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初一上册Unit3专题十九 There be句型
考点 ① there be句型的定义
there be句型在英语中是一种常见的句子结构，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。这一结构以引导词there开始，后常接动词be的各种形式，然后才是主语，主语之后常有表示时间或地点的状语。这种结构中的there本身无词义，其后的动词be具有“存在”的意思，可用于一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时等。
考点 ② there be句型的构成
一、there be句型的肯定句
there be句型的肯定式表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。主要有以下两种结构形式：
There is+a/ an+可数名词单数+地点/时间状语。
There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。
There is an egg on the plate.盘子上有一个鸡蛋。
There are+可数名词复数+地点/时间状语。
There are some flowers in the vase. 花瓶里有一些花。
There is+不可数名词+地点/时间状语
There is some ink in the bottle.瓶子里有些墨水。
二、there be句型的否定句
there be句型的否定式是在谓语动词be后加not(any)或no,表示“没有”之意。
基本结构：There is/ are+ not/ no+名词/名词短语+地点/时间状语。
肯定句：There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。
There are some books on the desk.书桌上有一些书。
There is some milk in the fridge.冰箱里有一些牛奶。
否定句：There isn't a bird in the tree.树上没有一只鸟。
There aren't any books on the desk.书桌上没有一些书。
There is no milk in the fridge.冰箱里没有牛奶。
三、there be句型的疑问句
there be句型变成疑问式时，要把be动词提至there一词前。疑问句中如有some一词，要将其变为any.
一般疑问句只需将be移到there之前。回答用yes或no，后接简略答语。
—Is there a computer in your room —你房间里有电脑吗？
—Yes, there is./ No, there isn't.—是的，有。/不，没有。
—Are there any books in the bag —书包里有书吗？
—Yes, there are./ No, there aren't. —是的，有。/不，没有。
特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成。
What is there in the bottle 瓶子里有什么？
How many trees are there in your garden 你的园子里有多少棵树？
学霸点拨：速记口诀 there be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。单数主语用is，复数主语要用are。变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。变问句，也不难，把be放到there前。
一、单项选择。
( )1. There ________ any water in the fridge.
A. is B. aren't C. isn't
( )2. There ________ some girls in the park.
A. is B. are C. isn't
( )3. ________ there any good news on the newspaper
A. Is B. Are C. Were
( )4. ________ any stars in the sky last night
A. Is it B. Are there C. Were there
考点 ③ there be句型的就近原则
当there be句型中有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词的形式由离它最近的名词的单复数形式决定。第一个名词是单数就用there is，第一个名词是复数就用there are.如：
There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和一些学生。
There are some students and a teacher in our classroom. 我们教室里有一些学生和一位老师。
二、单项选择。
( )1. There ________ some water in the bottle.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
( )2. There ________a pencil and many pens in Tom's schoolbag.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
考点 ④ there be结构和have/ has的区别
there be结构主要表示“人或事物的存在”
它不能表示“所有；拥有”，即“某人(物)有......”。there be中的动词be(is,are)是“存在”的意思。there在这种句型中是引导词，没有实际词义。由there引导的这种结构，主语应放在动词be(is,are)之后，与其在数方面保持一致。其结构如下：There be+名词(主语)+地点状语或时间状语。如：
There are many students in the classroom.
There is a picture on the wall.
There are seven days in a week.
There is a box of apples on the table.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
动词have/has表示“有”时，它通常有四个含义：
(1)表示“某人(在物质上的)所有”。这种情况下不能用there be替换。如：
I have a new watch. 我有一块新表。
He has a good friend, 他有一个好朋友。
(2)表示“某人或动物(在身体上的)长有”。这种情况也不能用there be替换。如：
She has blue eyes.她有蓝色的眼睛。
A horse has two ears. 马有两只耳朵。
(3)表示“某物体(在结构上的)装有”。这种情况可以用there be替换。如：
A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock. 钟上装有一个圆形的钟盘。
That room has two windows.= There are two windows in that room.那个房间装有两扇窗户。
The school has 14 classes.= There are 14 classes in the school.那个学校有14个班级。
(4)另外，表示“某人手中有某物”时，也用have/ has.如：
Mary has a glass of water in her hand.玛丽手中拿着一杯水。
学霸点拨： 表示某人“有”某物用have或has，表示某地“有”某物用there is或there are。因此，there不和have/has连用。
三、单项选择。
( )1. ____ any juice in the bottle
A. Are there B. Is there C. Have
( )2. There ______ a football match this afternoon.
A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have
( )3. There ______ two dogs and a cat in the garden.
A. is B. are C. have
考点集训
一、选择填空。
( )1. There ________ some beef in the kitchen.
A. is B. are C. isn't
( )2. There ________ no tall buildings in my hometown before.
A. was B. were C. weren't
( )3.—________there any computers in your old school
—No, there ________.
A. Was; wasn't B. Were; weren't C. Are; aren't
( )4. There ________ some water in the cup.
A. is B. am C. are
( )5. There ________ some books and a pen on the desk.
A. am B. is C. are
二、根据图片，用there be的正确形式，完成句子。
1. ________________ a fan in front of the window.
2. ________________some desks in the classroom.
3. ________________ a computer on the teacher's desk.
三、按要求改写句子。
1. There is a girl in front of the classroom.(改为复数句)
________________________________________________________
2. There are some trains in the train station.(改为单数句)
________________________________________________________
3. There is a computer room in our school.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
4. There are some mascots in Lisa's room.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
5. There are eight English teachers in our school.(对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
四、连词成句。(注意大小写)
1. are there an sixty hour minutes in(.)
________________________________________________________
2. there is a opposite museum the gym( )
________________________________________________________
3. isn't there water any cup the in(.)
________________________________________________________
4. storybook English books a on is and desk the two there(.)
________________________________________________________
5. many pictures how there are wall the on( )
________________________________________________________
考点集训参考答案
一、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
二、1. There is 2. There are 3. There is
三、1. There are some girls in front of the classroom.
2. There is a train in the train station.
3. Is there a computer room in your school
4. There aren't any mascots in Lisa's room.
5. How many English teachers are there in your school
四、1.There are sixty minutes in an hour.
2.Is there a museum opposite the gym
3.There isn’t any water in the cup.
4.There is a storybook and two English books on the desk.
5.How many pictures are there on the wall

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