sister posted on Sina Weibo: “Anyone in Shanghai who got a mobile phone in 41 delivery box (快递箱) please contact me. My sister was busy packing the supplies and carelessly left her phone in one of the boxes.”
42 post was quickly spread online. Wang Yongyong, a supply chain manager in 43 Shanghai’s Hongqiao Town,saw it on Tuesday. She, together with some volunteers,helped to search the packs and managed to find the phone in a truck.
Many local people said in their WeChat groups that they should try their best to find the phone in order not to fail the people who were helping them.
It was 44 interesting experience for Wang Yueyue,and her mobile phone.
/ 让学习更有效 暑假打卡计划 | 英语学科
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案
1．B
【详解】句意：班主任要求学生们写一份诚信协议。
考查冠词。a表示泛指，且用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an表示泛指，且用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/零冠词。根据“The class teacher is asking students to write ... honesty contract.”可知，此处指一份诚信协议，且honesty发音以元音音素开头，故用不定代词an。故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：看！那边的那个男孩在弹吉他。他是一个优秀的演奏者。
考查冠词。the定冠词，特指对象或用于乐器名称前；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前。第一个空后“boy over there”，指特定男孩，应用定冠词the；第二个空“play…guitar”，乐器前应用定冠词the；第三个空“excellent”以元音音素开头，泛指“一个”优秀演奏者，应用不定冠词an。故选C。
3．A
【详解】句意：我的家乡盱眙是一个值得一游的好地方。
考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/不填。由“My hometown, Xuyi, is ... wonderful place to visit”可知，此处表泛指，一个地方，wonderful以辅音音素开头。故选A。
4．B
【详解】句意：这是一个橡皮擦，这个橡皮擦是我妹妹的。
考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指，且eraser是以元音音素开头的，因此填an。第二空后的eraser是前文提到的，用定冠词the。故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：带上你的伞，它是雨天里一个有用的工具。
考查冠词的用法。第一空，umbrella以元音音素/ /开头，需用不定冠词“an”； 第二空，useful以辅音音素/j/开头，需用“a”。 故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：——今天下午和我们一起打排球怎么样？——当然，我愿意去。
考查冠词用法。球类运动名称前不加冠词，乐器名称前需加the，游戏名称如国际象棋（chess）前也不加冠词，play volleyball“打排球”，是固定搭配。故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：我哥哥在二十岁时成为了一名职业篮球运动员。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面；on在……上面；at处于……状态；with和。根据“My elder brother became a professional basketball player…the age of twenty.”可知，此处指“在二十岁时”，at the age of“在……年纪”，固定搭配。故选C。
8．A
【详解】句意：我每周踢两次足球，通常在周末。
考查介词辨析。at在，用于表示具体的时间点或较短的时间段；in用于较大的时间范围；for表示动作持续的时间；by到……为止。根据“weekends”及固定短语“at weekends”可知，at符合句意。故选A。
9．C
【详解】句意：泰国大象日是在3月13日。
考查介词辨析。at在，用于具体时刻；in在，用于年、月、季节等较长时间范围；on在，用于具体的某一天；for后常接一段时间。根据“13 March”可知，3月13日是具体的日期，在具体日期前用介词on。故选C。
10．A
【详解】句意：医生建议我们不要在阳光下阅读，因为这对我们的眼睛有害。
考查介词辨析。in在……里；to到；on在……上；at在。根据“because it’s harmful to our eyes”以及选项可知，此处表示医生建议我们不要在阳光下阅读。in the sun“在阳光下”。故选A。
11．A
【详解】句意：在周朝，中国人开始储存冬天的冰在夏天享受。
考查介词。in在某年某月某季节；at在某时刻；on在某一天；of……的。空后是季节，用介词in。故选A。
12．B
【详解】句意：我们晚上六点吃晚饭。
考查介词。at后接时刻；in后接年份、月份或泛指的早上、下午以及晚上。第一空后是具体时刻“六点”，空处应是at；in the evening“在晚上”，是固定搭配。故选B。
13．B
【详解】句意：他于7月27日晚抵达北京。
考查介词辨析。to到；in在里面；on在上面；at在。此处指“到达北京”，到达大地点用短语arrive in。故选B。
14．against
【详解】句意：他不想违背父母的期望。故填against。违反：against，介词； go against违背，固定短语。故填against。
15．among
【详解】句意：这个关于如何学习汉语的应用程序在外国人中很受欢迎。分析“The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular…the foreigners.”可知，此处表示“在（三者及以上）之间”，用among表示，故填among。
16．below
【详解】句意：我们家乡冬天的气温通常降到零度以下。根据The temperature in our hometown usually drops...zero in winter，可知，此处指“温度降到零度以下”，below表示“在……以下”，故填below。
17．an
【详解】句意：凯文是一名优秀的棒球运动员。“player”是可数名词单数，这里表示泛指“一名”，要用不定冠词。“excellent”是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词要用“an”，故填an。
18．a
【详解】句意：中国人通常与家人和朋友一起吃大餐来庆祝重要的日子。根据“have...big meal”可知，此处泛指吃一顿丰盛的饭菜，应用不定冠词，big是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰，故填a。
19． a an
【详解】句意：我买了一个新手提包。在角落上有一个字母“s”。第一空泛指一个新手提包，且new是以辅音音素/n/开头，用不定冠词a表示“一个”；第二空泛指一个字母“s”，且“s”是以元音音素/e/开头，用不定冠词an表示“一个”。故填a；an。
20．the
【详解】句意：今年暑假，我们全家想去参观长城。the Great Wall长城，故填the。
21．The
【详解】句意：布朗一家计划下周访问沈阳。“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”，句首首字母大写，故填The。
22．B 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了Tom不想挤公交车去上班，想买一辆自行车来代步，讲述了他去店里买自行车发生的故事。
22．句意：每天，他都要乘公共汽车去上班。
study学习；work工作；travel旅行；eat吃。根据“Tom’s office is a little far from his home. Every day, he has to take a bus to...”可知，他每天要坐公交车去工作。故选B。
23．句意：但是公交车总是很挤，并且他不喜欢坐公交车。
don’t不，主语为非三单；isn’t不是，一般现在时；wasn’t不是，一般过去时；doesn’t不，主语为三单。根据“But the bus is always crowded”可知，他不喜欢坐公交车，对实义动词like进行否定需要用助动词don’t或doesn’t，主语he为第三人称单数，此处用doesn’t。故选D。
24．句意：所以他计划买一辆自行车，骑到他的办公室。
watch观看；take带走；ride骑；go去。根据“buy a bike”可知，此处是骑自行车去上班。故选C。
25．句意：于是他去商店看了看。
have a look看一看；have a walk散步；have a rest休息；have a good time玩得开心。根据“After looking at the bike carefully”可知，去店里看一看自行车。故选A。
26．句意：汤姆仔细看了看自行车后，对经理说：“这辆自行车上没有灯，但你的广告里有一盏灯。”
took拿；had有；said说；called打电话。根据“There’s no light on this bike...there was one on the bike in your advertisement.”可知，汤姆在和经理说话。故选C。
27．句意：汤姆仔细看了看自行车后，对经理说：“这辆自行车上没有灯，但你的广告里有一盏灯。”
or或者；if如果；and并且；but但是。根据“There’s no light on this bike...there was one on the bike in your advertisement.”可知，空处前后表转折。故选D。
28．句意：如果你想买灯，你需要付更多的钱。
let让；help帮助；want想要；think认为。根据“If you...to buy the light, you need to pay more...for it.”可知，想要买灯就要多给钱。故选C。
29．句意：如果你想买灯，你需要付更多的钱。
time时间；money金钱；age年龄；information信息。根据“It’s extra”可知，灯需要额外的付费。故选B。
30．句意：如果广告上有灯，你应该卖给我一辆有灯的自行车。
have有；has有；with带有，介词；on在……上面。根据“you should sell me a bike...a light”可知，此处指一个带有灯的自行车，此句已有谓语动词，故此空应填介词with。故选C。
31．句意：在我们的广告中也有一个骑自行车的女孩。
else其他的；also也，常用于句中；too也，常用于句末；always总是。根据“there is...a girl on the bike in our advertisement”可知，广告里也有一个骑自行车的女孩，此空位于句中应填also。故选B。
32．Dogs and cats. 33．Kids under five. 34．The second and third floors. 35．Take off your shoes./Clean your feet./Don’t run after the fish.（写出其中任意两条即可） 36．I like Bunny Coffee. Because I like feeding rabbits. They’re very cute.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【导语】本文介绍了三家不错的动物咖啡店。
32．根据“Molly Coffee has dogs and cats”可知，这个咖啡店有狗和猫。故填Dogs and cats.
33．根据“Remember! Kids under five can’t go there.”可知，五岁以下的孩子不能去。故填Kids under five.
34．根据“The first floor (层) of this coffee shop looks the same as other coffee shops. But when you go to the second and third floors, you can see people drink coffee when beautiful fish swim at their feet (脚).”可知，咖啡店的二楼和三楼和其他咖啡店不一样。故填The second and third floors.
35．根据“Well, you need to follow some rules. First, you need to take off your shoes. Second, you have to clean your feet. Third, you can’t run after the fish.”可知，首先，你需要脱下你的鞋子。第二，你必须清洁你的脚。第三，你不能追着鱼跑。故填Take off your shoes./Clean your feet./Don’t run after the fish.（写出其中任意两条即可）
36．开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为I like Bunny Coffee. Because I like feeding rabbits. They’re very cute.
37．The 38．a 39．the 40．a 41．a 42．The 43．/ 44．an
【导语】本文讲述了扬州超市员工王悦悦在打包物资时手机不慎掉进送往上海的箱子，其姐发帖寻找，最终手机被找到，此事给网民带来温暖的故事 。
37．句意：前几天，她的手机在没有主人的情况下从扬州到上海“旅行”了一天。根据“the other day”这一固定短语可知，此处表示特指，故填The。
38．句意：这个故事给很多中国网民带来了笑容。这里表示“一个”笑容，是泛指，smile的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
39．句意：周一手机丢失后，王悦悦没想到还能再见到那部手机。此处特指前面提到的她丢失的那部手机，故填the。
40．句意：她穿着一件有小口袋的毛衣。这里表示“一件”毛衣，是泛指，sweater的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
41．句意：在上海的朋友，如果有人在快递箱里发现一部手机，请联系我。这里表示“一个”快递箱，是泛指，delivery的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
42．句意：这条帖子很快在网上传播开来。此处特指前面提到的王悦悦姐姐发的那条微博帖子，故填The。
43．句意：上海虹桥镇的一位供应链经理王永永周二看到了这条帖子。在表示地点的名词Shanghai前，一般不加冠词，故填/。
44．句意：这对王悦悦和她的手机来说是一次有趣的经历。这里表示“一次”有趣的经历，是泛指，interesting的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
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