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第4讲　特殊句式
　强调句
语法规则 例句
该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致 I met her in the park yesterday． It was I that/who met her in the park yesterday．(强调主语) It was her that I met in the park yesterday．(强调宾语) It was in the park that I met her yesterday．(强调地点状语) It was yesterday that I met her in the park．(强调时间状语)
强调句型的疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？
not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。不强调时且not until位于句首，主句需要部分倒装 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital． Not until yesterday was I told that he was ill in hospital．
It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句 I do hope you will make it． She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it．
　倒装句
1．部分倒装
语法规则 例句
句首否定词 ＋ 部分倒装 (never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等) 注意：①hardly/scarcely和no sooner放在句首，主句部分倒装，且用过去完成时；②not only...but also连接并列句且not only位于句首时，not only所在的句子部分倒装，but also所在的句子不倒装；③not until位于句首时，not until所在的从句不倒装，主句需要部分倒装 原句：I knew little that you were Romeo． 倒装句：Little did I know that you were Romeo． Seldom has she met him recently． In no case will I give up． No sooner/Hardly had I arrived at home than/when it began to rain． Not only did we gain a lot of knowledge，but also we improved our health． Not until yesterday did I realize how important this matter is．
only＋状语(介词短语，副词，状语从句)置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 only＋主语则不用倒装 Only recently have I become aware of the importance of taking exercise． Only in this way can we succeed．
so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装 So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule．
as，though引导让步状语从句时的特殊倒装 Tired as/though we are，we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world． Try as/though he might，he couldn't solve the problem．
在含有had，were，should的虚拟条件句，若省略if，则if从句使用部分倒装 If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．→Had I left a little earlier，I would have caught the train． If I were you，I should work hard．→Were I you，I should work hard．
2．全部倒装(注意主谓一致，找到真正的主语)
语法规则 例句
here，there，now，then或 out，in，up，down，away，off 等副词开头的句子＋谓语动词(be，go，come) 注意：主语是人称代词，语序不变 There goes the bus． Out ran the teacher． Then came a new difficulty． Now comes your turn． Here you are． Out it comes．
当句首状语为表示地点的介词(词组)时，常常引起全部倒装 On the wall hang two large portraits． In the south of the city lies a steel factory． In front of the house parks a new car．
主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要，将表语提前 Gone are the days when we are enslaved． Present at the meeting are ten famous writers． Among the children was an old man．
以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构，除 there be 外还有there live/stand/lie/exist等 There is one book and two oranges on the desk． There stands a big tree on the top of the hill．
　祈使句和感叹句
1．祈使句
语法规则 例句
祈使句用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词 Work hard，and you will make progress in English． Never answer the phone while driving． Let Tom go there himself．
2．感叹句
语法规则 例句
What＋a/an＋adj．＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ What＋adj．＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made．
How＋adj．＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How＋adj．/adv．＋主语＋谓语！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is！
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．You are waiting at a wrong place． It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists．
2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized．
3．John's success has nothing to do with good luck． It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today．
4．Not only do (do) the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well．
5．Among the crises that face humans is (be) the lack of natural resources．
6．Not until he went through real hardship did (do) he realize the love we have for our families is．
7．Never before has (have) she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert．
8．Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．马丁意识到重要的不是朋友的数量，而是质量。
Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered．(强调句)
2．在我的一生中，我从来没有被这样的委屈和无助所压倒，我一动不动地站在那里。
Never before in my life had I been so overwhelmed with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless．(倒装句)
3．Sergio兴奋得手臂微微颤抖。
So excited was Sergio that his arms trembled slightly．(倒装句)
4．它不仅丰富了我们的学校生活，也激发了我们学好英语的热情。
Not only does it enrich our school life but it also motivates our passion to learn English well．(倒装句)
5．尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪，试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。
Panicked as/though I was，I attempted to collect my thoughts，trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible．(倒装句)
Ⅲ．语法填空
Never 1．did(do) Disha Florence think she would become a web novelist． The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a way to free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman，2．a wish she has had since she was 8．It was then 3．that she observed that being a girl meant she couldn't play in the park like boys，and that she needed to learn to do housework．
As she grew up，she realized that without experience and knowledge，it's impossible to be free．Therefore，while 4．continuing (continue) her study，Florence worked as a volunteer，going to places and meeting people with or without her parents' 5．permission(permit)． Her father told her，“You need to make your own money to do as you wish．” Florence found this advice 6．logical (logic)，but didn't know what to do．
At 22，she noticed on the Chinese reading app Webnovel that the website was hiring authors who 7．were said (say) to be able to make much money．
Without thinking 8．further(far)，Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist．9．Inspired (inspire) by popular Chinese “CEO novels” on the app，Florence wrote her first book．This story about self-respect and self-love，10．whose characters are Chinese，is set in Europe．
1 / 6第4讲　特殊句式
　强调句
语法规则 例句
该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致 I met her in the park yesterday． It was I that/who met her in the park yesterday．(强调主语) It was her that I met in the park yesterday．(强调宾语) It was in the park that I met her yesterday．(强调地点状语) It was yesterday that I met her in the park．(强调时间状语)
强调句型的疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？
not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。不强调时且not until位于句首，主句需要部分倒装 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital． Not until yesterday was I told that he was ill in hospital．
It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句 I do hope you will make it． She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it．
　倒装句
1．部分倒装
语法规则 例句
句首否定词 ＋ 部分倒装 (never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等) 注意：①hardly/scarcely和no sooner放在句首，主句部分倒装，且用过去完成时；②not only...but also连接并列句且not only位于句首时，not only所在的句子部分倒装，but also所在的句子不倒装；③not until位于句首时，not until所在的从句不倒装，主句需要部分倒装 原句：I knew little that you were Romeo． 倒装句：Little did I know that you were Romeo． Seldom has she met him recently． In no case will I give up． No sooner/Hardly had I arrived at home than/when it began to rain． Not only did we gain a lot of knowledge，but also we improved our health． Not until yesterday did I realize how important this matter is．
only＋状语(介词短语，副词，状语从句)置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 only＋主语则不用倒装 Only recently have I become aware of the importance of taking exercise． Only in this way can we succeed．
so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装 So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule．
as，though引导让步状语从句时的特殊倒装 Tired as/though we are，we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world． Try as/though he might，he couldn't solve the problem．
在含有had，were，should的虚拟条件句，若省略if，则if从句使用部分倒装 If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．→Had I left a little earlier，I would have caught the train． If I were you，I should work hard．→Were I you，I should work hard．
2．全部倒装(注意主谓一致，找到真正的主语)
语法规则 例句
here，there，now，then或 out，in，up，down，away，off 等副词开头的句子＋谓语动词(be，go，come) 注意：主语是人称代词，语序不变 There goes the bus． Out ran the teacher． Then came a new difficulty． Now comes your turn． Here you are． Out it comes．
当句首状语为表示地点的介词(词组)时，常常引起全部倒装 On the wall hang two large portraits． In the south of the city lies a steel factory． In front of the house parks a new car．
主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要，将表语提前 Gone are the days when we are enslaved． Present at the meeting are ten famous writers． Among the children was an old man．
以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构，除 there be 外还有there live/stand/lie/exist等 There is one book and two oranges on the desk． There stands a big tree on the top of the hill．
　祈使句和感叹句
1．祈使句
语法规则 例句
祈使句用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词 Work hard，and you will make progress in English． Never answer the phone while driving． Let Tom go there himself．
2．感叹句
语法规则 例句
What＋a/an＋adj．＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ What＋adj．＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made．
How＋adj．＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How＋adj．/adv．＋主语＋谓语！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is！
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．You are waiting at a wrong place． It is at the hotel ______ the coach picks up tourists．
2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized．
3．John's success has nothing to do with good luck． It is years of hard work ______ has made him what he is today．
4．Not only ____ (do) the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well．
5．Among the crises that face humans ____ (be) the lack of natural resources．
6．Not until he went through real hardship _____ (do) he realize the love we have for our families is．
7．Never before _____ (have) she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert．
8．Hot ___________ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．马丁意识到重要的不是朋友的数量，而是质量。
Martin realized ______________________________________ mattered．(强调句)
2．在我的一生中，我从来没有被这样的委屈和无助所压倒，我一动不动地站在那里。
___________________________________________________ with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless．(倒装句)
3．Sergio兴奋得手臂微微颤抖。
____________________________ his arms trembled slightly．(倒装句)
4．它不仅丰富了我们的学校生活，也激发了我们学好英语的热情。
_________________________________________ but it also motivates our passion to learn English well．(倒装句)
5．尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪，试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。
__________________________，I attempted to collect my thoughts，trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible．(倒装句)
Ⅲ．语法填空
Never 1．_____(do) Disha Florence think she would become a web novelist． The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a way to free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman，2．___ wish she has had since she was 8．It was then 3．______ she observed that being a girl meant she couldn't play in the park like boys，and that she needed to learn to do housework．
As she grew up，she realized that without experience and knowledge，it's impossible to be free．Therefore，while 4．____________ (continue) her study，Florence worked as a volunteer，going to places and meeting people with or without her parents' 5．____________(permit)． Her father told her，“You need to make your own money to do as you wish．” Florence found this advice 6．_________ (logic)，but didn't know what to do．
At 22，she noticed on the Chinese reading app Webnovel that the website was hiring authors who 7．___________ (say) to be able to make much money．
Without thinking 8．_________(far)，Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist．9．__________ (inspire) by popular Chinese “CEO novels” on the app，Florence wrote her first book．This story about self-respect and self-love，10．_______ characters are Chinese，is set in Europe．
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