Unit 3 Same or Different 同步词汇笔记人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit 3 Same or Different 同步词汇笔记人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit 3 Same or Different 同步词汇笔记
1. compare /k m'pe (r)/ v. 比较;对比
compare A with B 将A与B比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
2. shy / a / adj. 害羞的
比较级 shyer/shier,最高级 shyest/shiest。
She is too shy to speak in front of others.她害羞得不敢在别人面前说话。
shyness n. 害羞
3. lazy /'le zi/ adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的
反义词 hard-working勤奋的
比较级 lazier,最高级 laziest。
Don’t be lazy—finish your homework first!别偷懒,先完成作业!
4. loud /la d/ adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的
形容词:a loud voice大声的嗓音
副词:speak loud大声说话
loudly adv.大声地
aloud adv. 出声地;大声地
5. outgoing /'a tɡ / adj. 外向的
反义词 shy害羞的
an outgoing girl 一个外向的小女孩
My sister is outgoing and has many friends.我妹妹性格外向,有很多朋友。
6. hard-working /'hɑ d w k / adj. 勤奋的
= hardworking反义词 lazy 懒的
He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades.他是个勤奋的学生,成绩总是很好。
7. perform /p 'f m/ v. 表演;执行
“表演”:perform a play演话剧,perform magic变魔术
“执行”:perform a task执行任务
performance n. 表演
performer n. 表演者
8. solve /s lv/ v. 解决;解答
solve a problem解决问题
solve a math question解答数学题
9. flute /flu t/ n. 长笛
play the flute吹长笛
She learned to play the flute at the age of 10.她10岁开始学吹长笛。
10. congratulation /k n ɡr t u'le n/ n. 祝贺
Congratulations on sth 祝贺某事Congratulations on your success!祝贺你成功!
Congratulations! 恭喜!
11. prize /pra z/ n. 奖;奖励
win a prize获奖
first prize一等奖
She won the first prize in the singing competition.她在歌唱比赛中获一等奖。
12. attend / 'tend/ v. 参加;出席
attend school上学
attend a meeting参加会议
attend a party参加派对
He didn’t attend class yesterday because he was sick. 他昨天生病没上课。
及物动词,直接接宾语,不接介词如 attend the event√,attend to the event×
13. as...as... 像……一样
中间加形容词/副词原级,表示同级比较:
肯定句:as + 原级 + as:She is as tall as her mother.她和妈妈一样高。
否定句:not as/so + 原级 + as:This book is not as interesting as that one.这本书不如那本有趣。
14. besides /b 'sa dz/ prep. 除……外还 adv. 而且
介词Besides English, she also learns French.除英语外,她还学法语。
副词=what’s more:I don’t want to go; besides, it’s too late.我不想去,而且太晚了。
besides包括在内vs. except排除在外
Besides Tom, we all went.包括汤姆,我们都去了。
Except Tom, we all went.除了汤姆,我们都去了。
15. spare /spe (r)/ adj. 空闲的 v. 抽出
形容词:spare time空闲时间spare room备用房间
动词:spare time to do sth抽出时间做某事
16. pleasure /'ple (r)/ un. 乐事;愉快
with pleasure乐意地I’ll help you with pleasure.我乐意帮你。
my pleasure不用谢—Thank you! —My pleasure.——谢谢!——不客气。
pleasant adj. 令人愉快的
Pleased adj. 感到高兴的
17. have sth in common 有共同之处
后接“共同的事物”,如兴趣、爱好:Tom and I have many hobbies in common.汤姆和我有很多共同爱好。
18. appearance / 'p r ns/ n. 外表;露面
“外表”可数/不可数Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。
“露面”可数:make an appearance公开露面
appear v. 出现;显得
反义词 disappearance n. 消失
19. personality / p s 'n l ti/ n. 性格;品质
复数 personalities
She has a warm and friendly personality.她性格热情友好。
strong personality个性强
personality test性格测试
20. serious /'s ri s/ adj. 严肃的;严重的
“严肃的”:a serious teacher严肃的老师
“严重的”:a serious problem严重的问题
be serious about sth 严肃对待某物
seriously adv. 严肃地;严重地
seriousness n. 严肃
21. strength /stre θ/ n. 优势;力量
“优势”可数His strength is speaking English.他的优势是说英语。
“力量”不可数the strength of the team团队的力量
strengthen v. 加强
反义词 weakness n. 弱点
22. fact /f kt/ n. 事实;现实
in fact事实上
as a matter of fact事实上
23. slim /sl m/ adj. 苗条的;薄的
比较级 slimmer,最高级 slimmest。
She keeps exercising to stay slim.她坚持锻炼保持苗条。
24. population / p pju'le n/ n. 人口
作整体时动词用单数:The population of China is large.中国人口众多。
提问用 what:What is the population of this city 这个城市的人口是多少?
不能用 many/much 修饰,可用 large/small如 a large population。
25. km (=kilometre/kilometer) 千米;公里
The school is 2 km away from my home.学校离我家2公里。
km per hour每小时千米,即 km/h
average /' v r d / adj. 平均的;平常的
“平均的”:average temperature平均温度,an average of 10 students平均10名学生
“平常的”:an average student普通学生
The average age of the class is 13.这个班的平均年龄是13岁。
27. rainfall /'re nf l/ un. 降雨量
The annual rainfall in this area is about 800 mm.该地区年降雨量约800毫米。
rain雨+ fall下落→ 降雨量。
28. per /p (r)/ prep. 每
表示“每单位时间/数量”,如 per day每天,per kilogram每千克。
The car travels at 60 km per hour.汽车时速60公里。
后接单数名词,不接复数如 per student√,per students×。
29. mm (=millimetre/millimeter) 毫米
The thickness of the paper is only 0.1 mm.这张纸的厚度只有0.1毫米。
30. pleasant /'pleznt/ adj. 宜人的;友好的
,近义词 nice, enjoyable
We had a pleasant time at the party.我们在派对上玩得很开心。
pleasant事物vs. pleased人感到高兴的:I’m pleased with the result.我对结果满意。
31. alike / 'la k/ adj. 相像的 adv. 相似地
形容词作表语,不修饰名词The twins look alike.双胞胎长得像。
副词:They think alike.他们想法相似。
不能说 an alike person,要说 people alike相像的人。
32. mirror /'m r (r)/ n. 镜子
look in the mirror照镜子
She looked at herself in the mirror and smiled.她照镜子笑了笑。
33. interest /' ntr st/ n. 兴趣 v. 使感兴趣
名词可数/不可数:interest in sth对某事的兴趣,hobbies and interests兴趣爱好
动词:interest sb使某人感兴趣:The story interests me.这个故事让我感兴趣。
interesting adj. 有趣的,interested adj. 感兴趣的。
34. novel /'n vl/ n. 小说
近义词 fiction虚构文学,反义词 non-fiction非虚构作品。
I’m reading a novel about space travel.我在读一本关于太空旅行的小说。
novel长篇vs. short story短篇小说。
35. difference /'d fr ns/ n. 差异
可数:There are many differences between the two cities.两座城市有很多差异。
不可数:the difference in height高度差异
differ v. 不同,形容词 different adj. 不同的。
36. sense /sens/ n. 理解力;感觉
sense of humor幽默感
sense of direction方向感
make sense有意义
37. humour (=humor) n. 幽默;幽默感
a sense of humour幽默感
His speech was full of humour and made everyone laugh.他的演讲充满幽默,大家都笑了。
humorous adj. 幽默的。
38. thanks to 归功于;由于
后接名词/代词,表原因,相当于 because of。
Thanks to your help, we finished the work on time.多亏你的帮助,我们按时完成了工作。
重点短语,后接感谢的对象,不能接句子如 thanks to you√,thanks to you helped us×。
39. less /les/ adj. 较少的 adv. 更少地
形容词修饰不可数名词:less time更少时间,less money更少钱
副词:work less工作更少
比较级:less原级 little,最高级 least,反义词 more。
less不可数vs. fewer可数:fewer students更少学生。
40. straightforward / stre t'f w d/ adj. 坦率的;简单的
近义词 direct/simple。
He gave a straightforward answer to the question.他直接回答了问题。
straight直的+ forward向前→ 直截了当的。
41. opinion / 'p nj n/ n. 看法;意见
in one’s opinion在某人看来
give an opinion发表意见。
In my opinion, we should study hard every day.在我看来,我们应该每天努力学习。
42. make a mistake 犯错误
make mistakes in sth 在某方面犯错I made a mistake in the math exam.我数学考试犯了个错误。
It’s normal to make mistakes when learning a new language.学新语言时犯错很正常。
43. honest /' n st/ adj. 坦诚的;诚实的
an honest boy一个诚实的男孩。
Be honest with yourself—do you really want to do this 对自己坦诚,你真的想做吗?
honestly adv. 诚实地,honesty n. 诚实,反义词 dishonest adj. 不诚实的
44. direct /d 'rekt/ adj. 率直的;直接的
“率直的”:a direct person直率的人
“直接的”:a direct flight直飞航班,direct answer直接回答
He is very direct and always says what he thinks.他很直率,想到什么说什么。
directly adv. 直接地,direction n. 方向。
45. similarity / s m 'l r ti/ n. 相似之处
复数 similarities
Similar adj. 相似的,搭配 be similar to与……相似。
46. friendship /'frend p/ n. 友谊;友情
build friendship建立友谊。
Their friendship has lasted for more than ten years.他们的友谊持续了十多年。
friend朋友+ ship表关系→ friendship友谊。
47. metre (=meter) n. 米
长度单位,缩写 m,复数 metres/meters加 s,如 5 metres5米。
The table is two metres long.桌子长两米。
48. prince /pr ns/ n. 王子
对应词 princess公主
prince charming 白马王子。
In the story, the prince saved the princess from the dragon.故事中,王子从龙手中救出了公主。
49. character /'k r kt (r)/ n. 人物;个性
“人物”:a main character主角,characters in a novel小说中的人物
“个性”:a strong character坚强的性格
I like the character of the hero in this movie.我喜欢这部电影中英雄的角色。
50. pauper /'p p (r)/ n. 贫民;乞丐
反义词 millionaire百万富翁。
The story is about a pauper who becomes rich overnight.故事讲一个贫民一夜暴富。
51. exchange / ks't e nd / v.&n. 交换
exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物
an exchange of ideas思想交流
exchange student交换生
52. accident /' ks d nt/ n. 意外;事故
traffic accident交通事故
by accident偶然。
53. by accident 偶然;意外地
=by chance
I met an old friend by accident on the street.我在街上偶然遇见一位老朋友。
54. expect / k'spekt/ v. 预料;期待
expect to do sth期待做某事:I expect to pass the exam.我期待通过考试。
expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事:My parents expect me to be a doctor.父母期望我当医生。
55. silver /'s lv (r)/ adj. 银色的 n. 银
形容词:a silver car银色的汽车,silver hair银发
silver lining一线光明:Every cloud has a silver lining.黑暗中总有一线光明。
56. situation / s t u'e n/ n. 情况;状况
emergency situation紧急情况。
We need to find a way to improve the situation.我们需要找到改善现状的方法。
in a difficult situation处于困境中
deal with the situation处理情况
57. care about 关心;担心
She cares about her friends’ feelings very much.她很在意朋友的感受。
care for照顾,喜欢
58. reach /ri t / v. 伸手;达到
“伸手”:reach for sth伸手去够:He reached for the book on the shelf.他伸手够书架上的书。
“达到”:reach a city到达城市,reach a goal达到目标
及物动词,直接接宾语如 reach Beijing√,reach to Beijing×。
59. touch /t t / v. 触动;触碰
“触碰”:Don’t touch the machine—it’s dangerous.别碰机器,危险。
“触动”:The story touched my heart.这个故事触动了我的心。
touch n. 接触;触感:a light touch轻轻一碰。
60. lend (sb) a hand 帮助某人
= help sb,后接 to do sth / with sth:Can you lend me a hand with the heavy box 能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?
= give sb a hand。
中考高频短语总结
短语 含义 例句
as...as... 像……一样 She is as smart as her brother.
besides 除……外还 Besides math, he likes science.
spare time 空闲时间 I often draw in my spare time.
have sth in common 有共同之处 We have the same hobby in common.
thanks to 由于 Thanks to your advice, I succeeded.
make a mistake 犯错误 I made a mistake in spelling.
care about 关心 He doesn’t care about what others think.
lend a hand 帮助 Please lend a hand—this is too heavy.

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