资源简介

(共25张PPT)
2024
新课标全国I卷阅读D篇
Contents
试题语篇分析
解题思路和学情分析
考点分析
试题开发及拓展
01
02
03
04
试题评价及教学反思
05
试题分析-命题依据
一核：立德树人、服务选才、引导教学
四层：核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识
四翼：基础性、综合性、应用性、创新性
01
试题分析-试题来源
01
改编
试题分析-试题立意
What 语篇类型 说明文 语篇长度366+102词
主题语境 “人与社会”主题下“科学研究”子主题
语篇内容 本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，指出目前数字记录的物种观察数据存在偏差，并提出提高数据质量的措施。
How 语言特点 时态 - 一般现在时，陈述客观事实。
词汇 - 涉及和科技、生物有关专业词汇，派生词和合成词多。
句式 - 用了多个复杂长难句。
语篇结构 问题 - 解决型，可分为三部分 。
1. 提出问题，指出生物多样性记录存在不完美之处
2. 分析问题，阐述了记录存在的问题
3. 解决问题，给出了处理不完善的生物多样性数据集的建议
Why 写作意图 通过现代生物采样数据的科学性研究引导考生培养科学探究精神 。
核心价值 引导学生的独立思考，培养学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力，培养学生的科学探究精神和批判性思维，培养学生环保和人类命运共同体意识, 体现高考评价体系五育并举，也全面考查了英语学科核心素养。
01
考点分析
02
2024新课标全国I卷阅读理解D篇考点分析
题号 考察题型 考察能力 信息所属段落 考察内容
32 推理判断题 分析、推理判断 Para. 1
33 理解具体信息题 理解具体信息 Para. 2
34 理解具体信息题 理解具体信息 Para. 5
35 信息总结判断题 理解具体信息 Para. 7
经弗莱士易读度公式计算，此篇阅读理解文本易读度为56.86，难度属于中等偏容易。而试题的命制遵循“了解现状（第32题）——聚焦问题（第33题）——分析原因（第34题）——提出建议（第35题）”的逻辑规律，考察考生语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力。
了解现状
聚焦问题
分析原因
提出建议
考点分析-能力要求
02
《普通高中英语课程标准》及《考试大纲》就阅读理解题型对考生的考查要求包括：
1.能识别不同文体特征
2.理解主旨和要义
3.理解文中具体信息
4.根据上下文推断生词的词义
5.作出判断和推理
6.理解文章的基本结构
7.理解作者的意图、观点和态度
8.通过分析句子成分理解长句和难句
3.理解文中具体信息
5.作出判断和推理
解题思路-解题步骤
03
1. 细读题干、圈关键词
2. 根据语篇结构特点定位信息段
3. 根据题干关键词定位信息句
4. 破解长难句，提取有效信息
5. 对比选项、推断正确选项
第一步
定信息区间
第二步
比较与判断信息正误
解题思路及学情分析
03
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
推理判断题
解析：理解具体信息。定位信息段1段，根据关键词records of species和now定位信息句，“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。选B。
【1】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
They are mostly in electronic form.
outdated.
electronic.
解题思路
03
33. What does Daru's study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
理解具体信息题
解析：问的是Daru研究重点，虽然看似属于分析问题，但是这个地方还是在提出问题阶段，因为第一段是在进行背景介绍，定位信息段第2段和第3段，然后根据Daru定位信息句，抓出主句“These observations now outnumber the primary data， I wanted to know: Are they usable？”可以知道核心意思就是这些观察结果的数量超出了原始数据。还有第三段的Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性。所以研究重点是观察数据。选择 C。
【2】“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
【3】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
Observational data.
observations now outnumber the primary
data
observational data
these data
These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable.
主干： These observations now outnumber the primary data and I wanted to know: Are they usable.
破解长难句，提取有效信息
that comes from physical specimens (标本),
since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate ……
the primary data
修饰
how species are responding to global change
解释原因
陈述内容
破解长难句：
抓动词，找出句子主干
主干——核心部分，务必弄懂；
非核心部分——后看或者不看（视情况）。
解题思路及学情分析
03
理解具体信息题
解析：问的是专家对于生物多样性app的建议，属于解决问题部分，定位最后一段的信息句“To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”提取主干信息“这个app可以鼓励用户让专家帮忙确认上传样本图片中的身份。D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.给平民科学家一些指导。专家帮忙确认，即给与指导。
【7】“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
Give guidance to citizen scientists.
偷梁换柱
曲解文意
无中生有
同义替换
细节题干扰项设置特点：
1.几个正确信息的错误关联；（C）
2.信息正确，但与题干无关； （A)
3.对文中信息的错误理解；（B）
4.部分或全部信息不能被文章证明正确或错误。
Tip: 细节、推理判断题答题技巧
1. 通过题干选关键词
2. 回原文定位信息
3. 将选项与原文信息对比 ---- 得出正确答案
切记：
1. 认真分析题干信息，着眼文章，准确定位
2. 避免主观臆断，随意揣测, 侧重逻辑思维能力
学情分析
03
1. 词汇量不足,专有名词、专业术语多
2. 熟词生义没积累
语法知识欠缺，不会分析长难句，以至于读不懂句意，或理解错误。
语篇意识不强
对语篇结构不熟
失分原因
应对策略
1.多阅读并积累研究发现型说明文主题词群、句型。
2. 熟悉研究发现型说明文语篇结构及命题方式。
试题开发-促积累
04
一、考纲词汇识词知意
高频词汇：
1. document v [学术词] ；2. detect v [学术词] ；3. shift n [学术词] ；4. variety n ；5. application n
低频词汇：
1. bias n. 2. humanity n. 3. biodiversity n. 4. eye-catching adj. 5. outnumber v. 6. well-sampled adj.
二、考纲词汇词形转换
1. observe vt 观察→ n 观察（observe + -ation）；
2. observation n 观察→ adj 观察的（observation + -al）；
3. use vt 可用→ adj 可用的，适用的（use + -able）；
4. sample vt 取样→ n（选取的有代表性的）样本（sample + -ing）；
5. likely adj可能的→ n 可能（性）（likely + -hood）；
6. flower vt开花→ adj 开花的，有花的（flower + -ing）；
7. cover vt 覆盖→ n 覆盖范围（cover + -age）；
8. perfect adj 完美的→ adj 不完美的（im- + perfect）；
三、高频短语积少成多
1. go extinct； 2. citizen scientist ； 3. in the form of ； 4. with the rise of ；
5. with the aid of ； 6. respond to ； 7. tend to do sth ； 8. make sense ；
9. inform sb of sth ； 10. be limited in number ; 11. lead to ; 12. assistant professor .
试题开发-促积累
04
四、核心考点单句填空
1. In the race ___________(document) the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists
have collected billions of ___________(record).
2. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in __________ form of _________(photo),videos, and other digital records.
3. Though they are useful for ___________(detect) shifts in the number and ___________(vary) of species in an area, a new
stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
4. These observations now outnumber the primary data ___________ comes from physical specimens (标本).
五、长难句分析
1. Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these
data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________
分析：____________为_________(现在/过去）分词作状语，______ 引导从句做________的宾语。
2. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists
recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________
分析：__________引导原因状语从句，______ 引导定语从句修饰先行词___________。_________为分词短语做后置定语，修饰_____________.
试题拓展-助备考
04
There is widespread agreement that climate change threatens our existence. But in our rush to address this challenge, our efforts mustn’t heighten another, more immediate one: the global decline of biodiversity. We are losing species at 1,000 times the natural rate. If we stay on this track, we risk losing up to half of them by the middle of the century.
Sadly, the singular focus on solving climate change has led to people ignoring biodiversity. The alarming result is that many climate efforts unintentionally quicken nature’s destruction. Take the huge need for solar farms for an example. If not located properly, they’ll impact ecosystems and habitats. In Virginia, for example, more than half of solar facilities are being built on forested land rather than areas such as rooftops or parking lots. The state’s push for solar development could lead to the deforestation of nearly 30,000 acres annually.
There is a real risk that badly planned renewable infrastructure (基础设施) will have a greater impact on biodiversity than existing fossil fuel infrastructure. Thus, we need to chart a path that doesn’t address one environmental challenge by creating others.
Indeed, with practical choices, we can do the opposite, using nature to address climate change. Consider carbon removal. Research shows between 2001 and 2019, forests around the world seized more than twice the amount of carbon dioxide that they emitted (排放) — absorbing more than the combined annual emissions of the US and UK. Nature is also critical in setting the adaptation necessary to prepare for increasingly severe weather shocks, such as the role of mangroves (a kind of tree) in absorbing floods.
Governments must think differently, employing better infrastructure planning at all levels. A report from The Nature Conservancy shows careful siting can reduce the effects of the clean energy infrastructure by 70%compared with siting as usual practices. For instance, solar farms can be put on already degraded land.
It would be a tragic irony if, in our efforts to tackle climate change, we end upbringing a big and immediate crisis in the natural world.
变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展
1. What is the effect of building solar farms on forested land in Virginia
A. It damages the forest.
B. It boosts local economy.
C. It reduces human’s living space.
D. It protects the environment.
2. What strategy does the text suggest
A. Increasing funds for clean energy.
B. Using technology to remove carbon.
C. Locating clean energy projects carefully.
D. Prioritizing renewable energy totally.
3. The“tragic irony”in the last paragraph refers to the possibility that ______.
A. climate change will contribute to more severe issues
B. focus on climate change makes people ignore land use
C. efforts to solve climate change speed up biodiversity loss
D. the development of clean energy quickens climate change
4. What is the overall tone of the text
A. Pessimistic and critical. B. Factual and concerned.
B. Subjective and dismissive. D. Humorous and optimistic.
细节理解题
推理判断题
词义猜测题
推理判断题
此变式题为科技说明文,旨在丰富学生科技领域知识，并运用技巧解题。
试题拓展-助备考
04
变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）
02（2023·全国·高考真题）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
5. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
6．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B．Add-on.
C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
7．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
8．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
此篇科普性说明文中第8小题的设问呼应2024年全国I卷D篇35题——寻求建议。
试题评价及教学反思
05
近三年新课标I卷 D篇阅读理解对比
年份 2024 2023 2022
语篇类型 说明文 说明文 说明文
主题 主题语境 人与社会 人与社会 人与社会
主题内容 专家发现大家上传生物研究数据的方式有局限性，并提出解决建议 “群体智慧”效应 语音研究
词数 366 337 335
题 型 32 小题 推理判断（para.1) 主旨要义（para.2) 理解具体信息（para.1)
33 小题 理解具体信息（para.2) 理解具体信息（para.2) 推理判断（para.3)
34 小题 理解具体信息（para.5) 理解具体信息（para.4) 主旨要义（para.5)
35 小题 理解具体信息（para.7) 观点态度（para.4) 观点态度（para.6)
命题特点 语篇均为“人与社会”语境下的说明文； 遵循文章段落顺序依次设题； 均有就长难句出题。
教学反思、启示—反拨教学
05
01
夯实词汇基础知识
根据近年高考阅读文章可知，需要重点关注新课标词汇表里面的词汇（包括派生词、合成词），词汇教学不局限于基本用法和意思，又要拓展它的意义外延，还要学习在不同语境中的应用。
高考试题中针对长难句出题较多，需要刻意训练对长难句的分析，帮助学生迅速准确抓住主句意思，化繁为简，抓住关键信息。
04
充分利用教材，运用所学知识
高考试题强调在语篇语境中考查知识和能力，因此，教师要避免裸教知识的低效教学模式，而应充分利用教材语篇，在探究主题意义的同时，提高语言知识的运用能力。
立足课本，重视培养学生的语篇意识和语篇分析能力，信息定位能力。在阅读中引导学生重点理解并列、转折和因果等逻辑关系，进而有效地提炼出语篇关键信息，培养学生的逻辑思维和批判思维。
阅读能力的培养离不开阅读量的积累，通过阅读积累各类知识，拓宽视野，丰富文化背景知识。基于科普类说明文内容新颖、专业词汇多、句子结构复杂、逻辑严谨、理论性强等特点，课外阅读应不局限于英文素材。
02
强化语篇分析
05
鼓励课外阅读
03
刻意训练长难句的分析
THANK YOU!
解题思路及学情分析
03
理解具体信息题
解析：问的是信息偏差出现的原因，属于分析问题出现的原因，正确信息句是定位第5段This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.提取主干信息采样的人有偏差。These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.提取主干意思“这些数据偏向于某些具有吸引力或引人注目特征的物种。言外之意就是不能客观采样，所以样本也有偏差。所以结合这两点，可知原因就是不合理的采样方式。选择 C。
【4】“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
【5】Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
Improper way of sampling.
This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
考点分析
02
Documenting Earth‘s species using digital records like photos and videos is not perfect.
用照片和视频等数字记录地球上的物种并不完美。
Part 1 (Para. 1) Introduction to the topic : using digital records like photos and videos is not perfect.
话题介绍： 使用照片和视频等数字记录并不完美。
Part 2 (Para. 2) Presenting the research question.
提出研究问题，利用观测数据调查物种如何应对全球变化是否有效。
Part 3 (Para. 3) Study methodology.
研究方法。
Part 4 (Para. 4-5) Finding on data bias.
关于数据偏倚的发现。
Part 5 (Para. 6-7) Presenting the research question.
生物多样性应用程序的作用。
语篇结构
试题分析--试题立意
01
语言能力
01
文化意识
02
思维品质
03
学习能力
04
学生准确理解科技说明文所表达的意义，解析语篇结构
培养学生的科学
探究精神
考查学生比较、分析、推断、归纳、辨识、评价的思维方式
选择恰当的阅读策略和方法，提升阅读的效率
全面考查英语学科核心素养

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