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Section Ⅲ　Using language
语法项目——定语从句(1)　关系代词引导的定语从句
语境中体悟
Sometimes in life, you find a special friend, someone who① makes you laugh, someone whose② influence on you is significant ... When you're down, your friend makes you believe in the world that/which③ you think is full of dark there are really good sides.If you lose your way, your forever friend guides you to the very place that④leads you home.Your forever friend who⑤ gets you through the hard times is the one who/whom⑥ you can depend on.Your forever friend follows you even if you move to a country that/which⑦ he knows little about.
[语法入门]
①who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是someone；
②whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词是someone；
③that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是world；
④that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是the very place；
⑤who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是friend；
⑥who/whom引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，先行词是one；
⑦that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，先行词是country。
学案中理清
复合句中对名词、代词、名词短语或句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。
1．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
2．定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有when, where, why。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。本单元主要介绍的是关系代词引导的定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句　
[先感知]
①(教材典句)The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.
②(教材典句)What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered
③I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
④Social media like blogs has connected us with our friends whom we love.
⑤“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.
⑥“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection which we share.
[会发现]
(1)句①④的先行词指__________，关系代词在从句中分别作______、______。
(2)句②⑤⑥的先行词指______，关系代词在句②⑤中作________，在句⑥中作________。
(3)句③的先行词指______，关系代词在从句中作________。
[明规则]
关系代词 先行词 从句中句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考)It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions about this highway builder __________ had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
②(2024·浙江1月高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ______________ will make them the most money.
③Those __________ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”．
④His father works in a company __________ name always appears in the local newspapers.
(2)把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句
⑤I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
→　
　
⑥Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her.
→　
　
　
⑦The student's article was published. I know the student.
→　
　
二、关系代词that与which的用法　
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that I have ever seen.
⑥After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Who is the man that is standing by the gate
⑨This is the town in which he was born.
⑩Tom came back, which made us very happy.
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
[会发现]
(1)句①②③中的先行词为____________，只能用that引导定语从句。
(2)句④⑤中的先行词分别被____________和____________修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。
(3)句⑥中的先行词被______________修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。
(4)句⑦的先行词中既有______又有______，只能用that引导定语从句。
(5)句⑧中的先行词前有疑问词__________，只能用that引导定语从句。
(6)句⑨中的关系代词在定语从句中作介词的________，且介词位于关系代词前时，只能用which引导。
(7)句⑩中的关系代词引导____________定语从句，只能用which引导。
(8)句 中有两个定语从句，前一个从句用了that引导，后一个定语从句只能用__________引导。
[明规则]
1．限制性定语从句中只用that的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都很钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
(4)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？
(5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。
They built up a small factory which produced things that are of good quality.他们建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产的东西质量很高。
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在定语从句中，也作表语时，只用that引导。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(7)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，只用that引导。
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个座位可坐。
2．只用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子嫉妒他。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只用which。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
(3)先行词为that, those时，只用which。
What's that which was put in the car
放在车子里的那个东西是什么？
[对点练]　(用适当的关系词填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考) The tip __________ comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses.
②Many trees line the street as well, including some pine trees __________ were first planted during the Ming Dynasty.
③The man is talking about the teachers and things __________ encouraged him greatly in school.
④(2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in __________ we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
⑤This is the book that you bought __________ you have lost.
⑥When it comes to Jinan, the first ________ comes to mind is the spring water.
⑦(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all __________ was left was pure water.
⑧These messages are the very ones _________ I have been looking for.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At that moment, an attractive young lady ________ noticed my book came up to me.
2．The reason ______________ he explained to us was that he hadn't read it before.
3．The boys ______________ are playing football are all on our school team.
4．Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people __________ don't have access to a local Laughter Club.
5．He became interested in two theories ______________ possibly explained how cholera killed people.
6．It helps older passengers and those ________ need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate.
7．I was amazed at the number of people ________ visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.
8．The person ____________________ the girl turned to for help was my neighbor.
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词完成下面短文
I would like to have a penfriend ①__________ is a girl from senior high school in the UK. It would be better if the penfriend has some hobbies ②__________ I also have. In my mind, the penfriend is someone ③________ interests are in travelling, swimming and playing table tennis.With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her the things ④__________ I experienced in travelling, swimming and studying in school. When we meet difficulties, we can help each other and give each other some tips ⑤____________ can help settle the difficulties. I also hope the penfriend will help me improve my spoken English ⑥__________ I find difficult. Of course, I can teach her to learn Chinese if she is ready to.
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．______________　他摔断了腿
2．______________ 盼望它好久了
3．______________ 康复
4．______________ 让他高兴起来
5．______________ 拍照
6．make our trip to London ______________
7．give up our holiday ______________
8．make him feel even worse ______________
9．send him funny postcards ______________
10．have a video chat with him ______________
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．Why couldn't Matt travel to London with his friends？(　 )
A．He needed support.
B．He didn't want to.
C．His leg was broken.
2．Which suggestion did Andy make？(　 )
A．To send photos to Matt.
B．To send Matt postcards.
C．To have a video chat with Matt.
3．What does “Flat Matt” refer to？(　 )
A．Another friend called Matt.
B．A cardboard version of Matt.
C．Matt's brother.
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．He said he broke his leg and couldn't ________________________ this week.
2．________________ we wait until he's better
3．It will ____________ for him to get well again.
4．He doesn't want us to __________________ because of him.
5．______________ sending him funny postcards from every place we visit
6．But you aren't allowed __________________ in some places.
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于友谊的对话。
M：What's wrong with you You look bad.
W：I feel like my friendship has finished. I am very confused.
M：What Why
W：Yesterday, ①____________________________ (我和我的好朋友约好) to go shopping. I waited for a long time but she didn't turn up. When I called her, she was watching a movie with another one! It ②______________________________ (让我很生气、很伤心)．
M：Oh, it's terrible. But, everyone would ③________________ (犯错误). Maybe she forgot it.
W：But how can she forget I have prepared for this appointment for a whole week!
M：Calm down, calm down. Don't forget when you ④___________________ (处于麻烦中), she was the one who helped you.
W：Well, that's true. ⑤________________________________ (你认为什么是真正的友谊)
M：I think true friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is gone.
W：I see. I will treasure my friendship.
1．Her ideas are always inspiring.
她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。
★inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
|用|法|感|知|
(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)His deeds were inspiring and touched my heart.
他的事迹鼓舞人心，让我很受触动。
(“活动报道”佳句)The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.
这次比赛的目的是激励我们学生更加注重体育锻炼。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Inspired by the teacher, I practiced writing even harder.
受到了老师的鼓舞，我更加努力练习写作。
(1)inspire v．　　　 激励，鼓舞，使产生灵感
inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. 激发某人的某种情感
(2)inspiration n．灵感，鼓舞人心的人(或事物)　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Arthur told me that the thank you note from me inspired him ______________ (live) a meaningful life by helping others out of trouble.
②She went on lecturing and tried to ask some __________ (inspire) questions.
③At that moment, Tony came up to her and inspired her __________ confidence.
④Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an __________ (inspire) to her family — and that's pretty powerful.
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑤It is encouraging for us to hear a foreigner introducing the TCM.__________
2．one glass of comfort
一杯安慰
★comfort n．安慰，慰藉vt.安慰
|用|法|感|知|
(“动作描写”佳句) Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sarah's mother.
比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。
During those difficult days, your friendship was a great comfort for me.
在那些艰难的日子里，你的友情是我莫大的安慰。
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Before running, we should put on a pair of comfortable running shoes and do some warm up exercises to avoid injuries.
在跑之前，我们应该穿上一双舒适的跑步鞋并且做一些热身运动来避免受伤。
(1)in comfort　　　舒适地，放松地
be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
(2)comfort sb. for/with sth.因/以某事来安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的，舒适的　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①It is really __________ comfort to me to see so many people like my latest works.
②He hopes to live __________ comfort for the rest of his life.
③She comforted herself __________ the thought that it would be soon spring.
④Only in this way can we live in more ________ (comfort) and beautiful surroundings.
[名师点津]　comfort作“舒适，舒服，安慰”讲时为不可数名词，作“令人感到安慰的人/事物”讲时是可数名词。
3．the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待但不会变得焦虑或气愤的能力
★anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”比喻佳句) He was anxious like an ant on a hot pan.
他焦虑得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
(“心理描写”佳句)A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in her mind.一种力量感立刻取代了她心中与日俱增的恐惧和焦虑。
(1)be anxious for sb.　　　为某人担心/担忧
be anxious about sth. 为某事物忧虑/担心
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，担心，渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①I am anxious __________ whether we can succeed.
②I wanted to make them know that I was really anxious __________ (help) them.
③After eventually coming up to Richard, the two dogs surrounded his body to warm him while barking with __________ (anxious)．
4．... or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion: I was wondering whether ...……或者使用一个过去时态撇清你自己与这个建议的关系：我想知道是否……
★distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离，远方；疏远
|用|法|感|知|
Distance yourself from that friend, no matter how long a history you have with her.
和这样的朋友保持距离，不管你跟她交情多深。
(“场景描写”典句)Finally, in the distance, we discovered a small boat with three lifeguards heading towards us. 最后，在远处，我们发现了一艘小船，船上有三名救生员朝我们驶来。
(1)distance sb. from ...　使某人与……保持距离
(2)in the distance 在远处(有较远距离)
at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远；久远地
at a distance of ... 在……远的地方
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远
within walking distance 步行可到，几步之遥
(3)distant adj. 远的，遥远的，冷漠的　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①__________ a distance of six miles you can't see much.
②I live ________ walking distance of the school.
③After the quarrel with her friends, Susan remains cold and __________ (distance), and unwilling to meet them.
(2)一句多译
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
④It was difficult to get along well with her because she always ________________________________.(distance v．)
⑤It was difficult to get along well with her because she always __________________________.(distance n．)
Section Ⅲ
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
一、[会发现]　(1)人　主语　宾语　(2)物　主语　宾语
(3)人　定语
[对点练]　①who　②that/which　③who　④whose
⑤I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.
⑥Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave to her.
⑦I know the student whose article was published.
二、[会发现]　(1)不定代词　(2)序数词　形容词最高级
(3)the only　(4)人　物　(5)who　(6)宾语　(7)非限制性　(8)which
[对点练]　①that　②that　③that　④which　⑤which
⑥that　⑦that　⑧that
应用中融通 　
Ⅰ.1.who　2.that/which　3.who/that　4.who　5.that/which
6．who　7.who/that　8.whom/who/that
Ⅱ.①who/that　②that/which　③whose　④which/that
⑤that/which　⑥that/which
听力发掘训练
一、1.break his leg　2.look forward to it for ages
3．get well again　4.cheer him up　5.take photos
6．我们去伦敦旅行　7.放弃我们的假期　8.使他感到更糟糕
9．送给他有趣的贺卡　10.和他进行视频聊天
二、1.C　2.C　3.B
三、1.make our trip to London　2.Why don't　3.take quite a while　4.give up our holiday　5.How about　6.to take videos
四、①I had an appointment with my good friend
②made me very angry and sad　③make mistakes
④were in trouble　⑤What do you think is true friendship
新知深化学习
1．①to live　②inspiring　③with　④inspiration　⑤inspiring
2．①a　②in　③with　④comfortable
3．①about　②to help　③anxiety
4．①At　②within　③distant　④distanced herself from everyone　⑤kept everyone at a distance
1 / 10(共104张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
目 录
语法专题突破
听力发掘训练
课时跟踪检测
新知深化学习
语法专题突破
语法项目——定语从句(1)　关系代词引导的定语从句
语境中体悟
Sometimes in life, you find a special friend, someone who① makes you laugh, someone whose② influence on you is significant ... When you're down, your friend makes you believe in the world that /which ③you think is full of dark there are really good sides.If you lose your way,
your forever friend guides you to the very place that④leads you home.Your forever friend who⑤ gets you through the hard times is the one who/whom⑥ you can depend on.Your forever friend follows you even if you move to a country that/which⑦ he knows little about.
[语法入门]
①who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是someone；
②whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词是someone；
③that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是world；
④that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是the very place；
⑤who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是friend；
⑥who/whom引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，先行词是one；
⑦that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，先行词是country。
学案中理清
复合句中对名词、代词、名词短语或句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。
1．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
2．定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有when, where, why。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。本单元主要介绍的是关系代词引导的定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句　
[先感知]
①(教材典句)The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.
②(教材典句)What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered
③I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
④Social media like blogs has connected us with our friends whom we love.
⑤“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.
⑥“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection which we share.
[会发现]
(1)句①④的先行词指 ，关系代词在从句中分别作 、 。
(2)句②⑤⑥的先行词指 ，关系代词在句②⑤中作 ，在句⑥中作 。
(3)句③的先行词指 ，关系代词在从句中作 。
人
主语
宾语
物
主语
宾语
人
定语
[明规则]
关系代词 先行词 从句中句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考)It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions about this highway builder had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
②(2024·浙江1月高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
who
that/which
③Those have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”．
④His father works in a company name always appears in the local newspapers.
who
whose
(2)把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句
⑤I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
→ .
⑥Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her.
→ .
⑦The student's article was published. I know the student.
→ .
I have a friend who likes listening to classical music
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave to her
I know the student whose article was published
二、关系代词that与which的用法　
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that I have ever seen.
⑥After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Who is the man that is standing by the gate
⑨This is the town in which he was born.
⑩Tom came back, which made us very happy.
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
[会发现]
(1)句①②③中的先行词为 ，只能用that引导定语从句。
(2)句④⑤中的先行词分别被序数词和形容词最高级修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。
(3)句⑥中的先行词被 修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。
(4)句⑦的先行词中既有 又有 ，只能用that引导定语从句。
不定代词
the only
人
物
(5)句⑧中的先行词前有疑问词 ，只能用that引导定语从句。
(6)句⑨中的关系代词在定语从句中作介词的 ，且介词位于关系代词前时，只能用which引导。
(7)句⑩中的关系代词引导 定语从句，只能用which引导。
(8)句 中有两个定语从句，前一个从句用了that引导，后一个定语从句只能用 引导。
who
宾语
非限制性
which
[明规则]
1．限制性定语从句中只用that的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都很钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
(4)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？
(5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。
They built up a small factory which produced things that are of good quality.
他们建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产的东西质量很高。
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在定语从句中，也作表语时，只用that引导。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(7)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，只用that引导。
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个座位可坐。
2．只用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子嫉妒他。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只用which。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
(3)先行词为that, those时，只用which。
What's that which was put in the car
放在车子里的那个东西是什么？
[对点练]　(用适当的关系词填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考) The tip comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses.
②Many trees line the street as well, including some pine trees ______were first planted during the Ming Dynasty.
that
that
③The man is talking about the teachers and things ______ encouraged him greatly in school.
④(2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
⑤This is the book that you bought you have lost.
that
which
which
⑥When it comes to Jinan, the first comes to mind is the spring water.
⑦(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all was left was pure water.
⑧These messages are the very ones I have been looking for.
that
that
that
应用中融通
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At that moment, an attractive young lady noticed my book came up to me.
2．The reason he explained to us was that he hadn't read it before.
3．The boys are playing football are all on our school team.
who
that/which
who/that
4．Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people don't have access to a local Laughter Club.
5．He became interested in two theories possibly explained how cholera killed people.
6．It helps older passengers and those need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate.
who
that/which
who
7．I was amazed at the number of people visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.
8．The person the girl turned to for help was my neighbor.
who/that
whom/who/that
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词完成下面短文
I would like to have a penfriend ① is a girl from senior high school in the UK. It would be better if the penfriend has some hobbies ② I also have. In my mind, the penfriend is someone ③ interests are in travelling, swimming and playing table tennis.With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her the things ④ I experienced in travelling, swimming and studying in school.
who/that
that/which
whose
which/that
When we meet difficulties, we can help each other and give each other some tips ⑤ can help settle the difficulties. I also hope the penfriend will help me improve my spoken English ⑥ I find difficult. Of course, I can teach her to learn Chinese if she is ready to.
that/which
that/which
听力发掘训练
一、由听力厚积语料库
1． 　　　　　　 他摔断了腿
2． 盼望它好久了
3． 康复
4． 让他高兴起来
5． 拍照
break his leg
look forward to it for ages
get well again
cheer him up
take photos
6．make our trip to London _______________
7．give up our holiday _______________
8．make him feel even worse _______________
9．send him funny postcards _________________
10．have a video chat with him _________________
我们去伦敦旅行
放弃我们的假期
使他感到更糟糕
送给他有趣的贺卡
和他进行视频聊天
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．Why couldn't Matt travel to London with his friends
A．He needed support.
B．He didn't want to.
C．His leg was broken.
√
2．Which suggestion did Andy make
A．To send photos to Matt.
B．To send Matt postcards.
C．To have a video chat with Matt.
√
3．What does “Flat Matt” refer to
A．Another friend called Matt.
B．A cardboard version of Matt.
C．Matt's brother.
√
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．He said he broke his leg and couldn't _______________________ this week.
2． we wait until he's better
3．It will for him to get well again.
make our trip to London
Why don't
take quite a while
4．He doesn't want us to because of him.
5． sending him funny postcards from every place we visit
6．But you aren't allowed in some places.
give up our holiday
How about
to take videos
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于友谊的对话。
M：What's wrong with you You look bad.
W：I feel like my friendship has finished. I am very confused.
M：What Why
W：Yesterday, ① (我和我的好朋友约好) to go shopping. I waited for a long time but she didn't turn up. When I called her, she was watching a movie with another one! It ② (让我很生气、很伤心)．
I had an appointment with my good friend
made me very angry and sad
M：Oh, it's terrible. But, everyone would ③ (犯错误). Maybe she forgot it.
W：But how can she forget I have prepared for this appointment for a whole week!
M：Calm down, calm down. Don't forget when you ④ (处于麻烦中), she was the one who helped you.
make mistakes
were in trouble
W：Well, that's true. ⑤ (你认为什么是真正的友谊)
M：I think true friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is gone.
W：I see. I will treasure my friendship.
What do you think is true friendship
新知深化学习
1．Her ideas are always inspiring.
她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。
★inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
|用|法|感|知|
(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)His deeds were inspiring and touched my heart.
他的事迹鼓舞人心，让我很受触动。
(“活动报道”佳句)The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.
这次比赛的目的是激励我们学生更加注重体育锻炼。
·(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Inspired by the teacher, I practiced writing even harder.
受到了老师的鼓舞，我更加努力练习写作。
归纳点拨
(1)inspire v．　　　　　 激励，鼓舞，使产生灵感
inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. 激发某人的某种情感
(2)inspiration n． 灵感，鼓舞人心的人(或事物)　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Arthur told me that the thank-you note from me inspired him ________(live) a meaningful life by helping others out of trouble.
②She went on lecturing and tried to ask some (inspire) questions.
to live
inspiring
③At that moment, Tony came up to her and inspired her _____confidence.
④Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an ___________ (inspire) to her family — and that's pretty powerful.
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑤It is encouraging for us to hear a foreigner introducing the TCM. _________
with
inspiration
inspiring
2．one glass of comfort
一杯安慰
★comfort n．安慰，慰藉vt.安慰
|用|法|感|知|
(“动作描写”佳句) Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sarah's mother.
比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。
During those difficult days, your friendship was a great comfort for me.
在那些艰难的日子里，你的友情是我莫大的安慰。
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Before running, we should put on a pair of comfortable running shoes and do some warm-up exercises to avoid injuries.
在跑之前，我们应该穿上一双舒适的跑步鞋并且做一些热身运动来避免受伤。
归纳点拨
(1)in comfort　　　　　　　 舒适地，放松地
be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
(2)comfort sb. for/with sth. 因/以某事来安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的，舒适的　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①It is really comfort to me to see so many people like my latest works.
②He hopes to live comfort for the rest of his life.
③She comforted herself the thought that it would be soon spring.
④Only in this way can we live in more (comfort) and beautiful surroundings.
a
in
with
comfortable
[名师点津]　comfort作“舒适，舒服，安慰”讲时为不可数名词，作“令人感到安慰的人/事物”讲时是可数名词。
3．the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
等待但不会变得焦虑或气愤的能力
★anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”比喻佳句) He was anxious like an ant on a hot pan.
他焦虑得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
(“心理描写”佳句)A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in her mind.
一种力量感立刻取代了她心中与日俱增的恐惧和焦虑。
归纳点拨
(1)be anxious for sb.　　　 为某人担心/担忧
be anxious about sth. 为某事物忧虑/担心
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，担心，渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①I am anxious whether we can succeed.
②I wanted to make them know that I was really anxious _________(help) them.
③After eventually coming up to Richard, the two dogs surrounded his body to warm him while barking with (anxious)．
about
to help
anxiety
4．... or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion: I was wondering whether ...
……或者使用一个过去时态撇清你自己与这个建议的关系：我想知道是否……
★distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离，远方；疏远
|用|法|感|知|
Distance yourself from that friend, no matter how long a history you have with her.
和这样的朋友保持距离，不管你跟她交情多深。
(“场景描写”典句)Finally, in the distance, we discovered a small boat with three lifeguards heading towards us.
最后，在远处，我们发现了一艘小船，船上有三名救生员朝我们驶来。
归纳点拨
(1)distance sb. from ...　 使某人与……保持距离
(2)in the distance 在远处(有较远距离)
at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远；久远地
at a distance of ... 在……远的地方
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远
within walking distance 步行可到，几步之遥
(3)distant adj. 远的，遥远的，冷漠的　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
① a distance of six miles you can't see much.
②I live walking distance of the school.
③After the quarrel with her friends, Susan remains cold and _______(distance), and unwilling to meet them.
At
within
distant
(2)一句多译
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
④It was difficult to get along well with her because she always .(distance v．)
⑤It was difficult to get along well with her because she always .(distance n．)
distanced herself from everyone
kept everyone at a distance
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.
Scientists have known that close friendships help boost (促进) health. That's true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.
So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens' closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health. When the researchers analyzed (分析) the data, they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.
Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.
“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，” says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking or drinking. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges (承认)．“Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
语篇解读：研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。
1．Where can you probably read this passage
A．Science fiction. B．Health column.
C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响，属于健康知识类文章，所以本文可能选自“健康专栏”。
√
2．According to what Allen said, we can know that .
A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd
B．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up
C．teens will engage in smoking or drinking when facing peer pressure
D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对同龄人带来的压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。
3．What can be inferred from the passage
A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.
B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.
C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.
D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I truly learned what a best friend is in my first year in high school.Kate and I were good friends and we were inseparable (分不开的)．We spent every day together and always had a good 4 .
Then basketball started and we were on the 5 team.After a few games, however, Kate got moved up to the Rose Cup full-time.I wouldn't admit it then, but actually I envied (嫉妒) her.Having 6 practice times, we started to see less of each other.Soon I started to hear that she was talking behind my back.
One night, I called Kate to tell her about my new 7 .To my 8 ， the next day at school she told everyone I 9 her style because she had told me she wanted to get hers cut like this.At noon she handed me a letter and walked away 10 talking with me.I couldn't accept the 11 words on the paper.In great 12 ， I wrote right back to her.
Over the next week, we exchanged (交换) more 13 letters.I cried myself to sleep every night, 14 our friendship was over.One night my mom took me to Kate's home.Our moms looked at each other 15 .Kate's mom asked us questions but neither of us responded.At last I let everything out.The huge burden in my mind was slowly lifted as we each talked about how we were feeling.It was all out.Suddenly Kate 16 from her seat, crossed the room and hugged me with tears.I will never forget that.
It has been five months since we broke with each other.Last weekend we were out together again.It makes me happy that we are 17 to care about each other more.I now know that 18 I am asked about my friends, Kate will be at the top of the list.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个好朋友通过一次矛盾意识到朋友的重要性的故事。
4．A.rest　　　　　　　 B．time
C．example D．party
解析：根据句意可知，作者和凯特一起度过每一天，总是玩得很开心。have a good time“玩得开心；玩得愉快”。
√
5．A.right B．good
C．famous D．same
解析：由下文可知，作者和凯特在同一个篮球队。
√
6．A.upset B．free
C．different D．strange
解析：作者和凯特原来在同一个队，后来凯特晋级到了别的队，她们有了不同的练习时间，见面的机会也越来越少。
√
7．A.haircut B．overcoat
C．necklace D．shoes
解析：由下文中的“because she had told me she wanted to get hers cut like this”可知，作者给凯特打电话是想告诉她自己的新发型。
√
8．A.joy B．surprise
C．pleasure D．sorrow
解析：令作者吃惊的是，第二天在学校里凯特告诉了每一个人作者模仿她的发型，因为她告诉过作者她想留这样的发型。to one's surprise“令人吃惊的是”。
√
9．A.settled B．gained
C．copied D．created
解析：参见上题解析。
√
10．A.in need of B．instead of
C．except for D．as well as
解析：中午，凯特递给作者一封信，没有和作者说话就走开了。instead of“代替；而不是”。
√
11．A.cruel B．grateful
C．disappointing D．beautiful
解析：由下一段作者每晚都哭着睡觉可知，信上的内容是残忍的、伤人的。
√
12．A.power B．anger
C．surprise D．doubt
解析：由于信的内容很伤人，作者十分生气，就给她写了回信。
√
13．A.serious B．dangerous
C．regretful D．hurtful
解析：接下来的一个星期，作者和凯特交换了更多对彼此造成伤害的信件。
√
14．A.meaning B．hoping
C．believing D．ignoring
解析：每晚作者都哭着睡觉，认为自己和凯特的友谊结束了。
√
15．A.surprisingly B．nervously
C．excitedly D．happily
解析：作者和凯特不和，两人的妈妈很不安。
√
16．A.rose B．raised
C．stood D．got
解析：凯特突然从座位上站起来，走过房间，眼泪汪汪地抱着作者。
√
17．A.planning B．pretending
C．learning D．arranging
解析：令作者高兴的是她们学会了更多地关心彼此。learn to do sth.“学会做某事”。
√
18．A.whenever B．whatever
C．however D．whoever
解析：现在作者知道无论何时别人问起自己的朋友，凯特都将会排在第一位。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
How are you getting along with your senior high school It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you 1 (leave) your parents.I know that you are now having trouble 2 (communicate) with others, and you may often feel lonely.That's 3 you are new here and people don't know about you.But I think you can overcome the difficulty if you can follow the advice below.
First, you should attach great 4 (important) to taking an active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people's views 5 (careful). Second, you should learn about your classmates' likes and dislikes, 6 can make you get familiar with them.Only in this way can you get to know more 7 (difference) people and show them that you are just as friendly.
Last but not least, I'm always here ready to help.We can take part in some 8 (activity) together and I can introduce you to others. There's no need 9 (worry) too much; people will know you more very soon and will like to make friends 10 you if you can do as the above.
语篇解读：本文就如何结识新朋友提出了几点建议，如积极参加讨论并发表见解，了解同学们的喜好等。
1．have left　考查时态和主谓一致。在“This/It is the first time that ...”句型中，that后面的句子要用现在完成时，且主语是you。故填have left。
2．communicating　考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
3．because　考查连词。根据语意可知，后面是原因，所以此处填because。
4．importance　考查名词。根据前面的“great”可知，此处填名词形式。
5．carefully　考查副词。所填词修饰动词listen，所以用副词形式。
6．which　考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以填which。
7．different　考查形容词。所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。
8．activities　考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，根据空前的“some”可知，要用复数形式。
9．to worry　考查非谓语动词。There is no need to do sth.意为“没有必要做某事”。
10．with　考查介词。make friends with意为“和……交朋友”。UNIT 4　课时检测(三)　Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.
Scientists have known that close friendships help boost (促进) health. That's true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.
So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens' closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health. When the researchers analyzed (分析) the data, they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.
“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，” says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking or drinking. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges (承认)．“Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
1．Where can you probably read this passage
A．Science fiction. B．Health column.
C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper.
2．According to what Allen said, we can know that ________.
A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd
B．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up
C．teens will engage in smoking or drinking when facing peer pressure
D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends
3．What can be inferred from the passage
A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.
B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.
C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.
D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I truly learned what a best friend is in my first year in high school.Kate and I were good friends and we were inseparable (分不开的)．We spent every day together and always had a good __4__.
Then basketball started and we were on the __5__ team.After a few games, however, Kate got moved up to the Rose Cup full time.I wouldn't admit it then, but actually I envied (嫉妒) her.Having __6__ practice times, we started to see less of each other.Soon I started to hear that she was talking behind my back.
One night, I called Kate to tell her about my new __7__.To my __8__， the next day at school she told everyone I __9__ her style because she had told me she wanted to get hers cut like this.At noon she handed me a letter and walked away __10__ talking with me.I couldn't accept the __11__ words on the paper.In great __12__， I wrote right back to her.
Over the next week, we exchanged (交换) more __13__ letters.I cried myself to sleep every night, __14__ our friendship was over.One night my mom took me to Kate's home.Our moms looked at each other __15__.Kate's mom asked us questions but neither of us responded.At last I let everything out.The huge burden in my mind was slowly lifted as we each talked about how we were feeling.It was all out.Suddenly Kate __16__ from her seat, crossed the room and hugged me with tears.I will never forget that.
It has been five months since we broke with each other.Last weekend we were out together again.It makes me happy that we are __17__ to care about each other more.I now know that __18__ I am asked about my friends, Kate will be at the top of the list.
4.A.rest　　　　　　　 B．time
C．example D．party
5．A.right B．good
C．famous D．same
6．A.upset B．free
C．different D．strange
7．A.haircut B．overcoat
C．necklace D．shoes
8．A.joy B．surprise
C．pleasure D．sorrow
9．A.settled B．gained
C．copied D．created
10．A.in need of B．instead of
C．except for D．as well as
11．A.cruel B．grateful
C．disappointing D．beautiful
12．A.power B．anger
C．surprise D．doubt
13．A.serious B．dangerous
C．regretful D．hurtful
14．A.meaning B．hoping
C．believing D．ignoring
15．A.surprisingly B．nervously
C．excitedly D．happily
16．A.rose B．raised
C．stood D．got
17．A.planning B．pretending
C．learning D．arranging
18．A.whenever B．whatever
C．however D．whoever
Ⅲ.语法填空
How are you getting along with your senior high school It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you __1__ (leave) your parents.I know that you are now having trouble __2__ (communicate) with others, and you may often feel lonely.That's __3__ you are new here and people don't know about you.But I think you can overcome the difficulty if you can follow the advice below.
First, you should attach great __4__ (important) to taking an active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people's views __5__ (careful). Second, you should learn about your classmates' likes and dislikes, __6__ can make you get familiar with them.Only in this way can you get to know more __7__ (difference) people and show them that you are just as friendly. Last but not least, I'm always here ready to help.We can take part in some __8__ (activity) together and I can introduce you to others. There's no need __9__ (worry) too much; people will know you more very soon and will like to make friends __10__ you if you can do as the above.
UNIT 4　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。
1．选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响，属于健康知识类文章，所以本文可能选自“健康专栏”。
2．选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对同龄人带来的压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。
3．选C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个好朋友通过一次矛盾意识到朋友的重要性的故事。
4．选B　根据句意可知，作者和凯特一起度过每一天，总是玩得很开心。have a good time“玩得开心；玩得愉快”。
5．选D　由下文可知，作者和凯特在同一个篮球队。
6．选C　作者和凯特原来在同一个队，后来凯特晋级到了别的队，她们有了不同的练习时间，见面的机会也越来越少。
7．选A　由下文中的“because she had told me she wanted to get hers cut like this”可知，作者给凯特打电话是想告诉她自己的新发型。
8．选B　令作者吃惊的是，第二天在学校里凯特告诉了每一个人作者模仿她的发型，因为她告诉过作者她想留这样的发型。to one's surprise“令人吃惊的是”。
9．选C　参见上题解析。
10．选B　中午，凯特递给作者一封信，没有和作者说话就走开了。instead of“代替；而不是”。
11．选A　由下一段作者每晚都哭着睡觉可知，信上的内容是残忍的、伤人的。
12．选B　由于信的内容很伤人，作者十分生气，就给她写了回信。
13．选D　接下来的一个星期，作者和凯特交换了更多对彼此造成伤害的信件。
14．选C　每晚作者都哭着睡觉，认为自己和凯特的友谊结束了。
15．选B　作者和凯特不和，两人的妈妈很不安。
16．选A　凯特突然从座位上站起来，走过房间，眼泪汪汪地抱着作者。
17．选C　令作者高兴的是她们学会了更多地关心彼此。learn to do sth.“学会做某事”。
18．选A　现在作者知道无论何时别人问起自己的朋友，凯特都将会排在第一位。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文就如何结识新朋友提出了几点建议，如积极参加讨论并发表见解，了解同学们的喜好等。
1．have left　考查时态和主谓一致。在“This/It is the first time that ...”句型中，that后面的句子要用现在完成时，且主语是you。故填have left。
2．communicating　考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
3．because　考查连词。根据语意可知，后面是原因，所以此处填because。
4．importance　考查名词。根据前面的“great”可知，此处填名词形式。
5．carefully　考查副词。所填词修饰动词listen，所以用副词形式。
6．which　考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以填which。
7．different　考查形容词。所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。
8．activities　考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，根据空前的“some”可知，要用复数形式。
9．to worry　考查非谓语动词。There is no need to do sth.意为“没有必要做某事”。
10．with　考查介词。make friends with意为“和……交朋友”。
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