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第3讲　并列句和状语从句
　并列连词
1．并列连词的用法及常考并列连词
用法 常考并列连词
表示转折、对比关系 but，yet (然而)，while (然而)等
表示并列关系 and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...，neither...nor...等
表示选择关系 or，either...or...，not...but...等
表示因果关系 so，for(一般不放在句首)等
2．特殊并列连词及并列句
特殊并列连词 并列句
when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①Sb． was/is about to do sth． when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ②Sb． was/is on the point of doing sth． when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ③Sb． was/is doing sth． when...“某人正在做某事，这时突然……” ④Sb． had just done sth． when...“某人刚做完某事，这时突然……” “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构中，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语
　时间状语从句
1．when，while和as
引导词 例句
when(可与延续或非延续性动词连用) When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly．
while(只与延续性动词连用) While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images．
as(常与延续性动词连用) As he grew older，he became less active．
2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或词组
引导词 例句
as soon as I'll call you as soon as I get home．
the moment，the minute，the instant The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．
immediately， directly，instantly Immediately she'd gone，I remembered her name．
hardly...when...，no sooner...than... Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once．
3．till/until
语法规则 例句
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可位于句首，而till不能位于句首 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out．
4．before和since
语法规则 例句
since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，常用结构为“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时) It is / has been four years since we moved here．
(1)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) (2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) It will be four hours before his flight arrives． It was ten years before the couple met again．
5．其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句
引导词 例句
every time每次 the first time第一次 by the time到……时候 Every time I meet her，I have always forgotten her name．
　其他状语从句
引导词 例句
where，wherever(地点状语从句) Where there is a will，there is a way． Safety should always be the top priority wherever we are．
if，unless，as long as，so long as，on condition that，in case，suppose/supposing that，provided/providing that等(条件状语从句) You should go to school unless you are seriously ill． He will certainly pass the exam next time if he works hard at his lessons．
only if和if only(条件状语从句) Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others． If only it would stop raining！
because，since，as，now that，in that等(原因状语从句) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line． As he is a League member，he takes the lead in everything in his class．
although，though，while，as，even if/though，whatever，however，whoever，whenever，whether...or，no matter what/ who/how/when等(让步状语从句) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends． Whether it is fine or not，I shall go out for an outing tomorrow．
Tired as/though I was，I went on with my work． Child as/though he is，he can speak two languages．
I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am． Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently．
so...that...，such...that...， so that，such that (结果状语从句) I'm so fluent in English that I have no trouble in talking to local people． It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times． I got up late so that I missed the early bus．
Such a learned person is he that we all admire him very much． So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him．
as，just as，as if，as though(方式状语从句) We should work and study as he did． They talked as if they had been friends for years．
as...as...，not as/so...as，比较级＋than(比较状语从句) He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class． He is taller than any other student in our class．
so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)(目的状语从句) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university． Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain．
　状语从句的省略
语法规则 例句
从句和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可省略 When (you are) crossing the street，you should be careful． He fell off the horse as if (he was) shot． He opened his mouth as if (he was) to say something．
在if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略 If (it is) possible，he hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _____ see the pandas settle into their new home．
2．The data is based on more than 491，000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013 _____ is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years．
3．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，_____ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
4．He hung on for a few minutes _____ screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him．
5．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure _____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs．
6．My bike was old and shaky _____ did the job．
7．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _______ the late 1980s．
8．We all need to get involved in saving energy _________ it's at work，at home，or at school．
9．They kept their collection at home until it got too big ____ until they died，and then it was given to a museum．
10．_________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．我还没来得及说话，他就迈着轻快的步子冲出去，奔向简。
_____________________________，he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step．
2．当我完成了所有的准备工作，我的心充满了兴奋。
______________________________________，my heart was full of excitement．
3．那天，当我们坐下来吃早餐时，我由衷地感激我们所拥有的一切。
___________________________________________，I felt truly grateful for all that we had．
4．虽然我没有得满分，但我获得了最美丽的品质。
____________________________，I gained the most beautiful qualities．
5．我一到教室就把信交给了老师。
_______________________________，I handed the letter to the teacher．
6．他是一个知识如此渊博的人，以至于我们都非常欣赏他。
①He is ____________________________ we all admire him very much．(such)
②He is __________________________ we all admire him very much．(so)
Ⅲ．语法填空
With Windows 11，Microsoft is introducing modern touches to the experience of using a PC．
Most noticeably，a new design is meant to help users more quickly get 1．______ they're looking for．The changes go beyond the surface，2．________．Microsoft is changing the rules of its app store to bring more varieties and even bring Android apps to the PC．New touch screen controls and a better way to configure (安装) software on screen might make it easier to sit in front of the computer for long periods．
Much is on the line．Windows is central to Microsoft，3．____________ companies use it for their employees' machines 4．_____ consumers use it for entertainment．The current version，Windows 10，is the top PC operating system in the world，5．_____ the company doesn't want to lose that leadership position 6．______ it faces competition from Apple and Google．
On Monday，Microsoft released its first preview build of the software to people participating in the Windows Insider Program，giving people their first chance to try out what's new．
7．____ you want to test it yourself，go to the Settings app in Windows 10．Just be warned: The software is still new and not very extensively tested，8．_____ it contains some issues，so 9．______ you might have to figure out other ways．
10．____ you want to keep Windows' bugs to a minimum，then you probably shouldn't upgrade yet．Microsoft plans to start rolling out the upgrade more widely later this year and into next year．
1 / 7第3讲　并列句和状语从句
　并列连词
1．并列连词的用法及常考并列连词
用法 常考并列连词
表示转折、对比关系 but，yet (然而)，while (然而)等
表示并列关系 and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...，neither...nor...等
表示选择关系 or，either...or...，not...but...等
表示因果关系 so，for(一般不放在句首)等
2．特殊并列连词及并列句
特殊并列连词 并列句
when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①Sb． was/is about to do sth． when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ②Sb． was/is on the point of doing sth． when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ③Sb． was/is doing sth． when...“某人正在做某事，这时突然……” ④Sb． had just done sth． when...“某人刚做完某事，这时突然……” “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构中，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语
　时间状语从句
1．when，while和as
引导词 例句
when(可与延续或非延续性动词连用) When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly．
while(只与延续性动词连用) While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images．
as(常与延续性动词连用) As he grew older，he became less active．
2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或词组
引导词 例句
as soon as I'll call you as soon as I get home．
the moment，the minute，the instant The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．
immediately， directly，instantly Immediately she'd gone，I remembered her name．
hardly...when...，no sooner...than... Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once．
3．till/until
语法规则 例句
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可位于句首，而till不能位于句首 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out．
4．before和since
语法规则 例句
since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，常用结构为“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时) It is / has been four years since we moved here．
(1)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) (2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) It will be four hours before his flight arrives． It was ten years before the couple met again．
5．其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句
引导词 例句
every time每次 the first time第一次 by the time到……时候 Every time I meet her，I have always forgotten her name．
　其他状语从句
引导词 例句
where，wherever(地点状语从句) Where there is a will，there is a way． Safety should always be the top priority wherever we are．
if，unless，as long as，so long as，on condition that，in case，suppose/supposing that，provided/providing that等(条件状语从句) You should go to school unless you are seriously ill． He will certainly pass the exam next time if he works hard at his lessons．
only if和if only(条件状语从句) Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others． If only it would stop raining！
because，since，as，now that，in that等(原因状语从句) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line． As he is a League member，he takes the lead in everything in his class．
although，though，while，as，even if/though，whatever，however，whoever，whenever，whether...or，no matter what/ who/how/when等(让步状语从句) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends． Whether it is fine or not，I shall go out for an outing tomorrow．
Tired as/though I was，I went on with my work． Child as/though he is，he can speak two languages．
I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am． Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently．
so...that...，such...that...， so that，such that (结果状语从句) I'm so fluent in English that I have no trouble in talking to local people． It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times． I got up late so that I missed the early bus．
Such a learned person is he that we all admire him very much． So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him．
as，just as，as if，as though(方式状语从句) We should work and study as he did． They talked as if they had been friends for years．
as...as...，not as/so...as，比较级＋than(比较状语从句) He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class． He is taller than any other student in our class．
so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)(目的状语从句) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university． Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain．
　状语从句的省略
语法规则 例句
从句和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可省略 When (you are) crossing the street，you should be careful． He fell off the horse as if (he was) shot． He opened his mouth as if (he was) to say something．
在if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略 If (it is) possible，he hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and see the pandas settle into their new home．
2．The data is based on more than 491，000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013 and is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years．
3．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
4．He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him．
5．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs．
6．My bike was old and shaky but did the job．
7．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s．
8．We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it's at work，at home，or at school．
9．They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died，and then it was given to a museum．
10．As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．我还没来得及说话，他就迈着轻快的步子冲出去，奔向简。
Before I could say anything，he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step．
2．当我完成了所有的准备工作，我的心充满了兴奋。
When I finished all the preparations，my heart was full of excitement．
3．那天，当我们坐下来吃早餐时，我由衷地感激我们所拥有的一切。
As we sat down to have breakfast that day，I felt truly grateful for all that we had．
4．虽然我没有得满分，但我获得了最美丽的品质。
Although I lost full marks，I gained the most beautiful qualities．
5．我一到教室就把信交给了老师。
As soon as I arrived in class，I handed the letter to the teacher．
6．他是一个知识如此渊博的人，以至于我们都非常欣赏他。
①He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much．(such)
②He is so learned a person that we all admire him very much．(so)
Ⅲ．语法填空
With Windows 11，Microsoft is introducing modern touches to the experience of using a PC．
Most noticeably，a new design is meant to help users more quickly get 1．what they're looking for．The changes go beyond the surface，2．though．Microsoft is changing the rules of its app store to bring more varieties and even bring Android apps to the PC．New touch screen controls and a better way to configure (安装) software on screen might make it easier to sit in front of the computer for long periods．
Much is on the line．Windows is central to Microsoft，3．as/because companies use it for their employees' machines 4．and consumers use it for entertainment．The current version，Windows 10，is the top PC operating system in the world，5．and the company doesn't want to lose that leadership position 6．when it faces competition from Apple and Google．
On Monday，Microsoft released its first preview build of the software to people participating in the Windows Insider Program，giving people their first chance to try out what's new．
7．If you want to test it yourself，go to the Settings app in Windows 10．Just be warned: The software is still new and not very extensively tested，8．and it contains some issues，so 9．that you might have to figure out other ways．
10．If you want to keep Windows' bugs to a minimum，then you probably shouldn't upgrade yet．Microsoft plans to start rolling out the upgrade more widely later this year and into next year．
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