资源简介

UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
重点1　练学核心词汇
教材里寻金
1.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship ________ (network) and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
2.Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once ________ (release), the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
3.The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had ________ (random) met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash.
4.This became known as the“Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email ________ (chain) with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
5.She sprang forward a step and ________ (clasp) her hands.
6.Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she ________ (proceed) to cry stormily.
高考这样考
1.I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of mine. Our fast train was ________ (pack) with passengers.(2024·全国甲卷)
2.According to this ________ (theoretical), people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.________ (additional), I visited the desert exhibition.(2023·浙江1月卷)
4.Since we are increasingly using observational data ________ (investigate) how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: “Are they usable ” (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.As far as I’m concerned, it is a ________ (disturb) trend.(2022·全国乙卷)
1.adopt vt. ____________　
vt. & vi. ____________
练基础—单句语法填空
①He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院). There, he __________ (adopt) by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania. (2021·浙江卷)
②Similar methods could ________ (adopt) in other areas.
③He was just an ________ (adopt) child, who made great efforts to adapt ________ his new life.
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
如果我采纳了他的建议,我就能早日实现目标了。
④________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (虚拟语气)
2.apologise vi. ____________
练基础—单句语法填空
①I gathered my courage, and sincerely ________ (apologise) to him for my misconduct.
②Much to my regret, I am unable to pick you up at the airport. And I do wish that you will accept my sincere ________ (apologise).
③A good man ________ (apologise) for the mistakes of the past, but a great man corrects them.
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
④在此因为我的缺席我表示真诚的歉意。(应用文之道歉信)
______________________________________________________________________
⑤我花了几天时间才最终鼓起勇气面对Rochelle并道歉。 (读后续写)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.appeal vi. ____________　n. ____________
练基础—单句语法填空
①When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ________ (appeal).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Experts have appealed to parents ________ (have) strict control over online games that appeal ________ their children.
③The police are making an appeal ________ the public ________ information about the suspect.
④In this sense, nothing is as ________ (appeal) as spending time with the family.
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式,吸引着男男女女。(短文)
⑤Sports have become an important form of entertainment, ____________________________________. (分词短语作状语)
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化
1.They went out in ________ (freeze) conditions to search for his lost goat.
2.________ (addition), the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
3.If you can not have children of your own, why not consider ________(adopt)
4.The large salary made their offer even more ________ (appeal) to him.
5.One of the worst ________ (consequent) of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer.
6.________ (disturb) news came that the epidemic spread quickly.
7.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
8.She buried her face in the pillow and ________ (sob).
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配
　　The students were asked to talk about what left the deepest impression ①________ them. What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently. He once lived near a clinic, a gallery, a grocery, a stadium or a bakery. The reason was that Ben would hang ②________ with other guys every night, which disturbed his neighbors and caused ③________ chain of trouble. His parents had to ④________ (apology) to others and ask for forgiveness. He remembered conflicting ⑤________ his parents about his future career. As a ⑥________ (consequent), Ben left home with a small parcel and has worked as a sociologist ever since.
重点2　短语、句型和单元语法
教材里寻金
1.Then, more films and TV programmes based ________ the concept were made and broadcast.
2.Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is ________ fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.
3.How might you be connected ________ the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels
4.When Marilla had gone, Anne looked ________ her sadly.
5.She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking ________ the candle, went over to the bed.
6.Burst ________ tears she did.
7.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze ________ amazement.
8.We’re not going to send you ________ tonight.
9.The acts appealing ________ children were particularly popular.
高考这样考
1.Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager ________ (try) something new. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected ________ each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.________ fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. (2023·全国甲卷)
4.Known ________ a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. (2023·全国甲卷应用文范文)
5.Based ________ the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. (2024·北京卷)
1.用“hand”和“foot”相关短语补全各句
①The slim lady was __________________ (趴在地上) looking for her wedding ring.
②I approached him, smiled brightly and ____________________ (热情地和他握手).
③He ______________________ (一跃而起) and rushed out of the living room.
④She shook her head and ________________________________ (牢牢地站在原地).
敲黑板 在读后续写中可灵活利用与“foot”和“hand”相关的短语,增加动作细节描写的生动性和画面感。①foot相关短语: rise to one’s feet 站起来; plant one’s feet firmly to the spot 牢牢地站在原地; leap/jump/spring to one’s feet 一跃而起; struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来;②hand相关短语: on one’s hands and knees 手脚着地;趴在地上; shake sb by the hand 握手。
2.hold相关短语和用法
①The old furniture may date back to the Qing Dynasty, so I will hold on ________ it.
②The new drugs hold ________ hope of better health and longer life.
③The traffic ________ (hold) up by a terrible accident for which a drunk driver was to blame.
④Anger flooded through her. The moody girl couldn’t hold it ________.
⑤As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold ________ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
重点3　最提分微写作
应用文写作提分练—电子邮件(人际沟通)
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华,在一场在线辩论赛中结识了新西兰朋友Emma。时隔半年,回忆满满。请你用英语给她写一封邮件,内容包括:1.回忆比赛经历;2.分享个人感受;3.希望保持联系。
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1.时间过得真快!新西兰—中国网络辩论赛已经结束半年了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.每当我回忆起这段经历,美好的回忆就涌入脑海。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.你我都获得了最佳演讲者的称号,这让我更敢于参加各种活动。
Both you and I obtained the title of Best Speaker, ______________________________________________________. (非限制性定语从句)
4.辩论结束后,我们还在论坛上讨论了我们的日常生活,使我们对彼此的国家更加熟悉。
Right after the debate, __________________________________________________________________________________________. (分词短语作结果状语)
5.希望我们保持联系,真诚期待你的中国之行。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(恰当运用过渡衔接词汇)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
即使时间再紧,也要挤时间抄写范文,体会如何衔接语篇的同时练习书写
续写提分小语段—(主题:友情)
根据左栏汉语和黑体部分的提示,利用本单元所复习的词汇和句式补全小语段,并背诵成文。
玛丽为艾米感到悲伤,她不再回避她而是和艾米成了朋友。在学校里,玛丽经常帮助她克服困难。无论她做什么,她总是小心翼翼,不伤害艾米的感情。几个月过去了,玛丽吃惊地发现艾米谦虚且能不拘一格地思考。她很喜欢和艾米着迷地欣赏美术馆里的珍贵的杰作。她们不仅互相摆姿势拍照,而且还共同努力提高自己的摄影技术。 Sadness for Amy filling her heart, Mary never shunned her but made friends with Amy. At school, Mary frequently helped her overcome her difficulties. Whatever she did, she was always careful not to hurt Amy’s feelings. As months passed, Mary in amazement found Amy was ①________________________________________. She also admired ②____________________________________________________ ____________________. Not only did they ③______________________, but they also ④______________________________________________________.
仿写(仿效加曲线句)玛丽为艾米的成功感到高兴,她决定向艾米致以真诚的祝贺。 ⑤______________________________________________________________________
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
重点1　练学核心词汇
教考衔接1 　
教材里寻金
1.networks　2.released　3.randomly
4.chains　5.clasped　6.proceeded
高考这样考
1.packed　2.theory　3.Additionally
4.to investigate　5.disturbing
通热考点 　
1.采用；采取；采纳　领养　①was adopted
②be adopted　③adopted； to　④If I had adopted his advice, I would have achieved my goal earlier.
2.道歉；谢罪　①apologised　②apology　③apologises　④Here I express/convey my sincere/heartfelt apologies for my absence.　⑤It took me a few days before I finally found the courage to face up to Rochelle and apologize.
3.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉　吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求　①appealing　②to have； to　③to； for　④appealing　⑤appealing to both men and women
练易错点 　
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化
1.freezing　分析句子结构可知，设空作定语，修饰conditions，根据句意应填freezing “冰冷的”。
2.Additionally　分析句子结构可知，此处用副词放在句首，修饰整个句子，故填Additionally。
3.adopting　考查固定结构consider doing sth “考虑做某事”，故填adopting。
4.appealing　空格处前后为more和to him，因此确定填appeal的形容词形式。
5.consequences　分析句子结构可知，考查one of+可数名词复数“……之一”，故填consequences。
6.Disturbing　根据句意“令人不安的消息传来……”可知, 用disturbing “令人不安的”。
7.telling　分析句子结构可知，设空在句中作状语，与主句的主语是主动关系，故填telling。
8.sobbed　分析句子结构可知，设空与buried构成并列的谓语动词，故填sobbed。
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配
①on　②out　③a　④apologize/apologise
⑤with　⑥consequence
重点2　短语、句型和单元语法
教考衔接2 　
教材里寻金
1.on　2.in　3.to　4.around　5.up
6.into　7.in　8.off　9.to
高考这样考
1.to try　2.to　3.In　4.as　5.on
通热考点 　
1.①on her hands and knees　②shook him warmly by the hand　③leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet　④planted her feet firmly to the spot
2.①to　②out　③was held　④back
⑤of
重点3　最提分微写作
教考衔接3 　
应用文写作提分练
一、1.How time flies! It has been half a year since the end of the New Zealand & China Online Debate Tournament.
2.Whenever I recall the experience，wonderful memories come to my mind.　3.which made me dare to participate in various activities　4.we also talked about our daily lives on the forum, making us more familiar with each other’s country　5.I do hope that we will keep in touch and sincerely look forward to your visit to China.
二、Dear Emma，
How time flies! It has been half a year since the end of the New Zealand & China Online Debate Tournament. Whenever I recall the experience, wonderful memories come to my mind. Both you and I obtained the title of Best Speaker, which made me dare to participate in various activities. Right after the debate, we also talked about our daily lives on the forum, making us more familiar with each other’s country.
I do hope that we will keep in touch and sincerely look forward to your visit to China.
Best wishes，
Li Hua
续写提分小语段
①modest and could think outside the box　②with Amy those precious masterpieces with fascination in the gallery　③pose for each other　④made joint efforts to polish up their skills of photography　⑤Happiness for Amy’s success filling her heart, Mary decided to offer her sincere congratulations to Amy.(共42张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
重点1 练学核心词汇
教材里寻金
1.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship ____________ (network) and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
2.Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once ________ (release), the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
networks
released
3.The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had ____________ (random) met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash.
4.This became known as the“Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24，163 email ______ (chain) with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
randomly
chains
5.She sprang forward a step and ________ (clasp) her hands.
6.Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she ____________ (proceed) to cry stormily.
clasped
proceeded
高考这样考
1.I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of mine. Our fast train was __________ (pack) with passengers.(2024·全国甲卷)
2.According to this ________ (theoretical), people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
packed
theory
3.______________ (additional), I visited the desert exhibition.(2023·浙江1月卷)
4.Since we are increasingly using observational data _________________ (investigate) how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: “Are they usable ” (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.As far as I’m concerned, it is a ____________ (disturb) trend.(2022·全国乙卷)
Additionally
to investigate
disturbing
1.adopt vt. ____________________　vt. & vi. ____________
练基础—单句语法填空
①He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院). There, he _______________ (adopt) by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania. (2021·浙江卷)
②Similar methods could _____________ (adopt) in other areas.
③He was just an ____________ (adopt) child, who made great efforts to adapt ________ his new life.
采用；采取；采纳
领养
was adopted
be adopted
adopted
to
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
如果我采纳了他的建议，我就能早日实现目标了。
④_________________________________________________________
(虚拟语气)
If I had adopted his advice, I would have achieved my goal earlier.
2.apologise vi. ____________
练基础—单句语法填空
①I gathered my courage, and sincerely ____________ (apologise) to him for my misconduct.
②Much to my regret, I am unable to pick you up at the airport. And I do wish that you will accept my sincere ________ (apologise).
③A good man ____________ (apologise) for the mistakes of the past, but a great man corrects them.
道歉；谢罪
apologised
apology
apologises
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
④在此因为我的缺席我表示真诚的歉意。(应用文之道歉信)
___________________________________________________________
⑤我花了几天时间才最终鼓起勇气面对Rochelle并道歉。 (读后续写)
__________________________________________________________________________________
Here I express/convey my sincere/heartfelt apologies for my absence.
It took me a few days before I finally found the courage to face up to Rochelle and apologize.
3.appeal vi. ____________________________
n. __________________________
练基础—单句语法填空
①When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ___________ (appeal).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Experts have appealed to parents ________ (have) strict control over online games that appeal ________ their children.
有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉
吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求
appealing
to have
to
③The police are making an appeal ______ the public ______ information about the suspect.
④In this sense, nothing is as ___________ (appeal) as spending time with the family.
提写作—试写佳句—背诵
运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。(短文)
⑤Sports have become an important form of entertainment, ____________
____________________. (分词短语作状语)
to
for
appealing
appealing to both men and women
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化
1.They went out in ________ (freeze) conditions to search for his lost goat.
freezing　分析句子结构可知，设空作定语，修饰conditions，根据句意应填freezing “冰冷的”。
答案与解析
2.________ (addition), the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
Additionally　分析句子结构可知，此处用副词放在句首，修饰整个句子，故填Additionally。
答案与解析
3.If you can not have children of your own, why not consider ________(adopt)
adopting　考查固定结构consider doing sth “考虑做某事”，故填adopting。
答案与解析
4.The large salary made their offer even more ________ (appeal) to him.
appealing　空格处前后为more和to him，因此确定填appeal的形容词形式。
答案与解析
5.One of the worst ________ (consequent) of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer.
consequences　分析句子结构可知，考查one of+可数名词复数“……之一”，故填consequences。
答案与解析
6.________ (disturb) news came that the epidemic spread quickly.
Disturbing　根据句意“令人不安的消息传来……”可知, 用disturbing “令人不安的”。
答案与解析
7.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
telling　分析句子结构可知，设空在句中作状语，与主句的主语是主动关系，故填telling。
答案与解析
8.She buried her face in the pillow and ________ (sob).
sobbed　分析句子结构可知，设空与buried构成并列的谓语动词，故填sobbed。
答案与解析
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配
　　The students were asked to talk about what left the deepest impression ①______ them. What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently. He once lived near a clinic, a gallery, a grocery, a stadium or a bakery. The reason was that Ben would hang ②_______ with other guys every night, which disturbed his neighbors and caused ③_____ chain of trouble. His parents had to ④__________________ (apology) to others and ask for forgiveness. He remembered conflicting ⑤_______ his parents about his future career. As a ⑥_____________ (consequent), Ben left home with a small parcel and has worked as a sociologist ever since.
on
out
a
apologize/apologise
with
consequence
重点2 短语、句型和单元语法
教材里寻金
1.Then, more films and TV programmes based ________ the concept were made and broadcast.
2.Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is ________ fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.
on
in
3.How might you be connected ________ the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels
4.When Marilla had gone, Anne looked __________ her sadly.
5.She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking ________ the candle, went over to the bed.
6.Burst ________ tears she did.
to
around
up
into
7.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze ________ amazement.
8.We’re not going to send you ________ tonight.
9.The acts appealing ________ children were particularly popular.
in
off
to
高考这样考
1.Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager ________ (try) something new. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected _______ each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
to try
to
3.________ fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. (2023·全国甲卷)
4.Known ________ a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. (2023·全国甲卷应用文范文)
5.Based ________ the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. (2024·北京卷)
In
as
on
1.用“hand”和“foot”相关短语补全各句
①The slim lady was ____________________ (趴在地上) looking for her wedding ring.
②I approached him, smiled brightly and __________________________ (热情地和他握手).
on her hands and knees
shook him warmly by the hand
③He ___________________________ (一跃而起) and rushed out of the living room.
④She shook her head and ________________________________ (牢牢地站在原地).
leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet
planted her feet firmly to the spot
在读后续写中可灵活利用与“foot”和“hand”相关的短语，增加动作细节描写的生动性和画面感。①foot相关短语: rise to one’s feet 站起来; plant one’s feet firmly to the spot 牢牢地站在原地； leap/jump/spring to one’s feet 一跃而起； struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来；②hand相关短语: on one’s hands and knees 手脚着地；趴在地上； shake sb by the hand 握手。
◆敲黑板
2.hold相关短语和用法
①The old furniture may date back to the Qing Dynasty, so I will hold on ________ it.
②The new drugs hold ________ hope of better health and longer life.
③The traffic ____________ (hold) up by a terrible accident for which a drunk driver was to blame.
④Anger flooded through her. The moody girl couldn’t hold it ________.
⑤As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold ________ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
to
out
was held
back
of
重点3 最提分微写作
应用文写作提分练—电子邮件(人际沟通)
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，在一场在线辩论赛中结识了新西兰朋友Emma。时隔半年，回忆满满。请你用英语给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1.回忆比赛经历；2.分享个人感受；3.希望保持联系。
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1.时间过得真快!新西兰—中国网络辩论赛已经结束半年了。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.每当我回忆起这段经历，美好的回忆就涌入脑海。
______________________________________________________________________
How time flies! It has been half a year since the end of the New Zealand & China Online Debate Tournament.
Whenever I recall the experience，wonderful memories come to my mind.
3.你我都获得了最佳演讲者的称号，这让我更敢于参加各种活动。
Both you and I obtained the title of Best Speaker, ___________________
_______________________________. (非限制性定语从句)
4.辩论结束后，我们还在论坛上讨论了我们的日常生活，使我们对彼此的国家更加熟悉。
Right after the debate, _________________________________________
___________________________________________________. (分词短语作结果状语)
which made me dare to participate in various activities
we also talked about our daily lives on the forum, making us more familiar with each other’s country
5.希望我们保持联系，真诚期待你的中国之行。
_______________________________________________________________________________
I do hope that we will keep in touch and sincerely look forward to your visit to China.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(恰当运用过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Emma，
How time flies! It has been half a year since the end of the New Zealand & China Online Debate Tournament. Whenever I recall the experience, wonderful memories come to my mind. Both you and I obtained the title of Best Speaker, which made me dare to participate in
范文
various activities. Right after the debate, we also talked about our daily lives on the forum, making us more familiar with each other’s country.
I do hope that we will keep in touch and sincerely look forward to your visit to China.
Best wishes，
Li Hua
范文
续写提分小语段—(主题：友情)
根据左栏汉语和黑体部分的提示，利用本单元所复习的词汇和句式补全小语段，并背诵成文。
玛丽为艾米感到悲伤，她不再回避她而是和艾米成了朋友。在学校里,玛丽经常帮助她克服困难。无论她做什么，她总是小心翼翼，不伤害艾米的感情。几个月过去了，玛丽吃惊地发现艾米谦虚且能不拘一格地思考。她很喜欢和艾米着迷地欣赏美术馆里的珍贵的杰作。她们不仅互相摆姿势拍照，而且还共同努力提高自己的摄影技术。
Sadness for Amy filling her heart, Mary never shunned her but made friends with Amy. At school, Mary frequently helped her overcome her difficulties. Whatever she did, she was always careful not to hurt Amy’s feelings. As months passed, Mary in amazement found Amy was ①______
_____________________________. She also admired ②______________
_____________________________________________. Not only did they ③___________________, but they also ④__________________________
____________________________.
modest and could think outside the box
with Amy those precious masterpieces with fascination in the gallery
pose for each other
made joint efforts to polish up their skills of photography
仿写(仿效加曲线句)玛丽为艾米的成功感到高兴，她决定向艾米致以真诚的祝贺。
⑤_________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Happiness for Amy’s success filling her heart, Mary decided to offer her sincere congratulations to Amy.

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