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Unit 3 Same or Different 语境学单词
Section A
单词及音标 词性及中文意思 核心考点 语境学用法
compare/k m pe (r)/ v. 比较；对比 compare...with...（与……比较）compare...to...（把……比作……） 老师让我们比较这两篇文章的异同。 The teacher asks us to compare the two articles. 诗人把孩子的眼睛比作星星。 The poet compares children’s eyes to stars.
shy/ a / adj. 害羞的 be shy of doing sth.（做某事害羞） 反义词：outgoing（外向的） 她在陌生人面前总是很害羞。 She is always shy in front of strangers. 别害羞，大胆说出你的想法！ Don’t be shy—speak out your ideas!
lazy/ le zi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 比较级：lazier；最高级：laziest be lazy about sth.（对某事偷懒） 他懒得连书都不想读。 He is too lazy to read books. 猫咪在沙发上懒洋洋地晒太阳。 The cat is lying lazy in the sun on the sofa.
loud/la d/ adv. 响亮地adj. 大声的 副词修饰动词，形容词修饰名词 近义词：noisy（吵闹的） 她大声朗读课文，声音清晰。 She reads the text aloud (loudly). 公共场所不要大声喧哗。 Don’t make loud noises in public places.
outgoing/ a tɡ / adj. 外向的 反义词：shy（害羞的） an outgoing girl（一个外向的女孩） 我的同桌很外向，朋友很多。 My deskmate is outgoing and has many friends. 外向的人更容易适应新环境。 Outgoing people adapt to new environments more easily.
hard-working/ hɑ d w k / adj. 勤奋的 反义词：lazy（懒惰的） 他每天学习到深夜，非常勤奋。 He studies late into the night and is very hard-working. 勤奋的学生更容易取得好成绩。 Hard-working students are more likely to get good grades.
perform/p f m/ v. 表演；执行 perform a task（执行任务）perform on stage（登台表演） 乐队在晚会上表演了一首流行歌曲。 The band performed a pop song at the party. 机器人能精准执行复杂的指令。 Robots can perform complex instructions accurately.
solve/s lv/ v. 解决；解答 名词：solution（解决方案） solve a problem（解决问题） 我们需要找到办法解决这个难题。 We need to find ways to solve this difficult problem. 数学老师教会我们用公式解答应用题。 The math teacher teaches us to solve word problems with formulas.
flute/flu t/ n. 长笛 乐器类名词，前加定冠词the play the flute（吹长笛） 她从小学习长笛，现在已经八级了。 She has learned to play the flute since childhood and is now at grade 8. 长笛的声音清脆悦耳，深受大家喜爱。 The clear and sweet sound of the flute is loved by many.
congratulation/k n ɡr t u le n/ n. 祝贺；恭喜 常用复数形式congratulations 核心句型：Congratulations (on ...)! 恭喜你在比赛中获得冠军！ Congratulations on winning the championship in the competition! 我们向她送去了诚挚的祝贺。 We sent her sincere congratulations.
prize/pra z/ n. 奖；奖励 win a prize（获奖） prize money（奖金） 他凭借优秀的作品获得了一等奖。 He won the first prize with his excellent work. 这个奖项是对他努力的肯定。 This prize is an affirmation of his efforts.
attend/ tend/ v. 参加；出席 近义词：take part in（参加活动）attend school（上学） 我们全班同学都参加了毕业典礼。 All my classmates attended the graduation ceremony. 他因生病未能出席昨天的会议。 He failed to attend yesterday’s meeting due to illness.
as...as... 像……一样 同级比较结构，中间用形容词/副词原级否定形式：not as...as...（不如……） 她和她姐姐一样高。 She is as tall as her sister. 这个问题不如那个问题难。 This problem is not as difficult as that one.
besides/b sa dz/ prep. 除……外（还）adv. 而且 区别：besides（除……外还有）vs. except（除……外没有）adv. 用于补充说明 除了英语，她还会说法语。 Besides English, she can also speak French. 今天天气很好，而且我们没有课。 The weather is fine today, besides, we have no classes.
spare/spe (r)/ adj. 空闲的；备用的v. 抽出；拨出 spare time（空闲时间） spare no effort（不遗余力） 他在空闲时间喜欢阅读和画画。 He likes reading and painting in his spare time. 请抽出几分钟时间填写这份问卷。 Please spare a few minutes to fill out this questionnaire.
pleasure/ ple (r)/ n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 常用句型：It’s a pleasure to do sth.（做某事是荣幸） 派生词：pleasant（adj. 宜人的） 能帮助你是我的荣幸。 It’s a pleasure to help you. 旅行带给我们很多快乐和美好的回忆。Travel brings us a lot of pleasure and good memories.
have sth in common 有共同之处 固定短语，后接名词/代词 反义词：have nothing in common（无共同之处） 尽管他们年龄不同，却有很多共同爱好。 Although they are of different ages, they have a lot in common. 这两部电影在主题上有共同之处。 The two movies have something in common in theme.
appearance/ p r ns/ n. 外表；露面 judge by appearance（以貌取人） 她的外表看起来很严肃，但内心很热情。 Her appearance looks serious, but she is warm-hearted inside. 他的突然露面让所有人都很惊讶。 His sudden appearance surprised everyone.
personality/ p s n l ti/ n. 性格；品质 形容词：personal（个人的） a strong personality（个性鲜明） 她的性格开朗，总是充满活力。 She has a cheerful personality and is always full of energy. 性格相似的人更容易成为朋友。 People with similar personalities are more likely to become friends.
serious/ s ri s/ adj. 严肃的；严重的 比较级：more serious； 最高级：most serious be serious about（认真对待） 老师严肃地告诉我们要遵守规则。 The teacher seriously told us to follow the rules. 环境污染是一个严重的全球性问题。 Environmental pollution is a serious global problem.
strength/stre θ/ n. 优势；力量 反义词：weakness（弱点）strengths and weaknesses（优缺点） 团队合作是我们最大的优势。 Teamwork is our greatest strength. 每个人都有自己的优点和不足。 Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses.
fact/f kt/ n. 事实；现实 in fact（事实上） 事实上，他并没有真正理解这个问题。 In fact, he didn’t really understand the problem. 我们应该根据事实做出判断。 We should make judgments based on facts.
slim/sl m/ adj. 苗条的；薄的 比较级：slimmer； 最高级：slimmest 近义词：thin（瘦的） 她通过锻炼和健康饮食保持苗条身材。 She keeps a slim figure through exercise and a healthy diet. 这本字典很薄，方便携带。 This dictionary is slim and easy to carry.
population/ p pju le n/ n. 人口 核心用法：the population of...（……的人口） 提问用what，不用how many 中国的人口约为14亿。 The population of China is about 1.4 billion. 这个城市的人口在过去十年增长了20%。 The city’s population has increased by 20% in the past decade.
km/ k l mi t r/ n. 千米；公里 全称：kilometre/kilometer 5 km away（5公里远） 学校离我家大约3公里。 The school is about 3 km away from my home. 马拉松比赛全长约42.195公里。 The marathon is about 42.195 kilometres long.
average/ v r d / adj. 平均的；平常的 on average（平均而言） average score（平均分） 这里的平均气温在20摄氏度左右。 The average temperature here is about 20 degrees Celsius. 他的平均分在班级里名列前茅。 His average score is among the top in the class.
rainfall/ re nf l/ n. 降雨量 不可数名词，常与high/low搭配搭配：annual rainfall（年降雨量） 南方的降雨量通常比北方多。 The rainfall in the south is usually higher than that in the north. 今年的降雨量不足，导致农作物减产。 This year’s low rainfall has led to a reduction in crop yields.
per /p (r)/ prep. 每 表示“每……”，后接单数名词 搭配：per day（每天）/per person（每人） 这个项目每人需要提交一份报告。 Each person needs to submit a report per project. 汽车限速为每小时60公里。 The speed limit is 60 km per hour.
mm/ m l mi t r/ n. 毫米 全称：millimetre/millimeter常用作单位：10 mm=1 cm 这张纸的厚度约为0.1毫米。 The thickness of this paper is about 0.1 millimeters. 降雨量以毫米为单位测量。 Rainfall is measured in millimeters.
pleasant/ pleznt/ adj. 宜人的；友好的 近义词：pleasing（令人愉快的）pleasant weather（宜人的天气） 春天的天气温暖宜人，适合出游。 The weather in spring is warm and pleasant, suitable for outings. 她总是带着友好的微笑，让人感觉很亲切。 She always wears a pleasant smile, making people feel warm.
Section B
单词及音标 词性及中文意思 核心考点 语境学用法
alike/ la k/ adj. 相像的adv. 相似地 形容词作表语，不用作定语look alike（看起来相像） 这对双胞胎姐妹长得非常相像。 The twin sisters look very alike. 他们的想法相似，很快达成了共识。 Their ideas are alike, and they reached a consensus quickly.
mirror/ m r (r)/ n. 镜子 look in the mirror（照镜子） 她对着镜子整理头发。 She tidies her hair in front of the mirror.生活就像一面镜子，你对它微笑，它也会对你微笑。 Life is like a mirror; smile at it, and it will smile back.
interest/ ntr st/ n. 业余爱好；兴趣v. 使感兴趣 show interest in（对……表现出兴趣） 派生词：interested（adj. 感兴趣的） 他对科学有着浓厚的兴趣。 He has a strong interest in science. 这个故事的情节很有趣，吸引了很多读者。 The plot of the story interests many readers.
novel/ n vl/ n. 小说 近义词：fiction（虚构小说）read a novel（读小说） 她最喜欢的小说是《傲慢与偏见》。 Her favorite novel is Pride and Prejudice. 这部小说以19世纪的英国为背景。 This novel is set in 19th-century England.
difference/ d fr ns/ n. 差异 形容词：different（不同的）make a difference（有影响） 城乡之间的差异正在逐渐缩小。 The difference between urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing. 一点点的努力也能带来很大的不同。 A little effort can make a big difference.
sense/sens/ n. 理解力；感觉 sense of humor（幽默感）sense of responsibility（责任感） 他的幽默感让课堂充满欢乐。 His sense of humor fills the classroom with joy. 我们应该培养自己的环保意识。 We should develop our sense of environmental protection.
humour/ hju m (r)/ n. 幽默；幽默感 美式拼写：humor have a sense of humour（有幽默感） 她的演讲充满幽默，深受听众喜爱。 Her speech is full of humour and loved by the audience. 幽默是缓解压力的好方法。 Humour is a good way to relieve stress.
thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 后接名词/动名词，表原因 近义词：because of（因为） 多亏了老师的帮助，我通过了考试。 Thanks to the teacher’s help, I passed the exam. 由于天气恶劣，比赛不得不推迟。 Thanks to the bad weather, the game had to be postponed.
less/les/ adj. 较少的；更少的adv. 较少地；更少地 比较级：less（更少）vs. more（更多）less than（少于） 她每天花更少的时间玩游戏，更多时间学习。 She spends less time playing games and more time studying every day. 这个盒子里的糖果比那个盒子里的少。 There are less candies in this box than in that one.
straightforward/ stre t f w d/ adj. 坦率的；简单的 近义词：direct（直接的） 反义词：complicated（复杂的） 他是个坦率的人，总是直言不讳。 He is a straightforward person and always speaks his mind. 这个问题的解决方法简单直接。 The solution to this problem is straightforward.
opinion/ p nj n/ n. 看法；意见 in one’s opinion（在某人看来）近义词：view（观点） 在我看来，阅读是最好的学习方式。 In my opinion, reading is the best way to learn. 我们应该尊重每个人的意见。 We should respect everyone’s opinion.
make a mistake 犯错误 复数形式：make mistakes correct a mistake（纠正错误） 每个人都会犯错，重要的是学会改正。 Everyone makes mistakes, and the key is to learn to correct them. 他在计算中犯了一个低级错误。 He made a simple mistake in the calculation.
honest/ n st/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 反义词：dishonest（不诚实的） be honest with sb.（对某人坦诚） 我们应该诚实对待自己的错误。 We should be honest about our mistakes. 他是一个诚实可靠的朋友。 He is an honest and reliable friend.
direct/d rekt; da rekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的 副词：directly（直接地） direct speech（直接引语） 她说话很直接，从不拐弯抹角。 She speaks directly and never beats around the bush. 这是通往机场的直达列车。 This is a direct train to the airport.
similarity/ s m l r ti/ n. 相似之处 复数：similarities反义词：difference（差异） 这两个地区在文化上有很多相似之处。 There are many similarities in culture between the two regions. 尽管语言不同，人类的情感有很多相似点。 Despite different languages, human emotions have many similarities.
friendship/ frend p/ n. 友谊；友情 不可数名词，可加不定冠词表“一段友谊” build friendship（建立友谊） 他们的友谊已经持续了二十年。 Their friendship has lasted for twenty years. 共同的爱好是建立友谊的基础。 Shared hobbies are the foundation of building friendship.
metre/ mi t r/ n. 米 美式拼写：meter 100 metres（100米） 游泳池的深度是2米。 The depth of the swimming pool is 2 metres. 他在100米赛跑中打破了学校纪录。 He broke the school record in the 100-metre race.
prince/pr ns/ n. 王子 对应词：princess（公主） prince charming（白马王子） 童话故事里的王子总是勇敢而善良。 The prince in fairy tales is always brave and kind. 他梦想成为一名拯救世界的王子。 He dreams of being a prince who saves the world.
character/ k r kt (r)/ n. 人物；个性 常见搭配：main character（主角） 派生词：characteristic（n. 特征） 这部小说的人物形象非常鲜明。 The characters in this novel are very vivid. 他的个性坚韧，面对困难从不退缩。 His character is tough, and he never shrinks from difficulties.
pauper/ p p (r)/ n. 贫民；乞丐 反义词：prince（王子） prince and pauper（王子与贫儿） 故事讲述了一个王子和贫儿互换身份的经历。 The story tells of a prince and a pauper who swap identities. 即使身为贫民，他依然保持乐观的心态。 Even as a pauper, he still keeps an optimistic attitude.
exchange/ ks t e nd / v.&n. 交换 exchange student（交换生）exchange ideas（交换想法） 我们在班会课上交换了学习经验。 We exchanged learning experiences in the class meeting. 他作为交换生去美国学习了一年。 He studied in the US as an exchange student for a year.
accident/ ks d nt/ n. 意外；（交通）事故 by accident（偶然） traffic accident（交通事故） 昨天的交通事故导致两人受伤。 Yesterday’s traffic accident caused two people to be injured. 我偶然在书店遇到了多年未见的朋友。 I met a friend I hadn’t seen for years by accident in the bookstore.
expect / k spekt/ v. 预料；期待 expect to do sth.（期待做某事） expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事） 我们期待着暑假的到来。 We are expecting the arrival of the summer vacation. 父母期望我考上理想的高中。 My parents expect me to enter my ideal high school.
silver / s lv (r)/ adj. 银色的n. 银 silver lining（一线光明） silver medal（银牌） 月亮在夜空中闪烁着银色的光芒。 The moon shines with a silver light in the night sky. 即使在困境中，也要看到一线希望。 Even in difficulties, look for a silver lining.
situation / s t u e n/ n. 情况；状况 in a difficult situation（处于困境） 近义词：condition（状况） 我们需要根据实际情况制定计划。 We need to make plans according to the actual situation. 面对紧急情况，保持冷静是关键。 Staying calm is key when facing an emergency situation.
care about 关心；担心 后接名词/动名词 近义词：be concerned about（关心） 父母总是关心我们的健康和学习。 Parents always care about our health and study. 他从不关心别人的看法，只做自己认为对的事。 He never cares about others’ opinions and only does what he thinks is right.
reach /ri t / v. 伸手；达到 reach for（伸手触碰） reach a goal（达成目标） 他伸手去拿书架上的书。 He reached for the book on the bookshelf. 我们的目标是在月底前完成项目。 Our goal is to reach the completion of the project by the end of the month.
touch /t t / v. 触动；触碰 感官动词：touch + 形容词（摸起来……） 她的故事深深触动了在场的每一个人。 Her story touched everyone present deeply. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。 This fabric touches soft.
lend (sb) a hand 帮助（某人） 同义短语：give (sb) a hand lend a hand with sth.（帮忙做某事） 当朋友遇到困难时，我们应该伸出援手。 We should lend a hand when friends are in trouble. 请帮我搬一下这个箱子，它太重了。 Please lend me a hand with this box—it’s too heavy.

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