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2025高考英语新课标一卷CD篇阅读理解深度解析
C
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush B. What’s Next C. Where to Stay D. Who to Blame
【语篇类型】说明文
主题语境：人与社会——城市规划与可持续发展——街道功能转型
【文章大意】
本文探讨了现代城市街道设计引发的社会问题。开篇指出交通安全改进并未提升行人流动性，反而导致儿童步行减少（现象）。学者Verkade和te Br mmelstroet在其著作中呼吁重新思考街道功能（观点）。文章通过1950年代加拿大记者Jane Jacobs领导的运动（案例1）及1960-70年代澳大利亚类似抗争（案例2），揭示历史上市民为保护社区空间所做的努力。然而现实是：西方城市仍被汽车主导（现状），并以澳大利亚（2600万人口/2000万+汽车）为例说明汽车化设计的弊端。最后强调社会需核算汽车中心的真实成本，主张将街道重塑为“生活空间”而非“交通通道”（结论）。
【语篇结构Mind Map】
【答案与解析】
28. C
【命题意图】细节理解（现象识别）
【解析】首段明确：“transport studies show declines in pedestrian mobility... parents pack them into the car”（研究显示行人流动性下降...家长让孩子乘车）。直接对应C选项“People walk less and drive more”。干扰项A（堵车）、B（事故）、D（违规）均未提及。
29. A
【命题意图】细节归纳（行为目的）
【解析】第三段描述Jane Jacobs抗议公园改建快速路，呼吁市长将纽约打造为“decent place to live”（宜居之地），其他活动同理。选项A“Keep cities livable”（保持城市宜居性）精准概括。干扰项B（文化多样性）、C（帮扶家庭）、D（快速路建设）偏离文意。
30. B
【命题意图】推理判断（历史影响）
【解析】第四段转折词“Although”后点明：“majority of western cities were completely redesigned around motor cars”（多数西方城市仍彻底汽车化）。暗示澳大利亚等运动虽存在但效果有限，故选B（基本无效）。干扰项A（促进汽车销售）、C（获政府支持）、D（倡导建公园）无依据。
31. A
【命题意图】主旨提炼（标题选择）
【解析】贯穿全文的核心矛盾：过度追求通行效率（rush through）牺牲生活空间。篇末质问“Do we really recognise what it costs... ”及呼吁“think differently”强化主题。标题“A. Why the Rush ”以反问批判汽车中心主义，优于中性选项B（下一步？）、C（住何处？）、D（怪谁？）。
【长难句分析】
1. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through”.
【结构分析】
主干：Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion...（简·雅各布斯呼吁市长支持...）
分词状语：Describing her alarm...（描述她对...的担忧）
修饰成分：at its proposed replacement with an expressway（对公园拟被快速路取代）
直接引语：“New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”（纽约应是宜居地，而非匆匆而过之处）
关键表达：not just rush through（不仅作为通道）
【句意】简·雅各布斯对公园拟被改建为快速路深感忧虑，呼吁市长将纽约打造为“宜居之城，而非匆匆穿行的通道”。
2. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities
【结构分析】
主干疑问结构：Do we recognise... （我们是否意识到...？）
宾语从句：what it costs us as a society（社会付出的代价），it 指代后文事件
时间状语从句：when children can’t move safely...（当儿童无法安全活动时）
关键修饰：around our communities（在社区范围内）
【句意】当儿童无法在我们的社区安全活动时，我们是否真正意识到社会为此付出的代价？
【重点语块积累】
行人流动性问题(Pedestrian Mobility Issues)
declinesin pedestrian mobility(行人流动性下降)
especially amnong young children(尤其在年幼儿童中)
too much traffic on the roads(道路上车流量过大)
children can't walk safely to school(儿童无法安全步行上学)
parents pack them into the car(父母将他们塞进汽车)
社区行动与运动(Community Actions and Campaigns)
communities fought back(社区奋起反抗)
led a campaign to stop the destruction ofher local park(领导运动阻止当地公园的破坏)
proposed replacemment with an expressway(提议以高速公路替代)
called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live"(呯吁市长支持“将纽约打造成官居之地”
Simmilar campaigns occured in Australia(类似运动在澳大利亚发生)
城市汽车主导现实(Urban Car-Dominated Realities)
Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks(整个社区被摧毁以让位给新道路网络)
kids had to play elsewhere(儿童不得不在别处玩耍)
wester cities completely redesigned around the needs ofthe motor car (西方城市围绕汽车需求彻底重新设计)
nummber of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly(道路汽车数量急剧增加)
highest rate of car ownership(最高汽车拥有率)
社会成本与呼吁(Social Costs and Calls to Action)
bothered by facts like these(被此类事实困扰)
call for a rethink of our streets(呼吁重新思考我们的街道)
fail to account for the true costs(未能考虑真实成本)
cost us as a society when children can't move safely(儿童无法安全移动的社会成本)
it's time to think differently about that street outside your ftont door (是时候以不同方式思考门前那条街道了)
【译文】
尽管近年来我们的街道在安全方面可能已有所改善，但交通研究也表明，行人的移动能力有所下降，尤其是在年幼的儿童中。许多家长表示，道路上的交通流量太大，孩子们无法安全步行上学，因此他们转而将孩子塞进车里。
荷兰作家塔利亚 维尔卡德（Thalia Verkade）和马尔科 特 布罗姆斯特罗特（Marco te Br mmelstroet）对诸如此类的事实感到担忧。在他们的新书Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives（《移动：如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》）中，他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。
城市街道的生活在几十年前就开始发生变化。整个社区被拆除，为新的道路网络让路，孩子们不得不去别处玩耍。一些社区进行了反击。最著名的是，一位在 20 世纪 50 年代初将家人搬到曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动，以阻止当地公园被拆除。简 雅各布斯（Jane Jacobs）描述了她对公园拟被高速公路取代的担忧，并呼吁市长捍卫 “纽约作为一个体面的居住之地，而不仅仅是匆匆穿行的地方”。类似的运动也在 20 世纪 60 年代末和 70 年代的澳大利亚发生过。
尽管这些运动广泛开展，但现实是，大多数西方城市完全围绕机动车的需求进行了重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加。在澳大利亚，我们现在有超过 2000 万辆汽车，而人口仅略超过 2600 万，这是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。
我们在帮助我们匆匆穿行的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们却没有考虑到真正的成本。当孩子们无法在社区中安全活动时，我们是否真的认识到这对整个社会而言意味着什么？《Movement》的作者们说得对：是时候以不同的方式思考你家门前的那条街道了。
D
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure-a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are--but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer, at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings
【语篇类型】说明文
主题语境： 人与自然--环境保护--微塑料污染与应对
【文章大意】
本文介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性，指出它们已遍布地球各个角落，甚至进入人体。接着，文章重点介绍了一项新的研究：通过煮沸并过滤自来水可以显著减少其中的微塑料含量。研究发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟后冷却过滤，可以去除至少 80%的微塑料。该方法的效果依赖于水中的碳酸钙含量（即水的硬度），硬水的效果更好。文章也指出了该研究的局限性，如未包含所有塑料类型。尽管如此，研究为减少微塑料摄入提供了一个简单易行的方法，尤其是在瓶装水也被发现含有大量微塑料的背景下。最后，文章引用专家观点，肯定了该研究的价值，并提出应升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料。
【语篇结构Mind Map】
【答案与解析】
32. C
【命题意图】考查篇章结构和写作手法。
【解析】根据第一段第一句Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the earth可知微塑料污染已成为地球的一个常见的污染源，随后文章列举了微塑料存在的多个地点（深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟胃里、南极新雪、人体内部），通过给出具体的例子来说明微塑料污染问题的普遍性和严重性。A. By quoting an expert. 通过引用专家的话。B. By defining a concept. 通过定义一个概念。D. By providing statistics. 通过提供统计数据。故选 C。
33. A
【命题意图】考查细节理解题。
【解析】根据第三段“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate... boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop... in samples with less than 60 milligrams... boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.” 可知，水中碳酸钙的含量，也就是水的硬度，决定了煮沸法去除微塑料的有效性。硬水中碳酸钙含量高，效果好；软水中含量低，效果差。A. The hardness of water. 水的硬度。 B. The length of cooling time. 冷却时间的长度。C. The frequency of filtering. 过滤的频率。 D. The type of plastic in water. 水中塑料的类型。故选 A。
34. B
【命题意图】考查推理判断题（作者意图）。
【解析】第四段提到“Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.” 这说明即使是瓶装水也含有比预期多得多的微塑料，从而强调了微塑料问题的严重性，从而反衬出寻找有效去除方法（如文前提到的煮沸法）的重要性。A. The importance of plastic recycling. 塑料回收的重要性。B. The severity of the microplastic problem. 微塑料问题的严重性。 C. The danger in overusing pure water. 过度使用纯净水的危险。D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 处理污染水的困难。故选 B。
35. D
【命题意图】考查细节理解题。
【解析】文章最后一段引用了 Gauchotte-Lindsay的话：“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”（我们应该研究升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能够去除微塑料。）这明确指出了一个基于当前研究发现的、具有实际应用价值的建议方向，即如何将去除微塑料的技术应用到公共供水系统中。 A. Choice of new research methods. 新研究方法的选择。 B. Possible direction for further study. 进一步研究的可能方向。 C. Need to involve more researchers. 需要更多研究人员的参与。D. Potential application of the findings. 研究结果的潜在应用。故选 D。
【长难句分析】
1. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
【结构分析】
主干：Researchers found that boiling tap water could remove microplastics.
修饰成分：
“from China”修饰researchers，指明研究人员的来源。
“in Environmental Science & Technology Letters”修饰 study，指明研究发表的期刊。
“for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools”修饰boiling tap water，详细说明煮沸和过滤的过程。
“at least 80 percent of its microplastics”修饰 remove，说明去除的微塑料比例。
【句意】中国研究人员在周三发表于《环境科学与技术通讯》期刊的一项研究中发现，将自来水仅煮沸五分钟——待其冷却后再过滤——即可去除其中至少80%的微塑料。
【重点语块积累】
微塑料污染现状(Current Status ofmicroplastic Pollution
commmon source ofpollution(常见污染源)
settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas(存在于深海和喜马拉雅山脉)
appearing inside humans(出现在人体内)
10 to 1.000 times more microplastics(高出10至1000倍的微塑料)
解决方案及机制(Solutions and mechanisms)
boiling and filteringit(煮沸并过滤)
remove at least 80 percent ofits microplastics(去除至少80%的微塑料)
relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(依赖水中足够的碳酸钙)
trapped through the boiling process(通过煮沸过程被捕获)
研究局限性与条件(Research Limitations and Conditions )
didn't include all types ofplastics(未涵盖所有塑料类型)
focused only on three common types(仅聚焦三种常见类型)
samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本)
reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent(仅减少25%塑料含量)
社会意义与专家建议(SocialImplications and Expert Recommendations)
reduce microplastic exposure(减少微塑料接触)
limmit intake(限制摄入)
upgrading drinking water treatment plants(升级饮用水处理)
potential path forward (潜在的前进路径)
raised concerns(引发担忧)
【译文】
微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源——它们沉降在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，嵌入火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新鲜积雪中。它们甚至正在人类体内出现。
如今，新研究表明，一项简单廉价的措施可能显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：将水煮沸并过滤。在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟，然后在冷却后过滤，可去除至少80%的微塑料。
关键在于，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料。在该研究中，煮沸含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水可使塑料含量几乎下降90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中，煮沸仅使塑料水平降低25%。此外，该研究并未涵盖所有类型的塑料。研究团队仅关注三种常见类型——聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯——且未研究先前在水中发现的其他化学物质，如氯乙烯。
尽管如此，这些发现为减少微塑料暴露指明了一条潜在路径——这一任务正变得日益艰巨。科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，其含有的微塑料也比最初认为的多 10到1000倍。
科学家仍在试图确定微塑料的危害程度，但其已知影响已引发担忧。这项新研究表明，煮沸自来水可能成为限制摄入量的一种手段。“他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很出色，” 苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳 高乔特-林赛（未参与该研究）告诉《新科学家》，“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能去除微塑料。”

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