资源简介

UNIT 6　Earth first
主题语境 环境保护
背多分1　核心单词多维速背
1.release v.释放,排放 2.highlight v.使……突出,使注意力集中于 3.attitude n.看法,态度 4.supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统) 5.average adj.平均(数)的 6.amount n.数量,数额 7.campaign n. (宣传)活动 8.electricity n.电 9.false adj.不正确的,错误的 10.device n.设备,仪器,装置 11.canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅 12.brochure n.小册子 13.greenhouse n.温室,暖房 14.staff n.员工 15.mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式,状态,模式 16.solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的 17.shark n.鲨(鱼) 18.appliance n.家用电器,家用器具 19.bulb n.灯泡 20.litre n.升,公升 21.fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍　 n.鱼鳍
1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scary adj.可怕的→scared adj.害怕的;惊恐的 2.dive vi. & n.潜水;跳水;俯冲→diving n.潜水→diver n.潜水员;跳水者;跳水运动员→dived(dove)/dived/diving (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 3.fortunately adv.幸运地→ unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→ unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;机会;运气→misfortune n.厄运;不幸 4.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.不再存在的;已灭绝的 5.devote v.致力,献身,倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n.奉献;专心 6.ocean n.海洋;大海→oceanic adj.海洋的;大海的;与海洋有关的 7.cruelty n.残忍,残酷,残暴→cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地 8.hunting n.打猎,狩猎→hunt v.打猎;猎取;搜寻→hunter n.猎人 9.presentation n.报告,(观点的)陈述,说明→present vt.呈现;展示;说明 10.reserve n. (野生生物)保护区;储藏(量)　vt.预订;预留;保留→reservation n.预订;保留(意见);保护区→reserved adj.寡言少语的;矜持的;预订的 11.establish v.建立,设立　使得到认可→establishment n.建立;设立→established adj.已确立的;著名的 12.damage vt.破损,损害,损伤　n.损坏;损失→damaging adj.造成破坏的;有害的;损害的→damaged adj.被损坏的 13.flood n.洪水,水灾;大量　vi.淹没;大量涌入　vt.使灌满水;淹没;挤满　vt. & vi.使大受感动;充满;照进→flooded adj.洪水泛滥的;有大量……的→flooding n.水灾;洪水泛滥 14.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affection n.喜爱;钟爱→unaffected adj.未被改变的;未受影响的 15.adopt v.采取(某种方法);收养;领养　承袭(风俗)→adopted adj.收养的;领养的→adoption n.收养;采用 16.sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的→sustainably adv.可持续地→sustain v.维持;使稳定;遭受 17.target vt.把……作为目标;面向,把……对准(某群体)　n.目标;对象;靶子→targeted adj.有针对性的 18.renewable adj. (能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的→renew v.重新开始;更新 19.reusable adj.可再度使用的,可多次使用的→reuse vt.再利用 20.reduce vt.减少,降低　使陷入;迫使→reduction n.减少;下降 21.smog n.烟雾,雾霾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 22.fog n.雾→foggy adj.有雾的 23.severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→severely adv.严重地;严厉地→severity n.严重性;严厉 24.infection n.感染,传染病→infect vt.感染;传染→infectious adj.传染的;传染性的;有感染力的
25.lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲vt.开讲座;讲授;指责;训斥;告诫→lecturer n.讲课者;讲师;讲演者 26.permission n.允许;许可→permit vt.允许;许可　 n.许可证 27.slide n.幻灯片　vi. & vt. (使)滑行;滑动;(使)快捷而悄声地移动→slid/slid/sliding (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 28.majority n.多数,大多数(人或物)→major adj. 重大的　n.专业　vi.主修→ minority n.少数;少数派 29.leak vi. & vt. (使)漏,(使)渗漏;透露　n.漏洞;裂缝;透露→leaky adj.有漏洞的;有漏隙的;渗漏的→leakage n.泄漏量;漏损量;泄漏;渗漏 30.remove v.移走,搬走,去掉;去除;免除→removal n.移走;拿去;去掉;消除 31.urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的→urgency n.紧急;催促 32.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的→concern vt.使担忧;涉及　n.担忧→concerning prep.关于 33.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生);贡献;捐赠;撰稿→contribution n.贡献;捐款;稿件;促成作用→contributor n.促成物;捐款者;撰稿人 34.plug n. (电)插头;堵塞物　vt.封堵;补足→unplug vt.拔掉……的电源插头 35.electricity n.电;电能;强烈的感情;激动→electric adj.电的;用电的;令人激动的
单词速记法
词缀记忆法:形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的;充满……的” 语义记忆法:与“灾难”相关的名词 ①flood　　　　洪灾 ②drought 旱灾 ③tornado 龙卷风 ④earthquake 地震 ⑤fog 雾 ⑥smog 雾霾 ⑦epidemic 流行病
①infect使感染;传染→infectious传染性的 ②humor幽默→humorous幽默的 ③courage勇气→courageous勇敢的 ④caution谨慎;小心→cautious谨慎的;小心的 ⑤continue继续→continuous持续的 ⑥fame名声→famous著名的;出名的 ⑦danger危险→dangerous危险的 ⑧harmony融洽;和睦→harmonious和睦的;融洽的 ⑨anxiety焦虑→anxious焦虑的 ⑩envy嫉妒;羡慕→envious嫉妒的;羡慕的
scare vt. ①使(某人)惊恐;吓唬　 frighten　vi. ②受惊吓　害怕
1)scare sb.吓唬某人 scare sb./sth. away/off把某人/物吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth.胁迫某人做某事 scare the life out of sb.吓得某人魂飞魄散 scare sb. out of one’s wits吓得要死 2) be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物 be scared to death吓得要死 ①Harry saw his ________ (scare) white face.哈利看见了他惊恐煞白的脸。 ②It was so ________ (scare) a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest.那一刻真是吓人,我吓得心怦怦直跳。 ③Meredith was scared ________ him and shrank back.梅雷迪斯害怕他,退缩了。 ④She scared the life out of me when she crept up behind me and shouted in my ear.她蹑手蹑脚地走到我身后对着我耳朵大喊一声,把我的魂都吓飞了。
devote vt. 致力;献身;倾注
1)devote one’s time/energies/life to (doing) sth.把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事 2)be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事;奉献于(做)某事 ①Responsible and ________ (devote) to community work, he is praised by the people around.他有责任心,致力于社区工作,受到了周围人的称赞。(写人短文) ②I still remember what you have devoted to ________ (improve) my oral English and writing skills.我仍然记得您为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所付出的努力。(感谢信)
affect vt. ①影响　 influence, impact　②(疾病)侵袭　 attack　③深深打动
1)be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深打动 be affected with ...染上……疾病 2)show/have/feel much/an affection for ... (非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱…… 3)have an effect on ...对……有影响 ①________ (affect) by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career.在那些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。(短文) ②Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the ________ (affect) areas.大量捐款源源不断地涌入受灾地区。(报道)
adopt vt. ①采取(某种方法、某种举止、说话方式等);采纳　vt.& vi. ②领养;收养　 vt. 承袭(风俗)
1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice采纳某人的建议 adopt an approach/measures采用方法/采取措施 2)adopted son/child养子/领养的孩子 3)adapt v.适应;改编 adapt (oneself) to适应 ①Adopt the following scientific learning methods, and you will make great progress.采用以下科学的学习方法,你会取得很大进步。(建议信) ②He ________ (adopt) an air of indifference. Mary felt a rush of anger.他摆出一副满不在乎的样子。玛丽气坏了。(续写神态+情感描写)
reduce vt. ①减少;缩小　②迫使;使陷入
reduce to ...降至…… reduce by ...减少了…… reduce sb. to tears/silence使某人流泪/沉默 reduce sth. to ruins/ashes把某物变为废墟/化为灰烬 be reduced to ...沦落为……;减少到……(to为介词) ①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。(建议信) ②The time came for Anne to leave for college. Both Anne and Marilla ________ (reduce) to tears.安妮要上大学了。安妮和玛丽拉都哭了。
majority n. ①大部分;大多数　②多数票　 minority
1)a/the majority of大多数…… in the/a majority占大部分/大多数 by/with a majority of ...以多数票…… 2)in the/a minority占少数 3)major in ...主修……;以……为专业 ①With the final exam approaching, ________ majority of students are under pressure.随着期末考试的到来,大多数学生压力很大。(倡议书) ②I was selected to be the leading role in the play ________ a majority of 50, making me excited.我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角,这让我很激动。(续写情感描写)
amount n. ①数量;数额　②金额　vi. ③总计;共计　④相当于;等于
1)the amount of……的数量 a small/large/huge amount of+n. [U]+v.(单数) small/large/huge amounts of+n. [U]+v.(复数) 2)amount to达到;合计;相当于;等于;意味着 ①A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated to the local school.在慈善义卖中筹集的一大笔钱已被捐给了当地的学校。(活动介绍) ②Mom patted me on the shoulder, saying seriously,“Lazy people will amount ________ nothing in life.”妈妈拍着我的肩膀严肃地说:“懒惰的人在生活中将一事无成。”(浙江高考续写)
urge vt. ①竭力主张,强烈要求　②敦促　n. ③强烈的欲望;冲动
1)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that ...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth.坚决要求……做某事。 2)the urge to do sth.做某事的渴望 have an urge to do sth.很渴望做某事 ①It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic.坚决要求我们学生经常锻炼,以保持身体健康和精力充沛。(倡议书) ②I was embarrassed, but I fought back the sudden urge ________ (run) off the stage.我感到很尴尬,突然很想跑下台,但我忍住了。(续写情感描写)
contribute v. ①促成,造成(某事发生)　vi. & vt. ②捐助;捐赠　③投稿
1)contribute ... to ...捐助……给……;向……投稿 contribute to有助于;导致;促成;向……捐款/投稿 2)make a contribution/contributions to ...为……作贡献 ①Nowadays, mental health is as equally important as physical health, contributing to shaping our character.如今,心理健康与身体健康同样重要,有助于塑造我们的性格。 ②The community service was a job worthwhile to do, something positive I could do to make ________ (contribute) to the world.社区服务很值得做,是一份我能为世界做出积极贡献的工作。(2022·浙江高考续写升华句)
average adj. ①平均(数)的　②正常的　③普通的　n. ④平均数　⑤平均水平　v. ⑥计算出……的平均数　⑦平均为
1)an average of平均有(后跟数词) the average of……的平均数 2)on average平均起来 above/below average在平均水平以上/以下 3)average ... out算出……的平均数 ①His academic performance is well above average, but he is still modest and helpful.他的学习成绩远超过其他同学,但他仍然十分谦虚,而且乐于助人。(人物介绍) ②The money Bernard made daily averaged out at 6 dollars, enough to cover their expenses.伯纳德平均每天挣6美元,足以支付他们的开销。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写)
背多分2　短语句型多维速背
save the sharks 拯救鲨鱼 　
long-held idea of sharks 对鲨鱼的固有印象
1.see ... as 把……看作
2.be wrong about 误解;弄错
3.by mistake 错误地
4.rather than 而不是
5.the other way round 相反
6.be scared/frightened/afraid of 害怕
7.in fear 惊恐地
reasons behind the decrease of sharks 鲨鱼减少的原因
8.due to 由于,因为
9.finning/cut off fins 切掉鱼鳍
10.have a(n) ... effect upon ... 对……有……影响
11.protect ... from extinction 保护……免于灭绝
12.be devoted to ocean conservation 致力于海洋保护
13.be damaged by human activity 被人类活动破坏
14.the conservation of ocean life 保护海洋生物
15.get more involved in ... 使更多的人参与……
16.restore the natural environment 恢复自然环境
17.keep the original environment from being touched 保持原有环境原生态
18.adopt new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals 采用新的、可持续的方式饲养农场动物
environmental problems to be solved 亟待解决的环境问题 　
environmental issues 环境问题
1.air/water pollution 空气/水污染
2.plastic waste 塑料垃圾
ways to stop global warming 阻止全球变暖的办法
3.have a responsibility to protect/ take care of the environment 有责任保护环境
4.raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识
5.use renewable energy such as solar energy 利用太阳能等可再生能源
6.water conservation 节水
7.reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹
8.greenhouse effect 温室效应
9.replace a regular light bulb with a LED bulb 把普通灯泡换成LED灯
10.walk or ride a bike 步行或骑自行车
live a greener life 过更环保的生活 　
common sense 常识
1.mistake ... for ... 把……错当成……
2.take ... into account 把……考虑进去
3.break down 分解
4.go into stand-by mode 进入待机状态
take steps to reduce waste and pollution 采取措施减少浪费和污染
5.take a reusable bag when shopping 购物时带可重复利用的袋子
6.turn off devices/appliances 关掉设备/电器
7.remove the plug from its power supply 从电源上拔下电器插头
8.keep shower time as short as possible 尽量缩短淋浴的时间
9.Clear Your Plate campaign 光盘行动
10.aimed at saving food 旨在节约粮食
11.call on 呼吁;号召;拜访
12.not waste anything on the dining table 不浪费餐桌上的任何食物
13.not order more than you need in the school canteen 在学校餐厅适量点餐
14.order less and take leftover food home 少点餐,剩菜打包带回家
短语1due to 因为,由于(一般用作表语和状语)
due adj.预定的,到期的;欠下的;应给的 be due to do/for sth.预定/计划(做)某事 be due to sb.应支付/给予/归于某人 ①Due to the fact that many students lack self-discipline, they are likely to get distracted by online games.许多学生因为缺乏自律,所以很可能会被网络游戏分散注意力。(2022·全国乙卷短文) ②My thanks are due ________ you, without whose help I would not have achieved so much.我要感谢你,没有你的帮助,我不可能有如此成就。(感谢信)
短语2take ... into account 把……考虑进去
1)take account of ...考虑…… 2)on account of由于;因为 on no account决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装) give (sb.) a(n) ... account of ... (向某人)描述…… 3)account for解释;是……的原因;占……(比例) ①I would appreciate it if you could take my application ________ account.如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。(申请信) ②However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.然而,选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的学生只占18%和12%。(2022·全国乙卷图表调查) ③He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.他震惊得无法描述发生了什么事。
句式1It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人)花费多长时间做某事。
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间,而纸的降解时间要短得多。
It takes courage/efforts/hard work to do sth.做某事需要勇气/努力。 spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事 ①So ashamed was I that it took me a few days ________ (gather) my courage to face up to Rose and apologize.我很羞愧,花了几天时间才鼓起勇气面对罗斯并向她道歉。 ②I feel incredibly fortunate to have spent three years practicing with you, which has truly given me some of the best moments of my life.我很幸运能和你一起训练三年,真的给了我人生中最美好的时刻。(演讲稿)
句式2倍数表达法
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,生产纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的四倍,而耗水则多达三倍。
四种表示“倍数”的常见句型: ①A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as+B; ②A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than+B; ③A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth ...) +of+B; ④A+谓语+倍数+what从句,表“A是……的多少倍”。 ①The garden is ten times ________ (big) than the one I have in Beijing.这个花园比我在北京的那个大十倍。 ②Much to his surprise, he invited only ten friends to his party, but ________ (two) as many came.令他非常吃惊的是,他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会,但来了两倍的人。(续写情感描写)
教材优美片段练背仿 　
We are writing this letter to call ①________ everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people ②________ (save) food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food ③________ (waste), while many people in poor areas do not have enough ④________ (eat).
(应用文·体育)近年来,不健康的生活方式和不断增加的学习压力引发了人们对学生整体健康的担忧。为此,我们呼吁大家参与“阳光大课间”活动。
In recent years, the unhealthy lifestyle and increasing academic pressures have raised concerns about the overall health of students. In response to this, ⑤______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
教考衔接1
背多分3　续写素材场景练背
——情感细节描写之“失望、孤独”
形容词/副词 disappointed, lonely, alone, upset 名词/动词 disappointment, loneliness, disappoint
脸 a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread across/crossed one’s face脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
眼睛/声音 ①see the disappointment in one’s eyes看到某人眼中的失望; ②one’s eyes be filled with/be full of disappointment/loneliness眼里满是失望/孤独; ③hear the disappointment in one’s voice听出某人声音中的失望; ④a note/touch of disappointment一丝失望; ⑤in a tone/voice of disappointment用失望的语气/声音
短语 ①be overcome/be consumed with/be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望; ②to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是; ③hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望; ④disappointment flooded over sb.某人大失所望; ⑤fight/choke/force/hold back tears of disappointment忍住失望的泪水
用表“失望、孤独”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景23　主题“人与自然”——看到环境被污染时的“失望、孤独”
①____________________________________________________________ (我们脸上满是失望,with复合结构), we desperately wondered what had happened to our beloved village. Looking at our anxious faces, Grandfather ②______________________ (失望地叹气,介词短语). It was those visitors who did help us earn more money, but they also brought massive amounts of rubbish, which caused severe pollution and changed our beautiful village completely. While telling us about the changes, Grandfather gazed at the sea, ③________________________________________________ (他的眼里满是失望和无助,独立主格).
微场景24　主题“优秀品行”——老师的“失望”→认识到了错误和感悟
When I handed in my test, ④________________________________________ (他发出失望的叹息), his eyes fixed on me. Avoiding his gaze, I stammered nervously, “Bye, Mr. Smith.” When receiving the report card, we four flushed with shame. It was not just because of the striking red zero next to the second question, but because of ⑤__________________________________________ (我们在史密斯老师眼中看到的失望). He didn’t just teach us about the subject matter, but about integrity. In the end, we all admitted and apologized for our dishonesty. It was a tough lesson we learned, but one that we would carry with us, shaping our character more than any test could.
UNIT 6　Earth first
背多分1
1.①scared　②scary　③of　2.①devoted　②improving　3.①Affected　②affected　4.②adopted　5.②were reduced　6.①a/the　②by/with　7.②to　8.②to run　9.②contributions
背多分2
1.②to　2.①into　3.①to gather　4.①bigger　②twice
教材优美片段练背仿 　
①on　②to save　③is wasted　④to eat　⑤we call on everyone to engage in a “Sunshine Break” activity
背多分3
①With a look of disappointment spreading across our faces　②sighed in a voice of disappointment　③his eyes filled with/full of disappointment and helplessness　④he let out a sigh of disappointment　⑤the disappointment we saw in Mr. Smith’s eyes(共62张PPT)
UNIT 6　Earth first
主题语境 环境保护
必修 第二册
背多分1 核心单词 多维速背
1.release v. 释放，排放
2.highlight v. 使……突出，使注意力集中于
3.attitude n. 看法，态度
4.supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)
5.average adj. 平均(数)的
6.amount n. 数量，数额
7.campaign n. (宣传)活动
8.electricity n. 电
9.false adj. 不正确的，错误的
10.device n. 设备，仪器，装置
11.canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
12.brochure n. 小册子
13.greenhouse n. 温室，暖房
14.staff n. 员工
15.mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式
16.solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的
17.shark n. 鲨(鱼)
18.appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具
19.bulb n. 灯泡
20.litre n. 升，公升
21.fin v. 切去(鱼的)鳍　
n. 鱼鳍
5.devote v. 致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n. 奉献；专心
6.ocean n. 海洋；大海→oceanic adj. 海洋的；大海的；与海洋有关的
7.cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj. 残忍的→cruelly adv. 残忍地
8.hunting n. 打猎，狩猎→hunt v. 打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter n. 猎人
9.presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明→present vt. 呈现；展示；说明
29.leak vi. & vt. (使)漏，(使)渗漏；透露　n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露→leaky adj. 有漏洞的；有漏隙的；渗漏的→leakage n. 泄漏量；漏损量；泄漏；渗漏
30.remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；去除；免除→removal n. 移 走；拿去；去掉；消除
31.urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的→urgency n. 紧急；催促
32.concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的→concern vt. 使担忧；涉及　n. 担忧→concerning prep. 关于
33.contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐赠；撰稿→contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件；促成作用→contributor n. 促成物；捐款者；撰稿人
34.plug n. (电)插头；堵塞物　vt. 封堵；补足→unplug vt. 拔掉……的电源插头
35.electricity n. 电；电能；强烈的感情；激动→electric adj. 电 的；用电的；令人激动的
词缀记忆法：形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……的”
①infect 使感染；传染→infectious 传染性的
②humor 幽默→humorous 幽默的
③courage 勇气→courageous 勇敢的
④caution 谨慎；小心→cautious 谨慎的；小心的
⑤continue 继续→continuous 持续的
⑥fame 名声→famous 著名的；出名的
⑦danger 危险→dangerous 危险的
⑧harmony 融洽；和睦→harmonious 和睦的；融洽的
⑨anxiety 焦虑→anxious 焦虑的
⑩envy 嫉妒；羡慕→envious 嫉妒的；羡慕的
语义记忆法：与“灾难”相关的名词
①flood　　　　 洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③tornado 龙卷风
④earthquake 地震
⑤fog 雾
⑥smog 雾霾
⑦epidemic 流行病
①Harry saw his ________ (scare) white face. 哈利看见了他惊恐煞白的脸。
②It was so ________ (scare) a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest. 那一刻真是吓人，我吓得心怦怦直跳。
③Meredith was scared ________ him and shrank back. 梅雷迪斯害怕 他，退缩了。
④She scared the life out of me when she crept up behind me and shouted in my ear. 她蹑手蹑脚地走到我身后对着我耳朵大喊一声，把我的魂都吓飞了。
scared
scary
of
2.devote vt. 致力；献身；倾注
1)devote one’s time/energies/life to (doing) sth. 把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
2)be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
①Responsible and ________ (devote) to community work, he is praised by the people around. 他有责任心，致力于社区工作，受到了周围人的称赞。(写人短文)
②I still remember what you have devoted to ___________ (improve) my oral English and writing skills.我仍然记得您为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所付出的努力。(感谢信)
devoted
improving
①__________ (affect) by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career. 在那些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。(短文)
②Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the ___________ (affect) areas. 大量捐款源源不断地涌入受灾地区。(报道)
Affected
affected
①Adopt the following scientific learning methods, and you will make great progress.采用以下科学的学习方法，你会取得很大进步。(建议信)
②He ___________ (adopt) an air of indifference. Mary felt a rush of anger.他摆出一副满不在乎的样子。玛丽气坏了。(续写神态+情感描写)
adopted
5.reduce vt. ①减少；缩小　②迫使；使陷入
reduce to ... 降至……
reduce by ... 减少了……
reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默
reduce sth. to ruins/ashes 把某物变为废墟/化为灰烬
be reduced to ... 沦落为……；减少到……(to为介词)
①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。(建议信)
②The time came for Anne to leave for college. Both Anne and Marilla __________________ (reduce) to tears. 安妮要上大学了。安妮和玛丽拉都哭了。
were reduced
①With the final exam approaching, ________ majority of students are under pressure.随着期末考试的到来，大多数学生压力很大。(倡议书)
②I was selected to be the leading role in the play __________ a majority of 50, making me excited.我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角，这让我很激动。(续写情感描写)
a/the
by/with
7.amount n. ①数量；数额　②金额　vi. ③总计；共计　④相当于；等于
1)the amount of ……的数量
a small/large/huge amount of+n. [U]+v.(单数)
small/large/huge amounts of+n. [U]+v.(复数)
2)amount to 达到；合计；相当于；等于；意味着
①A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated to the local school.在慈善义卖中筹集的一大笔钱已被捐给了当地的学校。(活动介绍)
②Mom patted me on the shoulder, saying seriously, “Lazy people will amount ________ nothing in life.”妈妈拍着我的肩膀严肃地说：“懒惰的人在生活中将一事无成。” (浙江高考续写)
to
8.urge vt. ①竭力主张，强烈要求　②敦促　n. ③强烈的欲望；冲动
1)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事。
2)the urge to do sth. 做某事的渴望
have an urge to do sth. 很渴望做某事
①It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic. 坚决要求我们学生经常锻炼，以保持身体健康和精力充 沛。(倡议书)
②I was embarrassed, but I fought back the sudden urge ________ (run) off the stage. 我感到很尴尬，突然很想跑下台，但我忍住了。(续写情感描写)
to run
9.contribute v. ①促成，造成(某事发生)　vi. & vt. ②捐助；捐赠　
③投稿
1)contribute ... to ... 捐助……给……；向……投稿
contribute to 有助于；导致；促成；向……捐款/投稿
2)make a contribution/contributions to ... 为……作贡献
①Nowadays, mental health is as equally important as physical health, contributing to shaping our character. 如今，心理健康与身体健康同样重要，有助于塑造我们的性格。
②The community service was a job worthwhile to do, something positive I could do to make ______________ (contribute) to the world. 社区服务很值得做，是一份我能为世界做出积极贡献的工作。(2022·浙江高考续写升华句)
contributions
10.average adj. ①平均(数)的　②正常的　③普通的　n. ④平均数　⑤平均水平　v. ⑥计算出……的平均数　⑦平均为
1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
the average of ……的平均数
2)on average 平均起来
above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下
3)average ... out 算出……的平均数
①His academic performance is well above average, but he is still modest and helpful.他的学习成绩远超过其他同学，但他仍然十分谦虚，而且乐于助人。(人物介绍)
②The money Bernard made daily averaged out at 6 dollars, enough to cover their expenses. 伯纳德平均每天挣6美元，足以支付他们的开 销。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写)
背多分2 短语句型 多维速背
save the sharks 拯救鲨鱼
long-held idea of sharks 对鲨鱼的固有印象
1.see ... as 把……看作
2.be wrong about 误解；弄错
3.by mistake 错误地
4.rather than 而不是
5.the other way round 相反
6.be scared/frightened/afraid of 害怕
7.in fear 惊恐地
reasons behind the decrease of sharks 鲨鱼减少的原因
8.due to 由于，因为
9.finning/cut off fins 切掉鱼鳍
10.have a(n) ... effect upon ... 对……有……影响
11.protect ... from extinction 保护……免于灭绝
12.be devoted to ocean conservation 致力于海洋保护
13.be damaged by human activity 被人类活动破坏
14.the conservation of ocean life 保护海洋生物
15.get more involved in ... 使更多的人参与……
16.restore the natural environment 恢复自然环境
17.keep the original environment from being touched 保持原有环境原生态
18.adopt new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals 采用新的、可持续的方式饲养农场动物
environmental problems to be solved 亟待解决的环境问题
environmental issues 环境问题
1.air/water pollution 空气/水污染
2.plastic waste 塑料垃圾
ways to stop global warming 阻止全球变暖的办法
3.have a responsibility to protect/ take care of the environment 有责任保护环境
4.raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识
5.use renewable energy such as solar energy 利用太阳能等可再生能源
6.water conservation 节水
7.reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹
8.greenhouse effect 温室效应
9.replace a regular light bulb with a LED bulb 把普通灯泡换成LED灯
10.walk or ride a bike 步行或骑自行车
live a greener life 过更环保的生活
common sense 常识
1.mistake ... for ... 把……错当成……
2.take ... into account 把……考虑进去
3.break down 分解
4.go into stand-by mode 进入待机状态
take steps to reduce waste and pollution 采取措施减少浪费和污染
5.take a reusable bag when shopping 购物时带可重复利用的袋子
6.turn off devices/appliances 关掉设备/电器
7.remove the plug from its power supply 从电源上拔下电器插头
8.keep shower time as short as possible 尽量缩短淋浴的时间
9.Clear Your Plate campaign 光盘行动
10.aimed at saving food 旨在节约粮食
11.call on 呼吁；号召；拜访
12.not waste anything on the dining table 不浪费餐桌上的任何食物
13.not order more than you need in the school canteen 在学校餐厅适量点餐
14.order less and take leftover food home 少点餐，剩菜打包带回家
1.短语1 due to 因为，由于(一般用作表语和状语)
due adj. 预定的，到期的；欠下的；应给的
be due to do/for sth. 预定/计划(做)某事
be due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
①Due to the fact that many students lack self-discipline, they are likely to get distracted by online games. 许多学生因为缺乏自律，所以很可能会被网络游戏分散注意力。(2022·全国乙卷短文)
②My thanks are due ________ you, without whose help I would not have achieved so much. 我要感谢你，没有你的帮助，我不可能有如此成 就。(感谢信)
to
2.短语2 take ... into account 把……考虑进去
1)take account of ... 考虑……
2)on account of 由于；因为
on no account 决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装)
give (sb.) a(n) ... account of ... (向某人)描述……
3)account for 解释；是……的原因；占……(比例)
①I would appreciate it if you could take my application ________ account. 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(申请信)
②However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%. 然而，选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的学生只占18%和12%。(2022·全国乙卷图表调查)
③He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened. 他震惊得无法描述发生了什么事。
into
3.句式1 It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人)花费多长时间做某事。
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间，而纸的降解时间要短得多。
It takes courage/efforts/hard work to do sth. 做某事需要勇气/努力。
spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
①So ashamed was I that it took me a few days ___________ (gather) my courage to face up to Rose and apologize. 我很羞愧，花了几天时间才鼓起勇气面对罗斯并向她道歉。
②I feel incredibly fortunate to have spent three years practicing with you, which has truly given me some of the best moments of my life. 我很幸运能和你一起训练三年，真的给了我人生中最美好的时刻。 (演讲稿)
to gather
4.句式2 倍数表达法
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然 而，生产纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的四倍，而耗水则多达三倍。
四种表示“倍数”的常见句型：
①A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as+B；
②A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than+B；
③A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth ...) +of+B；
④A+谓语+倍数+what从句，表“A是……的多少倍”。
①The garden is ten times ________ (big) than the one I have in Beijing.这个花园比我在北京的那个大十倍。
②Much to his surprise, he invited only ten friends to his party, but ________ (two) as many came.令他非常吃惊的是，他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会，但来了两倍的人。(续写情感描写)
bigger
twice
on
to save
is wasted
to eat
we call on everyone to engage in a “Sunshine Break” activity
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——情感细节描写之“失望、孤独”
形容词/副词 disappointed, lonely, alone, upset 名词/动词 disappointment, loneliness, disappoint
脸 a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread across/ crossed one’s face脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
眼睛/ 声音 ①see the disappointment in one’s eyes看到某人眼中的失望；②one’s eyes be filled with/be full of disappointment/loneliness眼里满是失望/孤独； ③hear the disappointment in one’s voice听出某人声音中的失望； ④a note/touch of disappointment一丝失望； ⑤in a tone/voice of disappointment用失望的语气/声音
短语 ①be overcome/be consumed with/be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望； ②to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是； ③hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望； ④disappointment flooded over sb.某人大失所望； ⑤fight/choke/force/hold back tears of disappointment忍住失望的泪水
用表“失望、孤独”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景23　主题“人与自然”——看到环境被污染时的“失望、孤独”
①___________________________________________________(我们脸上满是失望，with复合结构), we desperately wondered what had happened to our beloved village. Looking at our anxious faces, Grandfather ②__________________________________ (失望地叹气，介词短语). It was those visitors who did help us earn more money, but they also brought massive amounts of rubbish, which caused severe
With a look of disappointment spreading across our faces
sighed in a voice of disappointment
pollution and changed our beautiful village completely. While telling us about the changes, Grandfather gazed at the sea, ③__________________ __________________________________________ (他的眼里满是失望和无助，独立主格).
his eyes filled with/full of disappointment and helplessness
微场景24　主题“优秀品行”——老师的“失望”→认识到了错误和感悟
When I handed in my test, ④_______________________________ (他发出失望的叹息), his eyes fixed on me. Avoiding his gaze, I stammered nervously, “Bye, Mr. Smith.” When receiving the report card, we four flushed with shame. It was not just because of the striking red zero next to the second question, but because of ⑤_____________________________ ________________ (我们在史密斯老师眼中看到的失望). He didn’t just teach us about the subject matter, but about integrity. In the end, we all
he let out a sigh of disappointment
the disappointment we saw in Mr. Smith’s eyes
admitted and apologized for our dishonesty. It was a tough lesson we learned, but one that we would carry with us, shaping our character more than any test could.

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