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祈使句和感叹句08
【祈使句】
含义
祈使句表达请求、命令、警告、劝告、禁止等含义。一般以动词原形开头，常省略主语 “you”，句末用感叹号或句号，读时常用降调。
二、祈使句的类型
1.Do 型
肯定形式：实义动词原形 + 其他。
例如：Open the door!（打开门！）
否定形式：Don't + 实义动词原形 + 其他。
例如：Don't forget to turn off the lights.（别忘了关灯。）
2.Be 型
肯定形式：Be + 形容词。
例如：Be careful!（小心！）
否定形式：Don't + e + 形容词。
例如：Don't be lazy.（别偷懒。）
3.Let 型
肯定形式：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。
例如：Let's play football.（咱们踢足球吧。）
否定形式：
Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。
例如：Don't let the dog in the house.（别让狗进屋子。）
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他。例如：Let him not go out alone.（别让他一个人出去。）
4.No 型
结构：No + 名词／动词 - ing。
例如：No parking.禁止停车。
No littering.禁止乱扔垃圾。
No smoking!禁止吸烟
No fishing!禁止钓鱼
No parking!禁止停车
三、 祈使句+ or/and+简单句=if引导的条件状语从句
例如：Hurry up, or we will miss the train.= If we don’t hurry up, we will miss the train.
四、祈使句的回答
祈使句通常表示将要发生的动作，回答时一般用 “will” 或 “won't”。回答肯定形式的祈使句用 “will”，回答否定形式的祈使句用 “won't”。
例如：
“Please call me tomorrow.（请明天给我打电话。）”
“OK, I will.（好的，我会的。）”
“Don't run in the hallway.（不要在走廊里跑。）”
“Sorry, I won't.（对不起，我不会了。）”
【感叹句】
结构：
1）what + 名词或名词性短语
What a big garden (it is)!
What an interesting storybook (it is) !
What lovely weather (it is)!
What pretty girls (they are)!
2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词
How nice!
How beautiful the flowers are!
How tall Yao Ming is!
一、单项选择
1．“Don’t ________ on the computer. It’s time for class,” says my teacher.
A．play B．playing C．plays D．played
2．—________ silent, please! You are in the library.
—I’m sorry, madam.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept
3．Don’t ________ loudly in the library.
A．to talk B．talking C．talks D．talk
4．________ hard and you are sure to get the answer.
A．To think B．Thought C．Think D．Thinking
5．— Don’t forget to bring your book here next time, Lily
—________. I must remember to bring it here every time.
A．Yes, I won’t B．Yes, I do C．No, I can’t D．Sorry, I won’t
6．Eat more healthy food and do sports often, ________ you may get fat.
A．if B．but C．or D．so
7．China gives plenty of food to children in Pakistan (巴基斯坦). ________ kind country China is!
A．What B．How C．What a D．How a
8．________ good news! The music festival held in the Sculpture Park was really a success.
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
9．—______ nice weather it is!
—Yes. Let’s go out for a picnic.
A．What B．How C．What a D．How a
10．________ present it is! Thank you very much.
A．What a specially B．What special a C．What special D．What a special
二、完成句子
11．孩子们，等一下！我们不能在街上放烟花。
Kids, ! We can’t fireworks in the street.
12．由于妈妈要做太多的家务，让我们轮流帮助她吧。
As mom has too much housework to do, let’s help her.
13．信不信由你，这只鹦鹉正在重复我的话。
it or not, the parrot is my words.
14．不要担心你的学习。我将给你一些好主意。
Don’t your study. I will give you some good ideas.
15．孩子们，不要在马路上踢足球。那很危险。
football on the street, children. It’s dangerous.
16．快点! 公交车来了。
! The bus is coming.
17．外面很大雨。别出去!
! It’s raining cats and dogs.
18．他取得的成就真惊人！
achievements he has made!
三、完形填空
Do you like living in cities or villages I work in Shanghai. People 19 it is a big and famous city. But it’s not easy for me 20 here. I don’t have much money to buy a house. So I have to rent (租用) one. The house is across 21 the train station. I can see trains come and go from my house. It’s noisy all day. I can’t sleep 22 at night.
The traffic here is 23 , too. You can’t imagine that there are too many cars on the street. So it’s 24 for me to drive to work. There are also many people on the bus and in the subway. People are everywhere.
I have to spend lots of money living here. To get more money, I work hard during the day and often 25 to work at night.
It is a little bit tired, but I still 26 my life in the city. City life is interesting and exciting. I 27 visit different places on the weekend. Now my parents move to Shanghai and I can live with my 28 . Whether you live in cities or villages, learn to enjoy your life.
19．A．think B．keep C．want D．see
20．A．to play B．to live C．to sleep D．to show
21．A．in B．from C．at D．to
22．A．slowly B．early C．late D．well
23．A．free B．quiet C．terrible D．noisy
24．A．relaxing B．easy C．difficult D．important
25．A．take out B．go out C．carry out D．look out
26．A．forget B．study C．leave D．enjoy
27．A．need B．can C．have to D．must
28．A．family B．friends C．pets D．classmates
四、阅读理解
In the rolling hills of the English countryside, you can find many traditional farms. These farms are home to different animals that play important roles in the daily life of the farm. Let’s take a closer look at some of these animals and find out how they contribute (贡献) to the farm.
Sheep are a common sight on British farms. They have thick, fluffy wool that keeps them warm in the cold winters. Farmers shear the sheep once a year to collect the wool. Then people used it to make warm sweaters and blankets. Sheep also help keep the fields tidy and healthy by eating grass.
Cows are large, gentle animals that provide milk. British farms often have dairy cows (奶牛) that are milked twice a day. The milk is used to make cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products. Cows also help maintain (维持) the fields by eating lots of grass.
Pigs are smart and curious animals. They often root (拱土觅食) around in the soil with their strong noses. This helps turn the soil and makes it easier for farmers to plant crops. Pigs also eat leftover food from the farm. It helps reduce waste.
Horses have been a part of British farming for centuries. They are strong and can carry heavy things. Horses are also used for riding and can help farmers move around the farm quickly.
Chickens are small birds that lay eggs. Farmers collect these eggs and sell them at local markets. Chickens also eat insects, which helps keep the farm free from pests (害虫). Their droppings (兽粪) are used as fertilizer, which helps the plants grow.
All these animals work together to make British farms productive (高产的) and beautiful places.
29．What does the underlined word “shear” mean in the passage
A．To cut the wool from sheep. B．To milk cows.
C．To collect eggs. D．To ride horses.
30．Which of the following animals helps reduce waste on the farm by eating leftover food
A．Sheep. B．Cows. C．Pigs. D．Chickens.
31．Why are horses important on British farms
A．They provide milk and cheese. B．They help with transportation and farm work.
C．They eat insects and keep the farm clean. D．They provide eggs for people.
32．Which of the following the way that chickens help maintain the farm
A．By eating grass and keeping the fields tidy.
B．By turning the soil with their strong noses.
C．By eating insects and keeping the farm free from pests.
D．By carrying heavy things.
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The rolling hills of England B．Traditional British farms
C．Animals on British farms D．The importance of wool
五、任务型阅读
Tom and Jim are cousins. They study in the same school. They usually go to the countryside to see their grandparents at weekends.
Their grandparents have a farm. Last weekend, Tom and Jim went to the farm to see their grandparents by bike. They met at Tom's home on Saturday morning and started at 2:00 in the afternoon. It is a long way from Tom's home to the farm. They took a lot of food and drinks, such as (像) bread, water, eggs and bananas.
They got to their grandparents' farm after three hours. Their grandparents were happy. The next day, Tom and Jim helped with the farm work in the morning. They fed the chickens and then they watered the vegetables. At noon, their grandmother cooked fish and many vegetables for them. She cooked well. Jim didn’t like vegetables at all in the past. But now, those vegetables were so nice and he liked them a lot. In the afternoon, they flew kites. Their kites flew high. What an interesting country life! They had a great weekend.
34．Where do Tom and Jim’s grandparents live
35．How did Tom and Jim go to see their grandparents
36．What time did Tom and Jim arrive at the farm
37．Did Tom and Jim help their grandparents pick vegetables
38．What did Tom and Jim think of the country life
/ 让学习更有效 暑假打卡计划 | 英语学科
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参考答案
1．A
【详解】句意：“不要玩电脑。该上课了，”我的老师说。
考查祈使句。play动词原形；playing现在分词；plays动词三单形式；played动词过去式。根据“Don’t”可知，此处是否定祈使句，用动词原形play。故选A。
2．A
【详解】句意：——请保持安静！你们在图书馆。——对不起，女士。
考查祈使句的用法。Keep动词原形；To keep动词不定式；Keeping动名词；Kept过去式/过去分词。此处是直接提出要求的祈使句，需用动词原形开头。故选A。
3．D
【详解】句意：不要在图书馆大声交谈。
考查祈使句。to talk去交谈，动词不定式；talking现在分词/动名词；talks动词第三人称单数形式；talk动词原形。根据“Don’t ... loudly in the library.”可知，这是一个祈使句的否定形式，Don’t后要接动词原形。故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：认真思考，你一定会得到答案的。
考查祈使句。To think思考，不定式形式；Thought思考，过去式或过去分词形式；Think思考，动词原形；Thinking思考，现在分词或动名词形式。根据句子结构可知，这是一个“祈使句+and+简单句”的结构，祈使句以动词原形开头，表示建议、命令等语气。因此，此处应填Think。故选C。
5．D
【详解】句意：——不要忘记把你的书带来，丽莉！——抱歉，我不会忘记的。我一定记得每次都带来。
考查情景交际和祈使句答语。根据“I must remember to bring it here every time.”可知，应该是表达我以后将不会忘记了，故用一般将来时，排除B、C；A项语法错误。故选D。
6．C
【详解】句意：多吃健康食品并经常运动，否则你可能会发胖。
考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“Eat more…do sports often, …you may get fat”可知，前后为“建议→否则结果”的转折关系，需用“or”连接表示“否则”。故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：中国给巴基斯坦的孩子们提供了大量食物。中国是多么善良的一个国家啊！
考查感叹句的引导词。感叹句常见结构为What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！及How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 根据“... kind country China is!”可知。中心词country是单数可数名词名词，需用What a引导感叹句。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：好消息！在雕塑公园举行的音乐节真的很成功。
考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为不可数名词news，用what引导，结构为“What+adj.+不可数名词+ 主语+谓语！”。故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：——天气真好！——是的。我们出去野餐吧。
考查感叹句。中心词weather是不可数名词，要用what引导感叹句，结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！故选A。
10．D
【详解】句意：多么特别的礼物啊！非常谢谢你。
考查What感叹句。What感叹句的构成为：what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主谓；what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主谓；根据“...present it is!”可知，present是可数名词，此处缺少结构“What+a+形容词”。故选D。
11． wait/just a minute set/let off
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一处缺少“等一下”，用英语表达为wait a minute或just a minute；第二处缺少“燃放”，用英语表达为set off或let off，结合情态动词后跟动词原形。故填wait/just；a； minute；set/let；off。
12． take turns to
【详解】take turns to do sth.表示“轮流做某事”，根据let’s do sth.“让我们做某事”可知，动词用原形。故填take；turns；to。
13． Believe repeating
【详解】分析句子结构可知，句子是以动词原形开头的祈使句。相信：believe，动词，位于句首需大写；又由中文可知，后半句应用进行时，表示正在进行的动作，其结构为：am/is/are+动词ing，重复：repeat，动词。故填Believe；repeating。
14． worry about
【详解】worry about“担心”，此处是祈使句的否定形式，第一空应填动词原形，故填worry；about。
15． Don’t play
【详解】根据中英文对照，可知英文句中缺少“不要踢……”部分；根据中文句意，可知此句应用祈使句的否定形式，短语play football意为“踢足球”，play为实义动词，故否定应用Don’t。故填Don’t；play。
16． Come/Hurry on/up
【详解】快点：come on/hurry up，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故填Come/Hurry；on/up。
17． Don’t go outside/out
【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少“别出去”，英语表达为don’t go outside/out，是祈使句的否定形式，句首字母要大写，故填Don’t；go；outside/out。
18． What amazing
【详解】分析句子可知，句子是感叹句，其结构为：What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！amazing意为“惊人的”，形容词修饰名词achievements。故填What；amazing。
19．A 20．B 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文主要讲述作者在上海生活的感受，包括居住环境、交通状况、工作压力等，但最终仍享受城市生活。
19．句意：人们认为它是一座著名的大城市。
think认为；keep保持；want想要；see看见。根据“People...it is a big and famous city.”可知，人们认为它是一个大而著名的城市。故选A。
20．句意：但对我来说，在这里生活并不容易。
to play玩；to live生活；to sleep睡觉；to show表演。根据“it’s not easy for me...here.”和后文“I don’t have much money to buy a house. So I have to rent (租用) one.”作者租房可知，在这里生活不容易，故选B。
21．句意：房子就在火车站对面。
in在……里面；from从，来自；at在；to朝向。across from意为“在……的对面”，固定短语。故选B。
22．句意：我晚上睡不好。
slowly缓慢地；early早地；late晚地；well好地。根据前文“It’s noisy all day.”可推知，全天吵闹导致作者睡不好，故选D。
23．句意：这里的交通也很糟糕。
free自由的；quiet安静的；terrible糟糕的；noisy吵闹的。根据“You can’t imagine that there are too many cars on the street.”可推知，上海的交通也很糟糕，故选C。
24．句意：所以我很难开车去上班。
relaxing令人放松的；easy容易的；difficult困难的；important重要的。根据前文“there are too many cars on the street”可知，街道上车辆太多导致作者很难开车去上班，故选C。
25．句意：为了赚到更多的钱，我白天努力工作，晚上经常外出打工。
take out拿出来；go out外出；carry out实施；look out向外看。根据“... to work at night”可知，作者晚上外出工作，故选B。
26．句意：虽然有点累，但我依然享受在这座城市的生活。
forget忘记；study学习；leave离开；enjoy喜欢，享受。根据“It is a little bit tired, but I still...my life in the city.”可知，作者虽然累但依旧享受在上海的生活。故选D。
27．句意：我可以在周末去不同的地方游玩。
need需要；can可以，能；have to不得不；must必须。根据“I...visit different places on the weekend.”可知，作者可以去不同地方游玩，故选B。
28．句意：现在，我的父母搬到了上海，我可以和家人住在一起了。
family家人；friends朋友；pets宠物；classmates同学。根据“my parents move to Shanghai”可知，父母搬到了上海，作者可以和家人一起生活。故选A。
29．A 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．C
【导语】本文主要讲了英国传统农场里的各种动物以及它们对农场的贡献。
29．词义猜测题。根据上下文 “Sheep are a common sight on British farms. They have thick, fluffy wool that keeps them warm in the cold winters. Farmers shear the sheep once a year to collect the wool.” 可知，农民每年对羊做的事情是为了收集羊毛，所以 “shear” 的意思是 “剪羊毛”。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据 “Pigs also eat leftover food from the farm. It helps reduce waste.”可知，猪通过吃农场的剩余食物帮助减少浪费。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据 “Horses have been a part of British farming for centuries. They are strong and can carry heavy things. Horses are also used for riding and can help farmers move around the farm quickly.”可知，马在英国农场重要是因为它们能帮助运输和干农活。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据 “Chickens also eat insects, which helps keep the farm free from pests (害虫). Their droppings (兽粪) are used as fertilizer, which helps the plants grow.”可知，鸡通过吃昆虫使农场免受害虫侵害来帮助维护农场。故选C。
33．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了英国农场里的羊、牛、猪、马、鸡等动物以及它们对农场的贡献，所以 “Animals on British farms” 作为标题最合适。故选C。
34．In the countryside./They live in the countryside. 35．By bike. 36． At 5:00 in the afternoon. 37．No, they didn’t./ No. 38．It was interesting.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了三个堂兄弟周末去看望祖父母的经历。
34．根据“They usually go to the countryside to see their grandparents at weekends.”可知，他们的祖父母住在乡下。故填In the countryside./They live in the countryside.
35．根据“Tom and Jim went to the farm to see their grandparents by bike.”可知，他们是骑自行车去看望祖父母的。故填By bike。
36．根据“started at 2: 00 in the afternoon”及“They got to their grandparents’ farm after three hours”可知，他们是下午五点到达农场。故填At 5:00 in the afternoon。
37．根据“They fed the chickens and then they watered the vegetables.”可知，他们帮助祖父母喂鸡和给蔬菜浇水，故文章并未提到摘蔬菜，需否定回答。故填No, they didn’t./ No.
38．根据“What an interesting country life!”可知，他们认为乡村生活很有趣。故填It was interesting.
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