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哈佛英语时文阅读-7年级 Week11
一、Monday"一带一路"下的塞尔维亚高铁
"一带一路"下的塞尔维亚高铁
For Miroslav Milovanovic, a Serbian in Belgrade, going from the capital to NoviSad to see his friend was not convenient. The bus took him up to three hours. The train was slow too, at 40 kilometers an hour.
But two years ago, a high-speed train with a speed of 200 km/h started. Now the trip is just half an hour. Nearly 7 million passenger trips have been made in two years. An average of 62 trains run every day.
The 80-km railway is part of the 342-km Belgrade-Budapest railway. It's a key Belt and Road project. When it's fully open, travel time will be shorter.
Serbia was an early supporter of the Belt and Road. Since 2013, ties with China have been stronger. Duan, a deputy chief engineer, has seen the changes since 2017. The high-speed train makes travel and trade easier. It also creates jobs.
Locals are nice to Chinese workers. They bring water and food. On April 25, a milestone was reached. Track-laying for another section was done. The prime minister said it shows the friendship. "The railway is not the only project. There's also a bridge and a highway. They help Serbia a lot, " he said.
Chinese investment is not just in transport. HBIS Group Serbia Iron and Steel is a big producer. Its trade has grown a lot. Chinese investment has increased a lot too.
1．The first paragraph of the passage is mainly used to____1+
A．introduce the main character
B．describe the scenery of Serbia
C．explain the background of the story
D．show the problem of transportation before
2．How long did it take Miroslav Milovanovic to travel from Belgrade to Novi Sad by bus
A．Half an hour. B．One hour.
C．Two hours. D．Three hours.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．The Belgrade-Budapest railway is fully open now.
B．The high-speed train has no influence on jobs in Serbia.
C．The relationship between Serbia and China has become closer.
D．There is no other Chinese investment project in Serbia except the railway.
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．The high-speed train runs at 40 kilometers an hour.
B．Less than 7 million passenger trips have been made in two years.
C．The 80-km railway is the whole Belgrade-Budapest railway.
D．The prime minister thinks the railway shows the friendship between Serbia and China.
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The development of transportation in Serbia.
B．The friendship between Serbia and China.
C．The benefits of Chinese investment in Serbia.
D．The Belt and Road project in Serbia.
二、词汇语法专练
6． It's not convenient for me to come now. (用高级单词替换 not convenient)
7． The price of this car can be 　 　(多达) $50, 000.
8． The young man ____ in London since 2008.
A．lived B．has lived C．had lived D．lives
9． Her homework 　 　(用 finish的适当形式填空) already.
10． She is a girl who has blue eyes and golden hair. (用适当的介词简化句子)
She is a girl 　 　 blue eyes and golden hair.
三、Tuesday帮助他人是人类的天性
帮助他人是人类的天性
Many of us probably don't remember how many times we've been thankful for someone's small acts of kindness.
It's like when your friend gives you a pen as you search your pockets, or when a classmate leaves his seat to help you pick up your book as it falls onto the floor. Researchers say these small acts of kindness are common and are found in all cultures.
The study found that people usually agreed to the requests and were happy to help others they knew. However, it did not focus on kindness between strangers.
Helping others is a general part of human nature. The researchers studied videos of more than 350 people in Australia, Ecuador, Ghana, Italy, Laos, Poland, Russia and the United Kingdom. They tried to answer the question: Does kindness come mainly from different cultural traditions, or does it come from common human action
Earlier studies of kindness usually focused on cultural traditions, such as Indonesian whale hunters sharing their meat or rich Kenyans paying for village roads. The new study found that people from all cultures are similar in the ways they show kindness. The study showed that cultural differences are less important than people's general" tendency to give help when needed".
11．What did earlier studies of kindness usually focus on
A．Living places. B．Human nature.
C．Cultural traditions. D．People's appearances.
12．How does the writer state his idea
A．By listing studies about kindness.
B．By explaining the meaning of kindness.
C．By raising questions about human behavior.
D．By giving examples about showing kindness.
13．What is the best title for the text
A．The Research on Culture
B．People's Social Behavior in Towns
C．The Importance of Cultural
D．Small Acts of Kindness Are Common
四、词汇语法专练
14． I can't remember ____ you somewhere, but I really met you.
A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met
15． Don't forget ____ off the light when you leave the room.
A．turn B．to turn C．turning D．turned
16． As a student, we should pay attention to learning. (用高级短语替换 pay attention to)
As a student, we should 　 　 learning.
17．　 　(用 eat的适当形式填空) more fruit and vegetables is good for our health.
18． I don't like the way ____ you speak to your parents.
A．that B．which C．whom D．what
五、Wednesday意念操控汽车将成为现实
意念操控汽车将成为现实
Cars are becoming more advanced. In the past ten years, we have seen better electric car technology and driverless cars. Have you ever imagined driving your car only with your mind It might seem to appear in science-fiction movies. However, with its concept car, Mercedes-Benz is making mind-controlled cars a reality.
The car producer Mercedes-Benz brought out the car at a show in Munich. It is called Vision AVTR. The four letters at the end of its name are easy to make people think of the movie Avatar(《阿凡达》). In fact, the car takes inspiration exactly from it. Drivers can just control the car using their brains through the brain-computer interface, or BCI.
To drive the car, drivers or users must wear the BCI device around their head. First, the BCI needs a minute to "read" the driver's brain. Then, the device can pick up signals from the user's brain that work to control the car. This means that users can directly control the car using their thoughts.
A Mercedes spokeswoman spoke about how exciting she thought the car was. She said, "Mercedes-Benz is setting another milestone in the merging of man and machine. "
19．What is special about Vision AVTR
A．It is an electric car.
B．It doesn't need a driver.
C．It runs on nothing but solar energy.
D．It can be controlled by the driver using his mind.
20．The writer mentions the film Avatar ____ .
A．to tell us what the car looks like
B．to tell us how the car works
C．to tell us how the car is produced
D．to tell us where the inspiration of the car is from
21．We can learn from the text that____.
A．the car will start by itself
B．the BCI device is necessary for driving the car
C．it takes a long time for the BCI to pick up signals
D．Mercedes-Benz showed Vision AVTR in China
22．What is the best title for the text
A．Electric Cars B．Mind-Controlled Cars
C．The Movie Avatar D．The Brain-Computer Interface
六、词汇语法专练
23． The country's economy has reached an 　 　(用 advance的适当形式填空) level.
24． Can you imagine 　 　(用 live的适当形式填空) without the Internet
25． The foreigner came to Beijing ____ the Great Wall.
A．visit B．visits C．visiting D．to visit
26． His new phone seems to pick 　 　(用适当的单词填空) signals much better than the old one.
27． The book provided me with much-needed 　 　(灵感) for my writing project.
七、Thursday警惕！动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移
警惕！动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移
Many plants and animals around the world are moving to cooler places because of global warming.
Scientists did research on more than 4, 000species from around the world. They found that about half of them are on the move. To find mountains, and heading from the equator to the poles. Animals on land are moving more than 16kilometers every 10 years, while sea animals are moving four times faster.
In North America, for example, pikas(鼠兔) used to climb 13 meters every 10 years. But since the late 1990s, they have climbed an average of 145 meters every 10 years. Also, moths on the mountains in Borneo, a large island in the Pacific Ocean, moved 67 meters up the mountain between 1965 and 2007 to get away from rising temperatures.
Moving species can cause problems. As species move to new areas, the local environment and other animals may not be able to deal with it. In Australia's seas, tropical fish are coming in and eating the kelp forests. This is bad news for the local rock lobster as it also feeds on kelp forests.
Scientists also warn that the movement of species can make climate change more serious. Take bark beetles as an example. They are harmful and can cause more trees to die. As a result, these trees offer more fuel for forest fires, giving off more planet-warming carbon dioxide, reported The Guardian.
"Climate change is still going on. There is a risk that many species may die out as a result of all these changes, " a professor of the University of York, UK, told TheIndependent.
28．What did the research in Paragraph 2 find out
A．About 2, 000 species will live around the poles.
B．About 2, 000 species are moving to cooler areas.
C．Animals on land will move into the sea in 10 years.
D．Animals on land are moving faster than sea animals.
29．What can we know from Paragraph 3
A．Pikas used to live 13 meters up in the mountains.
B．Pikas are speeding up their climb up the mountains.
C．Moths are moving to live on an island in Borneo.
D．Moths stopped their mountain movement in 2007.
30．Why does the writer mention the rock lobster in Paragraph 4
A．To tell us why the kelp forests are dying out.
B．To tell us the environment in Australia is getting worse.
C．To show that not all species will move away from their homes.
D．To show that incoming species may result in less food for local species.
31．What might the species movement mean for us
A．It can make things worse for us.
B．It is the main reason for forest fires.
C．It will be a way to slow down climate change.
D．It mainly influences the northern half of the world.
八、词汇语法专练
32． Scientists say that world warming is a real problem. (用高级单词替换 world)
33． We are going to the beach. Let's go towards south. (用高级单词替换 go towards)
34． 老虎以各种肉类为食。
Tigers feed 　 　 various kinds of meat.
35． He made some mistakes, and, as a 　 　(结果), failed the exam.
36． If we don't protect these rare animals, they will soon ____ .
A．die out B．die away C．die down D．die of
九、Friday完形填空与新题型
A阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Have you ever made something that no one else had made before People who make something new are called 37． . Victor Ochoa was one of those people. He 38． many things and one of them was a flying machine. In 1908, he was thinking about how the birds 39． their wings and went into the sky. He hoped to make a machine that 40． like a bird. Soon he took action and began to 41． birds carefully to learn how their wings worked.
Finally, he used what he had learned to build a plane. The body of the plane was made of two 42． side by side. The plane had a small motor(发动机) that sat between the two bikes. The back was shaped like a bird's tail. The wings were 43． from a common plane. They could even be folded(折叠) down like a bird's wings. Amazing!
Victor wanted to help people with his ideas. His 44． was like a motor that never turned off. He was always trying to make life better and easier. He did not let any difficulties 45． him from making other things.
However, not all of his ideas worked. No one who tries something new is 46． every time. The most important method is to keep trying and never give up.
37．A． thinkers B． soldiers C． inventors D． drivers
38．A． shut B． considered C． sold D． made
39．A． punished B． used C． burned D． fixed
40．A． ran B． walked C． flew D． swam
41．A． turn on B． hand in C． give up D． look at
42．A． bikes B． desks C． boxes D． scissors
43．A． hopeless B． free C． boring D． different
44．A． flag B． textbook C． mind D． factory
45．A． force B． prevent C． check D． heat
46．A． terrible B． colorful C． successful D． careless
B用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，方框中有两个词多余。
set, old, find, important, lately, laugh, record, surprise, probable, seem, he, event
Last February in the remains of an ancient palace in Xi' an, Chinese archeologists(考古学家) discovered several broken parts of a 2, 400-year-old flush toilet(冲水马桶). They believe it might be the world's 　47． 　 flush toilet. Although it's nearly impossible 　48． 　 the upper parts of it, what's left is still in good shape.
"It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed in China, " said Liu, a researcher. "Everybody on the research team was 　49． 　 when we found it, and then we all　50． 　. "
Described by researchers as a" luxury(奢华的) object", the toilet is thought to have been located inside the palace. The researchers believe this toilet was 　51． 　 for important people between the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty and might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or 　52． 　 father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that maybe the toilet　53． 　 indoors and connected to an outdoor pit(深坑). The servants would pour water into it every time the owner used the toilet.
There are many historical 　54． 　 about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been unearthed. It shows that the ancient Chinese people already realized the　55． 　 of hygiene(卫生). And surprisingly, it 　56． 　 that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones.
C在空白处填入适当的内容，使对话完整。
A: Hello, Daisy. The second term comes.
B: Oh, yeah. And we have many clubs this term. 　57． 　
A: I want to join the math club. How about you
B: 　58． 　 . Because I'm good at swimming.
A: I also like swimming. Can you teach me
B: 　59． 　. I am free this Sunday afternoon, and I can teach you.
A: Thank you. 　60． 　
B: No, I can't sing. But I can write songs.
A: 　61． 　 ! Then you can join two clubs.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
4．D
5．D
【知识点】说明文；“一带一路”
【解析】【分析】本文关于塞尔维亚的贝尔格莱德和诺维萨德两地之间交通不便，高铁开通后情况得到很大改善。这是"一带一路"下的项目，它加强了中塞合作，促进了塞尔维亚发展。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中"The bus took him up to three hours. The train was slow too, at 40 kilometers an hour."（巴士需要长达三小时，火车也很慢，时速40公里）可知，第一段通过描述过去的交通状况，展示了此前塞尔维亚的交通问题。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段中"The bus took him up to three hours."（巴士带他花费了长达三小时）可知，乘坐巴士的时间为三小时。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中"Since 2013, ties with China have been stronger."（自2013年以来，与中国的关系变得更紧密）可推断，塞尔维亚与中国的关系愈发密切。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中"The prime minister said it shows the friendship."（总理表示这展示了友谊）可知，D选项"总理认为这条铁路显示了塞尔维亚和中国之间的友谊。"表述正确。故选D。
5．文章大意题。全文围绕塞尔维亚的80公里高铁项目展开，多次提及它是"Belt and Road project"（一带一路项目）的一部分，并介绍其对中塞合作的意义。所以主要讲了一带一路塞尔维亚项目。故选D。
6．【答案】inconvenient
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：我现在来不太方便。"not convenient"表示"不方便的"，其形容词形式"inconvenient"为更正式的表达，属于高级词汇替换。此处用形容词作句子表语，故填inconvenient。
【点评】考查形容词作表语。注意多做句型转换的练习题，熟悉不同句型之间的转换规则。
7．【答案】up to
【知识点】介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意：这辆车的价格可能高达5万美元。多达up to，常用于表示价格、数量的上限。故填up to。
【点评】考查介词短语。解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：这个年轻人自从2008年起就住在伦敦。A. lived 一般过去时；B. has lived 现在完成时；C. had lived 过去完成时；D. lives 一般现在时。根据"since 2008（自从2008年）"可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，结构为"have/has + 过去分词"，主语"The young man"是第三人称单数，故用"has lived"。故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。注意"since + 时间点"是现在完成时的标志词，需掌握不同时态的结构和用法。
9．【答案】has been finished
【知识点】现在完成时的被动语态；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：她的作业已经完成了。finish完成，动词。根据already可知，句子时态为现在完成时。且主语"homework"与动词"finish"之间为被动关系（作业被完成），故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语homework是不可数名词，所以动词形式为has been finished。故填has been finished。
【点评】考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。分析主被动关系，根据语境选择合适的答案。
10．【答案】with
【知识点】介词短语；表所属或伴随的介词
【解析】【分析】句意：她是一个有着蓝色眼睛和金色头发的女孩。原句用定语从句"who has..."修饰先行词"girl"，可简化为介词短语"with + 特征"作后置定语。"with"表示"具有、带有"，故填with。
【点评】考查介词短语。完成句型转换后，务必检查转换后的句子是否语法正确、意思清晰且符合题目要求。
【答案】11．C
12．A
13．D
【知识点】说明文；身边的事物与环境；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择
【解析】【分析】研究指出小善举普遍存在于各文化，人们乐于助人，且文化差异不如人们需帮助时给予帮助的普遍倾向重要。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先理解问题所问，带着问题从原文找到答案。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段中"Earlier studies of kindness usually focused on cultural traditions"（早期关于善意的研究通常关注文化传统）可知，早期关于善意的研究通常关注文化传统。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据文中提到"Researchers say these small acts of kindness are common..."（研究者称这些小善举很普遍）并列举了澳大利亚、厄瓜多尔等多国的研究视频（"studied videos of more than 350 people"）可知，作者是通过列举关于善良的研究来阐述观点。故选A。
13．标题选择题。全文围绕"small acts of kindness"（小善举）展开，通过研究证明其在所有文化中普遍存在（"common and are found in all cultures"）。所以D项"小小的善举很常见"符合题意。故选D。
14．【答案】C
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我不记得在某个地方见过你，但我确实遇到过你。A. meet 动词原形；B. to meet 不定式，表"记得去做某事（未做）"；C. meeting 动名词，表"记得做过某事（已做）"；D. met 过去式。根据"but I really met you（但我确实遇到过你）"可知，此处指"记得见过你（已发生）"，应用"remember doing sth.（记得做过某事）"。故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动名词）。注意区分"remember to do sth."和"remember doing sth."的含义，根据语境判断动作是否已发生。
15．【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开房间时，别忘了关灯。A. turn转动，动词原形；B. to turn转动，不定式，表"忘记去做某事（未做）"；C. turning转动，动名词，表"忘记做过某事（已做）"；D. turned转动，过去式。根据"when you leave the room（当你离开房间时）"可知，关灯动作尚未发生，应用"forget to do sth.（记得去做某事）"。故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。掌握"forget to do sth."和"forget doing sth."的用法差异，根据动作发生的时间判断。
16．【答案】focus on
【知识点】不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为学生，我们应该专注于学习。"focus on"表示"集中注意力于……"，是"pay attention to"的高级替换短语，更强调"专注"的状态。should是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填focus on。
【点评】考查动词短语。注意寻找与原句意思相近的词汇或短语进行替换。
17．【答案】Eating
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：多吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。eat吃，动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为"吃水果和蔬菜"，需用动名词形式"eating"作主语，句首首字母大写，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数（"is"）。故填Eating。
【点评】考查动名词形式。注意动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词形式（如不定式、动名词、分词）等。
18．【答案】A
【知识点】that引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我不喜欢你和你父母说话的方式。A. that 关系词，可指方式，在从句中可省略；B. which 指物；C. whom 指人；D. what 不能引导定语从句。当先行词是"way（方式）"时，关系词可用"that"/"in which"或省略。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词。注意先行词为"way"时的特殊用法，牢记可用的关系词及省略情况。
【答案】19．D
20．D
21．B
22．B
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择；科学技术
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了通过意念来操控汽车的高新技术。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文，核对答案。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中"drivers can just control the car using their brains through the brain-computer interface"（驾驶员可通过脑机接口用大脑控制汽车）可知，该车的特殊之处在于"意念控制"。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段中"the car takes inspiration exactly from it"（这辆车的灵感正是来源于它）可知，提及《阿凡达》是为了说明汽车的设计灵感来源。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中"drivers or users must wear the BCI device around their head"（驾驶员必须佩戴BCI设备）可知，BCI设备是驾驶该车的必要条件。故选B。
22．标题选择题。全文围绕梅赛德斯-奔驰的意念控制汽车展开，介绍其技术原理、灵感来源及设备要求。B项"意念控制汽车"符合题意，故选B。
23．【答案】advanced
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：这个国家的经济已达到先进水平。advance进展，名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词level，"advance"的形容词形式"advanced"表示"先进的、高级的"，故填advanced。
【点评】考查形容词作定语。将选定的形容词填入句子中，检查句子的语法和逻辑是否通顺。
24．【答案】living
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：你能想象没有互联网的生活吗？live居住，动词。"imagine"后接动名词形式作宾语，"imagine doing sth."固定短语，表示"想象做某事"。live的动名词形式为living，故填living。
【点评】考查动名词形式。确保所选动词能够准确表达句子中的动作或状态，并符合句子的时态和语态要求。
25．【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：这个外国人来北京是为了参观长城。A. visit 动词原形；B. visits 第三人称单数；C. visiting 动名词；D. to visit 不定式，表目的。根据句意可知，"来北京"的目的是"参观长城"，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。不定式作目的状语时，可置于句首或句末，注意与其他非谓语形式的功能区分。
26．【答案】up
【知识点】不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的新手机似乎比旧手机接收信号好得多。"pick up"为固定短语，意为"接收（信号、声音等）"。故填up。
【点评】考查介词和动词短语。确定介词在句子中的位置和它所连接的两个部分（通常是名词、代词或动词短语）。
27．【答案】inspiration
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这本书为我的写作项目提供了急需的灵感。灵感inspiration，不可数名词。不可数名词使用时用原形，故填inspiration。
【点评】考查不可数名词。学生应熟悉常见名词的用法和搭配，并能够根据句子的语境和提示快速准确地选出答案。
【答案】28．B
29．B
30．D
31．A
【知识点】说明文；环保意识与环保行为；自然灾害；推理判断
【解析】【分析】本文关于由于全球变暖，世界上许多动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移，这种迁移会带来严重的问题。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读全文，以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主，在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中"Scientists did research...found that about half of them are on the move."（科学家研究发现约一半物种在迁移）结合"more than 4,000 species（4000多种）"可知，约2000个物种正迁往更凉爽的地区。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中"pikas used to climb 13 meters every 10 years...since the late 1990s, they have climbed an average of 145 meters every 10 years."（鼠兔过去每10年爬13米，90年代末后平均每10年爬145米）可推断，鼠兔加速了向山上迁移的速度。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中"tropical fish are coming in and eating the kelp forests...bad news for the local rock lobster as it also feeds on kelp"（热带鱼迁入吃掉海藻，而岩龙虾也以海藻为食）可知，作者提及岩龙虾是为了说明外来物种导致本地物种食物减少。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段中"the movement of species can make climate change more serious"（物种迁移会使气候变化更严重）以及树皮甲虫导致森林火灾、释放二氧化碳的例子可知，物种迁移对人类而言会使情况恶化。故选A。
32．【答案】global
【知识点】形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：科学家称全球变暖是一个真实的问题。"world"在此处表示"全球的"，可用形容词"global"替换，"global warming"（全球变暖）为固定术语，更正式、专业。故填global。
【点评】考查形容词作定语。首先，要仔细阅读题目要求，明确需要进行的句型转换类型，如陈述句转疑问句、肯定句转否定句、主动语态转被动语态等。
33．【答案】head
【知识点】动词原形
【解析】【分析】句意：我们要去海滩。咱们朝南走。"go towards"表示"朝……走"，可用动词"head"替换，"head + 方向"意为"朝……行进"，let's后接动词原形，故填head。
【点评】考查动词原形。要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词。
34．【答案】on
【知识点】汉译英；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，缺少翻译"以……为食"。以……为食feed on，构成动词短语，故填on。
【点评】考查汉译英和动词短语。完成翻译后，要对译文进行检查校对，确保没有语法错误、拼写错误或漏译等问题。同时，也要检查译文是否流畅自然、符合英语表达习惯。
35．【答案】result
【知识点】可数名词的单数
【解析】【分析】句意：他犯了一些错误，结果考试不及格。结果result，名词。"as a result"为固定短语，意为"结果"，用于连接因果关系。故填result。
【点评】考查名词。确保所选名词能够准确表达句子中的意思。
36．【答案】A
【知识点】短语辨析；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们不保护这些珍稀动物，它们很快就会灭绝。A. die out 灭绝；B. die away （声音、风等）逐渐消失；C. die down （火、情绪等）平息；D. die of 死于（内因）。根据"we don't protect these rare animals（我们不保护这些珍稀动物）"结合常识可知，动物们会灭绝。故选A。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。注意区分不同"die"短语的含义，结合语境选择合适的表达。
【答案】37．C；38．D；39．B；40．C；41．D；42．A；43．D；44．C；45．B；46．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章主要讲述发明家 Victor Ochoa发明飞行器的故事。他想帮助人们，虽然失败了，但他从来没有想过放弃。
【点评】考查完形填空。将各个选项逐一代入空白处，进行综合比较，排除不符合语境或逻辑的选项。
37．句意：制造出新东西的人被称为发明家。A. thinkers（思考者）；B.soldiers（士兵）；C.inventors（发明家）；D.drivers（司机）。根据原文"People who make something new"（制造新事物的人）结合常识可知，此处指"发明家"，"inventors"指发明新东西的人，与语境匹配。故选C。
38．句意：他制造很多东西，其中之一是飞行器。A. shut（关闭）；B.considered（考虑）；C.sold（出售）；D.made（制造）。根据前文提到"make something new（创造新事物）"可知，此处呼应"制造东西"，用"made"。故选D。
39．句意：1908年，他在思考鸟类如何使用翅膀飞向天空。A. punished（惩罚）；B.used（使用）；C.burned（燃烧）；D.fixed（修理）。根据常识可知，鸟类"使用翅膀"飞行，"used"符合逻辑。原文"how the birds...went into the sky（鸟是怎样的……飞向天空）"也暗示动作与翅膀功能相关。故选B。
40．句意：他希望制造一台像鸟一样飞的机器。A. ran（跑）；B.walked（走）；C.flew（飞）；D.swam（游泳）。根据"flying machine（飞行器）"和"like a bird（像一只鸟）"可知，此处指机器应能"飞"，选"flew"。故选C。
41．句意：很快他采取行动，开始仔细观察鸟类，学习它们的翅膀如何工作。A. turn on（打开）；B.hand in（上交）；C.give up（放弃）；D.look at（观察）。根据语境可知，为了学习翅膀的工作原理，需要"观察"鸟类，"look at"符合语境。故选D。
42．句意：飞机的机身由两辆自行车并排组成。A. bikes（自行车）；B.desks（桌子）；C.boxes（盒子）；D.scissors（剪刀）。根据后文提到"between the two bikes（在两辆自行车之间）"可知，此处指自行车"bikes"。故选A。
43．句意：翅膀与普通飞机不同。它们甚至可以像鸟的翅膀一样折叠。A. hopeless（无望的）；B.free（自由的）；C.boring（无聊的）；D.different（不同的）。根据常识可知，"be folded(折叠) down（可以折叠）"说明翅膀与普通飞机"不同"，用"different"。故选D。
44．句意：他的头脑像一个从未关闭的马达。他总是努力让生活更美好、更轻松。A. flag（旗帜）；B.textbook（教科书）；C.mind（头脑）；D.factory（工厂）。根据"like a motor that never turned off（就像一台永不熄火的发动机）"结合上文可知，此处比喻他的"头脑"一直运转，思考如何改善生活，选"mind"。故选C。
45．句意：他不让任何困难阻止他制造其他东西。A. force（强迫）；B.prevent（阻止）；C.check（检查）；D.heat（加热）。"prevent sb. from doing sth."为固定搭配，意为"阻止某人做某事"，符合语境。故选B。
46．句意：尝试新事物的人不可能每次都成功。A. terrible（糟糕的）；B.colorful（多彩的）；C.successful（成功的）；D.careless（粗心的）。根据前文提到"not all of his ideas worked"（并非所有想法都有效）可推测，尝试新事物未必"成功"，"successful成功的"，符合题意。故选C。
【答案】47．oldest；48．to find；49．surprised；50．laughed；51．probably；52．his；53．was set；54．records；55．importance；56．seems
【知识点】记叙文；考古发现
【解析】【分析】本文关于中国考古学家在西安一古宫殿遗址发现2400年前冲水马桶残件，或为世界最早。此发现表明古人已重视卫生，且古今马桶差异不大。
set设置；old老的；find找到；important重要的；lately最近；laugh笑； record记录；surprise使……惊讶；probable可能的；seem似乎；he他；event事件。
【点评】考查选词埴空。注意理解句意，首先读一遍，然后再逐一作答。注意句型、搭配、短语及语境。
47．句意：他们认为这可能是世界上最古老的冲水马桶。根据"2,400-year-old"（2400年历史）及"the world's"可知，此处需用形容词最高级"oldest"，表示"最古老的"，呼应前文对其历史悠久的描述。名词所有格world's后接最高级时不加the，故填oldest。
48．句意：尽管几乎不可能找到它的上部部件……根据句意可知，此处指"不可能找到"。结合所给单词可知，find找到，符合题意。分析句子结构可知，此处为"It is + adj. + to do sth.（做某事是……）"固定句型，"to find"作真正主语，意为"找到"，符合"马桶上部已损坏，难以寻觅"的语境。故填to find。
49．句意：研究团队的每个人发现它时都很惊讶……根据"It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed in China（这是中国出土的第一个也是唯一一个抽水马桶）"可推测，考古学家对"出土古代马桶"这一发现的震惊，此处指人感到惊讶，结合所给词汇可知，"surprised"（感到惊讶的）修饰人，符合语境。故填surprised。
50．句意：然后我们都笑了。根据句意可知，此处应用"笑"与"surprised"形成情绪递进，体现团队从惊讶到因这一奇特发现而发笑的反应。结合所给词汇可知，laugh笑，符合题意。根据we found it可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式laughed，故填laughed。
51．句意：研究人员认为这个马桶可能是为重要人物设计的……根据句意可知，此处是研究人员对马桶使用者身份的推测，"probably"（可能地）为副词，修饰动词"was"，符合考古研究中"基于证据的推断"语境。故填probably。
52．句意：……秦孝公或他的父亲秦献公。根据句意可知，指代"Duke Xiao of Qin"的父亲，用"his"形容词性物主代词，避免重复名词，符合语法逻辑。故填his。
53．句意：刘指出，也许这个马桶被安装在室内……根据indoors结合常识可知，马桶应是被安装在室内。结合所给词汇可知，set安装，符合题意。且为被动语态。事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the toilet是单数形式，动词形式为"was set"，故填was set。
54．句意：中国古代有许多关于厕所的历史记载……根据句意可知，此处应是"historical records"指"历史文献"，与后文"unearthed"（出土）形成对比，说明既有文献记载也有实物发现。records（记录）符合题意，此处用可数名词复数表泛指，故填records。
55．句意：这表明古代中国人已经意识到卫生的重要性。根据上文出土马桶可知，古代中国人能意识到卫生的重要性。结合所给词汇可知，"important"（重要的）符合题意，"the importance of..."为固定搭配，强调古人对卫生的重视，符合马桶作为"卫生设施"的功能定位。故填importance。
56．句意：令人惊讶的是，似乎古代厕所和现代厕所没有太大区别……"it seems that..."为固定句型，表示"看起来……"，引出对古今厕所相似性的总结。客观事实用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，动词应用三单形式seems，故填seems。
【答案】57．What club do you want to join；58．I want to join the swimming club；59．Sure/ Certainly；60．Can you sing；61．Sounds great
【知识点】其他语篇类型；学校生活
【解析】【分析】这段对话主要围绕新学期俱乐部的选择展开。
【点评】考查补全对话。要紧扣话题，根据上下文逻辑关系进行准确判断。
57．根据上文"And we have many clubs this term.（这学期我们有很多俱乐部。）"以及下文回答"I want to join the math club.（我想加入数学俱乐部。）"可知，此处应该是询问对方想加入什么俱乐部，"What club do you want to join"符合题意，故填What club do you want to join。
58．根据上文提问"How about you （你呢？）"以及后文"Because I'm good at swimming.（因为我擅长游泳。）"可知，此处应回答想加入游泳俱乐部，"I want to join the swimming club"符合语境，故填I want to join the swimming club。
59．根据上文提问"Can you teach me （你能教我吗？）"以及后文"I am free this Sunday afternoon, and I can teach you.（这个周日下午我有空，我可以教你。）"可知，此处是肯定回答，"Sure/ Certainly"表示"当然可以"，符合题意，故填Sure/ Certainly。
60．根据下文"No, I can't sing.（不，我不会唱歌。但我会写歌。）"可知，此处应该是询问对方是否会唱歌，"Can you sing"符合题意，故填Can you sing。
61．根据上文"But I can write songs.（但我会写歌。）"以及下文"Then you can join two clubs.（那你可以加入两个俱乐部。）"可知，此处应是A对B既能游泳又能写歌的能力表示认可。"Sounds great！"用于对B的情况表示赞叹，符合"建议加入两个俱乐部"的语境，故填Sounds great!
1 / 1哈佛英语时文阅读-7年级 Week11
一、Monday"一带一路"下的塞尔维亚高铁
"一带一路"下的塞尔维亚高铁
For Miroslav Milovanovic, a Serbian in Belgrade, going from the capital to NoviSad to see his friend was not convenient. The bus took him up to three hours. The train was slow too, at 40 kilometers an hour.
But two years ago, a high-speed train with a speed of 200 km/h started. Now the trip is just half an hour. Nearly 7 million passenger trips have been made in two years. An average of 62 trains run every day.
The 80-km railway is part of the 342-km Belgrade-Budapest railway. It's a key Belt and Road project. When it's fully open, travel time will be shorter.
Serbia was an early supporter of the Belt and Road. Since 2013, ties with China have been stronger. Duan, a deputy chief engineer, has seen the changes since 2017. The high-speed train makes travel and trade easier. It also creates jobs.
Locals are nice to Chinese workers. They bring water and food. On April 25, a milestone was reached. Track-laying for another section was done. The prime minister said it shows the friendship. "The railway is not the only project. There's also a bridge and a highway. They help Serbia a lot, " he said.
Chinese investment is not just in transport. HBIS Group Serbia Iron and Steel is a big producer. Its trade has grown a lot. Chinese investment has increased a lot too.
1．The first paragraph of the passage is mainly used to____1+
A．introduce the main character
B．describe the scenery of Serbia
C．explain the background of the story
D．show the problem of transportation before
2．How long did it take Miroslav Milovanovic to travel from Belgrade to Novi Sad by bus
A．Half an hour. B．One hour.
C．Two hours. D．Three hours.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．The Belgrade-Budapest railway is fully open now.
B．The high-speed train has no influence on jobs in Serbia.
C．The relationship between Serbia and China has become closer.
D．There is no other Chinese investment project in Serbia except the railway.
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．The high-speed train runs at 40 kilometers an hour.
B．Less than 7 million passenger trips have been made in two years.
C．The 80-km railway is the whole Belgrade-Budapest railway.
D．The prime minister thinks the railway shows the friendship between Serbia and China.
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The development of transportation in Serbia.
B．The friendship between Serbia and China.
C．The benefits of Chinese investment in Serbia.
D．The Belt and Road project in Serbia.
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
4．D
5．D
【知识点】说明文；“一带一路”
【解析】【分析】本文关于塞尔维亚的贝尔格莱德和诺维萨德两地之间交通不便，高铁开通后情况得到很大改善。这是"一带一路"下的项目，它加强了中塞合作，促进了塞尔维亚发展。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中"The bus took him up to three hours. The train was slow too, at 40 kilometers an hour."（巴士需要长达三小时，火车也很慢，时速40公里）可知，第一段通过描述过去的交通状况，展示了此前塞尔维亚的交通问题。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段中"The bus took him up to three hours."（巴士带他花费了长达三小时）可知，乘坐巴士的时间为三小时。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中"Since 2013, ties with China have been stronger."（自2013年以来，与中国的关系变得更紧密）可推断，塞尔维亚与中国的关系愈发密切。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中"The prime minister said it shows the friendship."（总理表示这展示了友谊）可知，D选项"总理认为这条铁路显示了塞尔维亚和中国之间的友谊。"表述正确。故选D。
5．文章大意题。全文围绕塞尔维亚的80公里高铁项目展开，多次提及它是"Belt and Road project"（一带一路项目）的一部分，并介绍其对中塞合作的意义。所以主要讲了一带一路塞尔维亚项目。故选D。
二、词汇语法专练
6． It's not convenient for me to come now. (用高级单词替换 not convenient)
【答案】inconvenient
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：我现在来不太方便。"not convenient"表示"不方便的"，其形容词形式"inconvenient"为更正式的表达，属于高级词汇替换。此处用形容词作句子表语，故填inconvenient。
【点评】考查形容词作表语。注意多做句型转换的练习题，熟悉不同句型之间的转换规则。
7． The price of this car can be 　 　(多达) $50, 000.
【答案】up to
【知识点】介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意：这辆车的价格可能高达5万美元。多达up to，常用于表示价格、数量的上限。故填up to。
【点评】考查介词短语。解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系。
8． The young man ____ in London since 2008.
A．lived B．has lived C．had lived D．lives
【答案】B
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：这个年轻人自从2008年起就住在伦敦。A. lived 一般过去时；B. has lived 现在完成时；C. had lived 过去完成时；D. lives 一般现在时。根据"since 2008（自从2008年）"可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，结构为"have/has + 过去分词"，主语"The young man"是第三人称单数，故用"has lived"。故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。注意"since + 时间点"是现在完成时的标志词，需掌握不同时态的结构和用法。
9． Her homework 　 　(用 finish的适当形式填空) already.
【答案】has been finished
【知识点】现在完成时的被动语态；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：她的作业已经完成了。finish完成，动词。根据already可知，句子时态为现在完成时。且主语"homework"与动词"finish"之间为被动关系（作业被完成），故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语homework是不可数名词，所以动词形式为has been finished。故填has been finished。
【点评】考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。分析主被动关系，根据语境选择合适的答案。
10． She is a girl who has blue eyes and golden hair. (用适当的介词简化句子)
She is a girl 　 　 blue eyes and golden hair.
【答案】with
【知识点】介词短语；表所属或伴随的介词
【解析】【分析】句意：她是一个有着蓝色眼睛和金色头发的女孩。原句用定语从句"who has..."修饰先行词"girl"，可简化为介词短语"with + 特征"作后置定语。"with"表示"具有、带有"，故填with。
【点评】考查介词短语。完成句型转换后，务必检查转换后的句子是否语法正确、意思清晰且符合题目要求。
三、Tuesday帮助他人是人类的天性
帮助他人是人类的天性
Many of us probably don't remember how many times we've been thankful for someone's small acts of kindness.
It's like when your friend gives you a pen as you search your pockets, or when a classmate leaves his seat to help you pick up your book as it falls onto the floor. Researchers say these small acts of kindness are common and are found in all cultures.
The study found that people usually agreed to the requests and were happy to help others they knew. However, it did not focus on kindness between strangers.
Helping others is a general part of human nature. The researchers studied videos of more than 350 people in Australia, Ecuador, Ghana, Italy, Laos, Poland, Russia and the United Kingdom. They tried to answer the question: Does kindness come mainly from different cultural traditions, or does it come from common human action
Earlier studies of kindness usually focused on cultural traditions, such as Indonesian whale hunters sharing their meat or rich Kenyans paying for village roads. The new study found that people from all cultures are similar in the ways they show kindness. The study showed that cultural differences are less important than people's general" tendency to give help when needed".
11．What did earlier studies of kindness usually focus on
A．Living places. B．Human nature.
C．Cultural traditions. D．People's appearances.
12．How does the writer state his idea
A．By listing studies about kindness.
B．By explaining the meaning of kindness.
C．By raising questions about human behavior.
D．By giving examples about showing kindness.
13．What is the best title for the text
A．The Research on Culture
B．People's Social Behavior in Towns
C．The Importance of Cultural
D．Small Acts of Kindness Are Common
【答案】11．C
12．A
13．D
【知识点】说明文；身边的事物与环境；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择
【解析】【分析】研究指出小善举普遍存在于各文化，人们乐于助人，且文化差异不如人们需帮助时给予帮助的普遍倾向重要。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先理解问题所问，带着问题从原文找到答案。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段中"Earlier studies of kindness usually focused on cultural traditions"（早期关于善意的研究通常关注文化传统）可知，早期关于善意的研究通常关注文化传统。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据文中提到"Researchers say these small acts of kindness are common..."（研究者称这些小善举很普遍）并列举了澳大利亚、厄瓜多尔等多国的研究视频（"studied videos of more than 350 people"）可知，作者是通过列举关于善良的研究来阐述观点。故选A。
13．标题选择题。全文围绕"small acts of kindness"（小善举）展开，通过研究证明其在所有文化中普遍存在（"common and are found in all cultures"）。所以D项"小小的善举很常见"符合题意。故选D。
四、词汇语法专练
14． I can't remember ____ you somewhere, but I really met you.
A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met
【答案】C
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我不记得在某个地方见过你，但我确实遇到过你。A. meet 动词原形；B. to meet 不定式，表"记得去做某事（未做）"；C. meeting 动名词，表"记得做过某事（已做）"；D. met 过去式。根据"but I really met you（但我确实遇到过你）"可知，此处指"记得见过你（已发生）"，应用"remember doing sth.（记得做过某事）"。故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动名词）。注意区分"remember to do sth."和"remember doing sth."的含义，根据语境判断动作是否已发生。
15． Don't forget ____ off the light when you leave the room.
A．turn B．to turn C．turning D．turned
【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开房间时，别忘了关灯。A. turn转动，动词原形；B. to turn转动，不定式，表"忘记去做某事（未做）"；C. turning转动，动名词，表"忘记做过某事（已做）"；D. turned转动，过去式。根据"when you leave the room（当你离开房间时）"可知，关灯动作尚未发生，应用"forget to do sth.（记得去做某事）"。故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。掌握"forget to do sth."和"forget doing sth."的用法差异，根据动作发生的时间判断。
16． As a student, we should pay attention to learning. (用高级短语替换 pay attention to)
As a student, we should 　 　 learning.
【答案】focus on
【知识点】不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为学生，我们应该专注于学习。"focus on"表示"集中注意力于……"，是"pay attention to"的高级替换短语，更强调"专注"的状态。should是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填focus on。
【点评】考查动词短语。注意寻找与原句意思相近的词汇或短语进行替换。
17．　 　(用 eat的适当形式填空) more fruit and vegetables is good for our health.
【答案】Eating
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：多吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。eat吃，动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为"吃水果和蔬菜"，需用动名词形式"eating"作主语，句首首字母大写，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数（"is"）。故填Eating。
【点评】考查动名词形式。注意动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词形式（如不定式、动名词、分词）等。
18． I don't like the way ____ you speak to your parents.
A．that B．which C．whom D．what
【答案】A
【知识点】that引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我不喜欢你和你父母说话的方式。A. that 关系词，可指方式，在从句中可省略；B. which 指物；C. whom 指人；D. what 不能引导定语从句。当先行词是"way（方式）"时，关系词可用"that"/"in which"或省略。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词。注意先行词为"way"时的特殊用法，牢记可用的关系词及省略情况。
五、Wednesday意念操控汽车将成为现实
意念操控汽车将成为现实
Cars are becoming more advanced. In the past ten years, we have seen better electric car technology and driverless cars. Have you ever imagined driving your car only with your mind It might seem to appear in science-fiction movies. However, with its concept car, Mercedes-Benz is making mind-controlled cars a reality.
The car producer Mercedes-Benz brought out the car at a show in Munich. It is called Vision AVTR. The four letters at the end of its name are easy to make people think of the movie Avatar(《阿凡达》). In fact, the car takes inspiration exactly from it. Drivers can just control the car using their brains through the brain-computer interface, or BCI.
To drive the car, drivers or users must wear the BCI device around their head. First, the BCI needs a minute to "read" the driver's brain. Then, the device can pick up signals from the user's brain that work to control the car. This means that users can directly control the car using their thoughts.
A Mercedes spokeswoman spoke about how exciting she thought the car was. She said, "Mercedes-Benz is setting another milestone in the merging of man and machine. "
19．What is special about Vision AVTR
A．It is an electric car.
B．It doesn't need a driver.
C．It runs on nothing but solar energy.
D．It can be controlled by the driver using his mind.
20．The writer mentions the film Avatar ____ .
A．to tell us what the car looks like
B．to tell us how the car works
C．to tell us how the car is produced
D．to tell us where the inspiration of the car is from
21．We can learn from the text that____.
A．the car will start by itself
B．the BCI device is necessary for driving the car
C．it takes a long time for the BCI to pick up signals
D．Mercedes-Benz showed Vision AVTR in China
22．What is the best title for the text
A．Electric Cars B．Mind-Controlled Cars
C．The Movie Avatar D．The Brain-Computer Interface
【答案】19．D
20．D
21．B
22．B
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择；科学技术
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了通过意念来操控汽车的高新技术。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文，核对答案。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中"drivers can just control the car using their brains through the brain-computer interface"（驾驶员可通过脑机接口用大脑控制汽车）可知，该车的特殊之处在于"意念控制"。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段中"the car takes inspiration exactly from it"（这辆车的灵感正是来源于它）可知，提及《阿凡达》是为了说明汽车的设计灵感来源。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中"drivers or users must wear the BCI device around their head"（驾驶员必须佩戴BCI设备）可知，BCI设备是驾驶该车的必要条件。故选B。
22．标题选择题。全文围绕梅赛德斯-奔驰的意念控制汽车展开，介绍其技术原理、灵感来源及设备要求。B项"意念控制汽车"符合题意，故选B。
六、词汇语法专练
23． The country's economy has reached an 　 　(用 advance的适当形式填空) level.
【答案】advanced
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：这个国家的经济已达到先进水平。advance进展，名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词level，"advance"的形容词形式"advanced"表示"先进的、高级的"，故填advanced。
【点评】考查形容词作定语。将选定的形容词填入句子中，检查句子的语法和逻辑是否通顺。
24． Can you imagine 　 　(用 live的适当形式填空) without the Internet
【答案】living
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：你能想象没有互联网的生活吗？live居住，动词。"imagine"后接动名词形式作宾语，"imagine doing sth."固定短语，表示"想象做某事"。live的动名词形式为living，故填living。
【点评】考查动名词形式。确保所选动词能够准确表达句子中的动作或状态，并符合句子的时态和语态要求。
25． The foreigner came to Beijing ____ the Great Wall.
A．visit B．visits C．visiting D．to visit
【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：这个外国人来北京是为了参观长城。A. visit 动词原形；B. visits 第三人称单数；C. visiting 动名词；D. to visit 不定式，表目的。根据句意可知，"来北京"的目的是"参观长城"，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。不定式作目的状语时，可置于句首或句末，注意与其他非谓语形式的功能区分。
26． His new phone seems to pick 　 　(用适当的单词填空) signals much better than the old one.
【答案】up
【知识点】不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的新手机似乎比旧手机接收信号好得多。"pick up"为固定短语，意为"接收（信号、声音等）"。故填up。
【点评】考查介词和动词短语。确定介词在句子中的位置和它所连接的两个部分（通常是名词、代词或动词短语）。
27． The book provided me with much-needed 　 　(灵感) for my writing project.
【答案】inspiration
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这本书为我的写作项目提供了急需的灵感。灵感inspiration，不可数名词。不可数名词使用时用原形，故填inspiration。
【点评】考查不可数名词。学生应熟悉常见名词的用法和搭配，并能够根据句子的语境和提示快速准确地选出答案。
七、Thursday警惕！动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移
警惕！动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移
Many plants and animals around the world are moving to cooler places because of global warming.
Scientists did research on more than 4, 000species from around the world. They found that about half of them are on the move. To find mountains, and heading from the equator to the poles. Animals on land are moving more than 16kilometers every 10 years, while sea animals are moving four times faster.
In North America, for example, pikas(鼠兔) used to climb 13 meters every 10 years. But since the late 1990s, they have climbed an average of 145 meters every 10 years. Also, moths on the mountains in Borneo, a large island in the Pacific Ocean, moved 67 meters up the mountain between 1965 and 2007 to get away from rising temperatures.
Moving species can cause problems. As species move to new areas, the local environment and other animals may not be able to deal with it. In Australia's seas, tropical fish are coming in and eating the kelp forests. This is bad news for the local rock lobster as it also feeds on kelp forests.
Scientists also warn that the movement of species can make climate change more serious. Take bark beetles as an example. They are harmful and can cause more trees to die. As a result, these trees offer more fuel for forest fires, giving off more planet-warming carbon dioxide, reported The Guardian.
"Climate change is still going on. There is a risk that many species may die out as a result of all these changes, " a professor of the University of York, UK, told TheIndependent.
28．What did the research in Paragraph 2 find out
A．About 2, 000 species will live around the poles.
B．About 2, 000 species are moving to cooler areas.
C．Animals on land will move into the sea in 10 years.
D．Animals on land are moving faster than sea animals.
29．What can we know from Paragraph 3
A．Pikas used to live 13 meters up in the mountains.
B．Pikas are speeding up their climb up the mountains.
C．Moths are moving to live on an island in Borneo.
D．Moths stopped their mountain movement in 2007.
30．Why does the writer mention the rock lobster in Paragraph 4
A．To tell us why the kelp forests are dying out.
B．To tell us the environment in Australia is getting worse.
C．To show that not all species will move away from their homes.
D．To show that incoming species may result in less food for local species.
31．What might the species movement mean for us
A．It can make things worse for us.
B．It is the main reason for forest fires.
C．It will be a way to slow down climate change.
D．It mainly influences the northern half of the world.
【答案】28．B
29．B
30．D
31．A
【知识点】说明文；环保意识与环保行为；自然灾害；推理判断
【解析】【分析】本文关于由于全球变暖，世界上许多动植物正在向更凉爽的地方迁移，这种迁移会带来严重的问题。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读全文，以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主，在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中"Scientists did research...found that about half of them are on the move."（科学家研究发现约一半物种在迁移）结合"more than 4,000 species（4000多种）"可知，约2000个物种正迁往更凉爽的地区。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中"pikas used to climb 13 meters every 10 years...since the late 1990s, they have climbed an average of 145 meters every 10 years."（鼠兔过去每10年爬13米，90年代末后平均每10年爬145米）可推断，鼠兔加速了向山上迁移的速度。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中"tropical fish are coming in and eating the kelp forests...bad news for the local rock lobster as it also feeds on kelp"（热带鱼迁入吃掉海藻，而岩龙虾也以海藻为食）可知，作者提及岩龙虾是为了说明外来物种导致本地物种食物减少。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段中"the movement of species can make climate change more serious"（物种迁移会使气候变化更严重）以及树皮甲虫导致森林火灾、释放二氧化碳的例子可知，物种迁移对人类而言会使情况恶化。故选A。
八、词汇语法专练
32． Scientists say that world warming is a real problem. (用高级单词替换 world)
【答案】global
【知识点】形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：科学家称全球变暖是一个真实的问题。"world"在此处表示"全球的"，可用形容词"global"替换，"global warming"（全球变暖）为固定术语，更正式、专业。故填global。
【点评】考查形容词作定语。首先，要仔细阅读题目要求，明确需要进行的句型转换类型，如陈述句转疑问句、肯定句转否定句、主动语态转被动语态等。
33． We are going to the beach. Let's go towards south. (用高级单词替换 go towards)
【答案】head
【知识点】动词原形
【解析】【分析】句意：我们要去海滩。咱们朝南走。"go towards"表示"朝……走"，可用动词"head"替换，"head + 方向"意为"朝……行进"，let's后接动词原形，故填head。
【点评】考查动词原形。要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词。
34． 老虎以各种肉类为食。
Tigers feed 　 　 various kinds of meat.
【答案】on
【知识点】汉译英；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，缺少翻译"以……为食"。以……为食feed on，构成动词短语，故填on。
【点评】考查汉译英和动词短语。完成翻译后，要对译文进行检查校对，确保没有语法错误、拼写错误或漏译等问题。同时，也要检查译文是否流畅自然、符合英语表达习惯。
35． He made some mistakes, and, as a 　 　(结果), failed the exam.
【答案】result
【知识点】可数名词的单数
【解析】【分析】句意：他犯了一些错误，结果考试不及格。结果result，名词。"as a result"为固定短语，意为"结果"，用于连接因果关系。故填result。
【点评】考查名词。确保所选名词能够准确表达句子中的意思。
36． If we don't protect these rare animals, they will soon ____ .
A．die out B．die away C．die down D．die of
【答案】A
【知识点】短语辨析；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们不保护这些珍稀动物，它们很快就会灭绝。A. die out 灭绝；B. die away （声音、风等）逐渐消失；C. die down （火、情绪等）平息；D. die of 死于（内因）。根据"we don't protect these rare animals（我们不保护这些珍稀动物）"结合常识可知，动物们会灭绝。故选A。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。注意区分不同"die"短语的含义，结合语境选择合适的表达。
九、Friday完形填空与新题型
A阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Have you ever made something that no one else had made before People who make something new are called 37． . Victor Ochoa was one of those people. He 38． many things and one of them was a flying machine. In 1908, he was thinking about how the birds 39． their wings and went into the sky. He hoped to make a machine that 40． like a bird. Soon he took action and began to 41． birds carefully to learn how their wings worked.
Finally, he used what he had learned to build a plane. The body of the plane was made of two 42． side by side. The plane had a small motor(发动机) that sat between the two bikes. The back was shaped like a bird's tail. The wings were 43． from a common plane. They could even be folded(折叠) down like a bird's wings. Amazing!
Victor wanted to help people with his ideas. His 44． was like a motor that never turned off. He was always trying to make life better and easier. He did not let any difficulties 45． him from making other things.
However, not all of his ideas worked. No one who tries something new is 46． every time. The most important method is to keep trying and never give up.
37．A． thinkers B． soldiers C． inventors D． drivers
38．A． shut B． considered C． sold D． made
39．A． punished B． used C． burned D． fixed
40．A． ran B． walked C． flew D． swam
41．A． turn on B． hand in C． give up D． look at
42．A． bikes B． desks C． boxes D． scissors
43．A． hopeless B． free C． boring D． different
44．A． flag B． textbook C． mind D． factory
45．A． force B． prevent C． check D． heat
46．A． terrible B． colorful C． successful D． careless
【答案】37．C；38．D；39．B；40．C；41．D；42．A；43．D；44．C；45．B；46．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章主要讲述发明家 Victor Ochoa发明飞行器的故事。他想帮助人们，虽然失败了，但他从来没有想过放弃。
【点评】考查完形填空。将各个选项逐一代入空白处，进行综合比较，排除不符合语境或逻辑的选项。
37．句意：制造出新东西的人被称为发明家。A. thinkers（思考者）；B.soldiers（士兵）；C.inventors（发明家）；D.drivers（司机）。根据原文"People who make something new"（制造新事物的人）结合常识可知，此处指"发明家"，"inventors"指发明新东西的人，与语境匹配。故选C。
38．句意：他制造很多东西，其中之一是飞行器。A. shut（关闭）；B.considered（考虑）；C.sold（出售）；D.made（制造）。根据前文提到"make something new（创造新事物）"可知，此处呼应"制造东西"，用"made"。故选D。
39．句意：1908年，他在思考鸟类如何使用翅膀飞向天空。A. punished（惩罚）；B.used（使用）；C.burned（燃烧）；D.fixed（修理）。根据常识可知，鸟类"使用翅膀"飞行，"used"符合逻辑。原文"how the birds...went into the sky（鸟是怎样的……飞向天空）"也暗示动作与翅膀功能相关。故选B。
40．句意：他希望制造一台像鸟一样飞的机器。A. ran（跑）；B.walked（走）；C.flew（飞）；D.swam（游泳）。根据"flying machine（飞行器）"和"like a bird（像一只鸟）"可知，此处指机器应能"飞"，选"flew"。故选C。
41．句意：很快他采取行动，开始仔细观察鸟类，学习它们的翅膀如何工作。A. turn on（打开）；B.hand in（上交）；C.give up（放弃）；D.look at（观察）。根据语境可知，为了学习翅膀的工作原理，需要"观察"鸟类，"look at"符合语境。故选D。
42．句意：飞机的机身由两辆自行车并排组成。A. bikes（自行车）；B.desks（桌子）；C.boxes（盒子）；D.scissors（剪刀）。根据后文提到"between the two bikes（在两辆自行车之间）"可知，此处指自行车"bikes"。故选A。
43．句意：翅膀与普通飞机不同。它们甚至可以像鸟的翅膀一样折叠。A. hopeless（无望的）；B.free（自由的）；C.boring（无聊的）；D.different（不同的）。根据常识可知，"be folded(折叠) down（可以折叠）"说明翅膀与普通飞机"不同"，用"different"。故选D。
44．句意：他的头脑像一个从未关闭的马达。他总是努力让生活更美好、更轻松。A. flag（旗帜）；B.textbook（教科书）；C.mind（头脑）；D.factory（工厂）。根据"like a motor that never turned off（就像一台永不熄火的发动机）"结合上文可知，此处比喻他的"头脑"一直运转，思考如何改善生活，选"mind"。故选C。
45．句意：他不让任何困难阻止他制造其他东西。A. force（强迫）；B.prevent（阻止）；C.check（检查）；D.heat（加热）。"prevent sb. from doing sth."为固定搭配，意为"阻止某人做某事"，符合语境。故选B。
46．句意：尝试新事物的人不可能每次都成功。A. terrible（糟糕的）；B.colorful（多彩的）；C.successful（成功的）；D.careless（粗心的）。根据前文提到"not all of his ideas worked"（并非所有想法都有效）可推测，尝试新事物未必"成功"，"successful成功的"，符合题意。故选C。
B用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，方框中有两个词多余。
set, old, find, important, lately, laugh, record, surprise, probable, seem, he, event
Last February in the remains of an ancient palace in Xi' an, Chinese archeologists(考古学家) discovered several broken parts of a 2, 400-year-old flush toilet(冲水马桶). They believe it might be the world's 　47． 　 flush toilet. Although it's nearly impossible 　48． 　 the upper parts of it, what's left is still in good shape.
"It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed in China, " said Liu, a researcher. "Everybody on the research team was 　49． 　 when we found it, and then we all　50． 　. "
Described by researchers as a" luxury(奢华的) object", the toilet is thought to have been located inside the palace. The researchers believe this toilet was 　51． 　 for important people between the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty and might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or 　52． 　 father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that maybe the toilet　53． 　 indoors and connected to an outdoor pit(深坑). The servants would pour water into it every time the owner used the toilet.
There are many historical 　54． 　 about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been unearthed. It shows that the ancient Chinese people already realized the　55． 　 of hygiene(卫生). And surprisingly, it 　56． 　 that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones.
【答案】47．oldest；48．to find；49．surprised；50．laughed；51．probably；52．his；53．was set；54．records；55．importance；56．seems
【知识点】记叙文；考古发现
【解析】【分析】本文关于中国考古学家在西安一古宫殿遗址发现2400年前冲水马桶残件，或为世界最早。此发现表明古人已重视卫生，且古今马桶差异不大。
set设置；old老的；find找到；important重要的；lately最近；laugh笑； record记录；surprise使……惊讶；probable可能的；seem似乎；he他；event事件。
【点评】考查选词埴空。注意理解句意，首先读一遍，然后再逐一作答。注意句型、搭配、短语及语境。
47．句意：他们认为这可能是世界上最古老的冲水马桶。根据"2,400-year-old"（2400年历史）及"the world's"可知，此处需用形容词最高级"oldest"，表示"最古老的"，呼应前文对其历史悠久的描述。名词所有格world's后接最高级时不加the，故填oldest。
48．句意：尽管几乎不可能找到它的上部部件……根据句意可知，此处指"不可能找到"。结合所给单词可知，find找到，符合题意。分析句子结构可知，此处为"It is + adj. + to do sth.（做某事是……）"固定句型，"to find"作真正主语，意为"找到"，符合"马桶上部已损坏，难以寻觅"的语境。故填to find。
49．句意：研究团队的每个人发现它时都很惊讶……根据"It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed in China（这是中国出土的第一个也是唯一一个抽水马桶）"可推测，考古学家对"出土古代马桶"这一发现的震惊，此处指人感到惊讶，结合所给词汇可知，"surprised"（感到惊讶的）修饰人，符合语境。故填surprised。
50．句意：然后我们都笑了。根据句意可知，此处应用"笑"与"surprised"形成情绪递进，体现团队从惊讶到因这一奇特发现而发笑的反应。结合所给词汇可知，laugh笑，符合题意。根据we found it可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式laughed，故填laughed。
51．句意：研究人员认为这个马桶可能是为重要人物设计的……根据句意可知，此处是研究人员对马桶使用者身份的推测，"probably"（可能地）为副词，修饰动词"was"，符合考古研究中"基于证据的推断"语境。故填probably。
52．句意：……秦孝公或他的父亲秦献公。根据句意可知，指代"Duke Xiao of Qin"的父亲，用"his"形容词性物主代词，避免重复名词，符合语法逻辑。故填his。
53．句意：刘指出，也许这个马桶被安装在室内……根据indoors结合常识可知，马桶应是被安装在室内。结合所给词汇可知，set安装，符合题意。且为被动语态。事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the toilet是单数形式，动词形式为"was set"，故填was set。
54．句意：中国古代有许多关于厕所的历史记载……根据句意可知，此处应是"historical records"指"历史文献"，与后文"unearthed"（出土）形成对比，说明既有文献记载也有实物发现。records（记录）符合题意，此处用可数名词复数表泛指，故填records。
55．句意：这表明古代中国人已经意识到卫生的重要性。根据上文出土马桶可知，古代中国人能意识到卫生的重要性。结合所给词汇可知，"important"（重要的）符合题意，"the importance of..."为固定搭配，强调古人对卫生的重视，符合马桶作为"卫生设施"的功能定位。故填importance。
56．句意：令人惊讶的是，似乎古代厕所和现代厕所没有太大区别……"it seems that..."为固定句型，表示"看起来……"，引出对古今厕所相似性的总结。客观事实用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，动词应用三单形式seems，故填seems。
C在空白处填入适当的内容，使对话完整。
A: Hello, Daisy. The second term comes.
B: Oh, yeah. And we have many clubs this term. 　57． 　
A: I want to join the math club. How about you
B: 　58． 　 . Because I'm good at swimming.
A: I also like swimming. Can you teach me
B: 　59． 　. I am free this Sunday afternoon, and I can teach you.
A: Thank you. 　60． 　
B: No, I can't sing. But I can write songs.
A: 　61． 　 ! Then you can join two clubs.
【答案】57．What club do you want to join；58．I want to join the swimming club；59．Sure/ Certainly；60．Can you sing；61．Sounds great
【知识点】其他语篇类型；学校生活
【解析】【分析】这段对话主要围绕新学期俱乐部的选择展开。
【点评】考查补全对话。要紧扣话题，根据上下文逻辑关系进行准确判断。
57．根据上文"And we have many clubs this term.（这学期我们有很多俱乐部。）"以及下文回答"I want to join the math club.（我想加入数学俱乐部。）"可知，此处应该是询问对方想加入什么俱乐部，"What club do you want to join"符合题意，故填What club do you want to join。
58．根据上文提问"How about you （你呢？）"以及后文"Because I'm good at swimming.（因为我擅长游泳。）"可知，此处应回答想加入游泳俱乐部，"I want to join the swimming club"符合语境，故填I want to join the swimming club。
59．根据上文提问"Can you teach me （你能教我吗？）"以及后文"I am free this Sunday afternoon, and I can teach you.（这个周日下午我有空，我可以教你。）"可知，此处是肯定回答，"Sure/ Certainly"表示"当然可以"，符合题意，故填Sure/ Certainly。
60．根据下文"No, I can't sing.（不，我不会唱歌。但我会写歌。）"可知，此处应该是询问对方是否会唱歌，"Can you sing"符合题意，故填Can you sing。
61．根据上文"But I can write songs.（但我会写歌。）"以及下文"Then you can join two clubs.（那你可以加入两个俱乐部。）"可知，此处应是A对B既能游泳又能写歌的能力表示认可。"Sounds great！"用于对B的情况表示赞叹，符合"建议加入两个俱乐部"的语境，故填Sounds great!
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