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(共30张PPT)
第二部分　
语法考点突破
句 法 篇
第2讲　名词性从句
语法精讲
考点一　主语从句
1．主语从句引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that that 无意义， 在句子中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略 That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world．
That the earth is round is a fact．
引导词 用法 例句
whether，if 意为“是否”，不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用。句首的主语从句只能用whether引导 Whether they will get married is not decided yet．
Whether he likes this present is unclear．
引导词 用法 例句
连接代词 what，who， whose， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，有意义且不可省略 What she did is not yet known．
Who will go to the concert is not known．
Which book they will choose is not clear．
Whoever comes is welcome．
Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize．
引导词 用法 例句
连接副词 when， where， why， how 引导主语从句时，连接词在从句中充当状语，有意义且不可省略 When we arrive doesn't matter．
Where the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided．
Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery．
How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is．
2．用it作形式主语的主语从句
语法规则 例句
It ＋ be＋ 形容词(obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain，etc．)＋that从句 It is true that English is becoming an international language．
It is necessary that you (should) master some computer skills．
语法规则 例句
It ＋ be＋名词短语(no wonder，an honor，a pity，a good thing，no surprise，a fact，a shame，etc．)＋ that从句 It is a great pity that you missed the film．
It is no wonder that you are so tired．
It ＋ be＋ 过去分词 (said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，suggested，etc．) ＋that从句 It's said that Mr Green has arrived in London．
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off．
语法规则 例句
It＋动词/动词短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，occur to等)＋从句 It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store．
考点二　宾语从句
1．宾语从句引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that that引导的宾语从句，that可省略。但一个句子当中有多个并列的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略 He said (that) we were too young to understand the matter and that we should turn to our professor．
2．用it作形式宾语的宾语从句
语法规则 例句
(1)动词(find/feel/think/ consider/make)＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy)＋it＋从句 (3)动词短语(see to/depend on/rely on)＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb． that＋从句 We have made it clear that a foreign language is a useful weapon in the struggle of life．
Don't depend on it that you can travel around the world if you don't work hard．
考点三　表语从句
1．表语从句连接词
语法规则 例句
从属连词that，whether只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语 Without his support，we wouldn't be where we are now．
By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
2．其他连接词引导的表语从句
语法规则 例句
This is because... (强调原因)这是因为…… This is why... (强调结果)这就是……的原因。 This is how...这就是……的方法。 The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… The reason why we plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air．
考点四　同位语从句
1．that与whether引导的同位语从句
语法规则 例句
that引导同位语从句，只起引导词作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略 We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match．
whether引导的同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能省略，不能用if替换 They had the question whether he could pass the final exam．
2．连接代词和连接副词引导的同位语从句
语法规则 例句
连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose引导同位语从句时在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 I have no idea who will be in charge of our group．
连接副词 when，where，how，why引导同位语从句时在句中充当状语 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem．
考点五　重难点突破
1．what引导的名词性从句
语法规则 例句
what引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句，同时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams．
2．只能用whether不能用if的情况
语法规则 例句
①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句 I'm interested in whether he likes English．
Let me know whether or not he has passed the exam．
I really don't know whether to accept or refuse．
3．wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别
what意为“什么”，带有疑问的意思，意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思；who意为“谁”，带有疑问的意思；which意为“哪一个”，带有疑问的意思 Do you know who broke the window？
whatever，whoever，whichever分别意为“……的一切事或东西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 Whoever broke the window will be punished．
达标演练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed．
2．What puzzles Lily's friends is _____ she always has so many crazy ideas．
whether/if
why
3．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown．
4．What students do at college seems to matter much more than _______ they go．
5．It is calculated ______ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure．
what
where
that
6．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about _____ frequently each of you wants to be contacted and ______ method works best for you both．
7．He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing．That was _____ none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team．
8．______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes．
how
what
why
What
9．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about _______ she lived．
10．The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said．
where
what
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．然而，在我看来，学生最受益的是阅读英语书籍，因为它可以帮助学生对英语有更深的理解。
However，from my point of view，_____________________________ is reading English books，for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English．
what benefits students most
2．非常重要的是，我们个人应该提高我们的环境保护意识，减少我们的碳足迹。
_____________________________________ we individuals should raise our awareness of environmental protection，reducing our carbon footprint．
3．没有人能否认海洋污染正变得越来越严重这一事实。
No one can deny the fact ______________________________________ __________________．
What is of great importance is that
that ocean pollution is becoming more and
more serious
4．很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。
I'm sorry that I can't go out with you as planned．______________ _______________________________________ the other day and I must look after him．
5．我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的益处。
I recommend ____________________________________________，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot．
The reason is
that my younger brother broke his leg
that you choose the Listening and Speaking course
6．是美丽的黄色蒲公英给了我克服困难的灵感。
___________________________________________ was the inspiration from the yellow dandelions．
7．我突然想起我忘记了她的生日。
___________ all of a sudden _________________________________．
What encouraged me to overcome the difficulty
It hit me
that I had forgotten her birthday
Ⅲ．语法填空
1．______ worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2．______ she puts on too much weight and is frequently ill．She has some doubts 3．_________ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar．Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days．Maybe this is 4．_____ she becomes fatter these days，she thinks．
What
that
whether
why
5．_____ she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task．So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions．But where she can get better suggestions and 6．_____ will give her better advice also puzzle her．Her parents made a suggestion 7．______ she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital．Professor Wang suggested 8．______ she keep a balanced diet first，and that she should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein．What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she
How
who
that
that
had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day．Mary asked Professor Wang 9．______ she should take exercise．Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon．That is 10．_________ she will have more time to do sports．It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now．
when
because
谢 谢！

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