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新仁爱科普版英语八上Unit2 The World of Art暑假知识点预习讲义
一、基础知识整理
（一）重点词汇
see a dentist：看牙医
drink enough boiled water：喝足够的开水
lift heavy things：举重物
stay in bed：卧床休息
have a good sleep：好好睡一觉
take/have some medicine：服药
brush one’s teeth：刷牙
too much：太多（修饰不可数名词）
too many：太多（修饰可数名词复数）
something new：新的事物
go up：上升
have an accident：发生事故
look after = take care of：照顾
follow the doctor's advice：遵从医嘱
ask sb. (not) to do sth.：叫某人（不）做某事
be necessary for…：对于……来说是必不可少的
keep you active：使你保持精力旺盛
in/during the day：在白天
throw litter about：乱扔垃圾
show sth. To sb. = show sb. Sth.：把某物拿给某人看
be careful (not) to do sth：小心（不）做某事
make sb. do sth.：使某人做…
force sb. to do sth.：强迫某人做…
feel better：感觉好些了
be surprised to do sth.：惊奇于做….
read in the sun：在阳光下看书
help sb. relax：有助于某人放松
as soon as possible：尽快地…
as soon as …：一…就…
in fact：事实上，实际上
feel weak：感到无力、虚弱
enough sleep /money：足够的睡眠/钱
strong/old enough：足够强壮/大
our/ your/their health：我们的/你的/他们的健康 （物主代词+名词）
keep us/him/her healthy：保持我们/他/她健康
make us/him/her healthy：使我们/他/她健康 (keep/make+宾+adj)
put litter into the dustbin：把垃圾放进垃圾箱
not only …but also …：不仅……而且……
（二）重点句型
Staying up late is bad for your health.：熬夜有害你的健康。(动名词短语做主语)
Is going to bed early good or bad for your health It’s good.：早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害 有益。 (选择问句不能用yes/no回答)
Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.：散步是很好的锻炼,对身体健康必不可少的。
It will keep you active during the day.：它将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力。
You must not throw litter about. = Don’t throw litter about.：不要乱扔垃圾。
I must ask him to give up smoking.：我必须叫他放弃抽烟
（三）语法知识
动名词作主语：动词的 -ing形式（动名词）可以在句子中作主语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为或动作。谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有益。）
enough的用法：
作形容词：意为“足够的”，修饰名词时，既可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，但通常放在名词之前 。例如：I have enough time / time enough to finish this work.（我有足够的时间完成这项工作。）
作副词：意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，均放在所修饰词的后面。例如：He is tall enough to get the apple.（他足够高，能够得着苹果。）
小试牛刀
（一）词性转换（10个）
tooth（复数）→________
health（形容词）→________
strong（名词）→________
sleep（形容词）→________
careful（副词）→________
surprise（形容词）→________
relax（形容词）→________
active（名词）→________
advise（名词）→________
necessary（名词）→________
（二）根据汉语写出词组（20个）
1.看牙医 →________； 2.喝大量的水 →________
3.举重物 →________； 4.卧床休息 →________
5.好好睡一觉 →________；6.服药 →________
7.刷牙 →________； 8.太多（不可数）→________
9.太多（可数）→________；10.新的事物 →________
11.上升 →________； 12.发生事故 →________
13.照顾 →________； 14.遵从医嘱 →________
15.叫某人（不）做某事 →________；16.对于……必不可少 →________
17.使你保持精力旺盛 →________；18.在白天 →________
19.乱扔垃圾 →________； 20.把某物拿给某人看 →________
（三）根据音标和中文提示完成句子（10个）
You should brush your /ti θ/（________） twice a day.
Drinking enough /'b ld/（________） water is good for you.
He has a /'hede k/（________） and needs to have a rest.
Don't /θr /（________） litter about. Put it into the dustbin.
She is old / 'n f/（________） to go to school.
We should do more exercise to keep /'helθi/（________）.
He looks /wi k/（________） because he doesn't eat well.
The doctor asked him to take some /'medsn/（________）.
You must be /'ke fl/（________） when you cross the street.
Staying up late is /b d/（________） for your health.
（四）根据中文提示完成英语句子，每空一词（5句）
1.我们应该尽可能多地说英语。
We should speak English ________ ________ ________ ________.
2.他不仅会唱歌，而且会跳舞。
He can ________ ________ sing ________ ________ dance.
3.我妈妈叫我不要在阳光下看书。
My mother asks me ________ ________ read in the sun.
4.每天做早操对我们有好处。
Doing morning exercises every day ________ ________ ________ us.
5.你需要好好照顾你的妹妹。
You need to ________ ________ ________ ________ / ________ ________ ________ your sister.
（五）将下列单词填入空格
（lie, lift, brush, stay, feel）
You should ________ your teeth before going to bed.
He tried to ________ the heavy box, but he failed.
She had to ________ in bed because she was ill.
The sick man ________ very weak.
Don't ________ on the wet ground. It's bad for your health.
（六）完形填空
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入短文空白处的最佳选项。
Dear Mike,
How are you I'm really glad to tell you 1 about my vacation. I went to Sanya 2 my parents last week. It was my 3 time to go there, so everything was really interesting.
The 4 in Sanya was sunny and warm. We went to the beach (海滩) on the first day. I 5 in the sea and played beach volleyball with other visitors. My parents walked 6 the beach and took many beautiful photos.
On the second day, we visited a farm. We saw lots of 7 there, like cows, horses and sheep. The farmers were 8 and they showed us around the farm. We also picked some fresh 9 like apples and oranges. They were very delicious.
All in all, we 10 a great time in Sanya. I hope you can go there one day.
Yours,
Tom
A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
A. with B. for C. about D. of
A. one B. first C. two D. second
A. place B. people C. weather D. food
A. ran B. jumped C. walked D. swam
A. under B. along C. behind D. between
A. animals B. vegetables C. flowers D. trees
A. lazy B. busy C. friendly D. lucky
A. fruit B. meat C. fish D. rice
A. made B. gave C. had D. took
（七）阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(A)
In the United States, people like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind to them. People of many other countries do so, too. It is a very good habit.
You should say “Thank you” when someone passes you something on the table, when someone opens the door for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.
“Excuse me” is another short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you without touching you. It's not polite to interrupt (打断) others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others.
Let's all learn to say “Thank you” and “Excuse me”.
（ ）1.People say “Thank you” in the US and countries.
A. some other B. all other C. the other D. other
（ ）2.People usually say “Thank you” when .
A. someone opens the door for them
B. someone makes them unhappy
C. someone doesn't pass them something
D. someone is smoking
（ ）3.From the passage we know “Thank you” is .
A. widely used in the world
B. used more often than “Excuse me”
C. used only by Americans
D. used only between friends
（ ）4.When you want to cough before others, you should say “ ” first.
A. I'm sorry B. Thank you C. Excuse me D. I'm happy
（ ）5.It's polite when someone is talking.
A. to interrupt others
B. not to interrupt others
C. to walk past without touching him
D. not to walk past
(B)
Many people do not like to stay at home on holidays. They want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. So people from the country go to the city and people from the city go to the country for holidays. During the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. It is very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. Many people take cars or buses for traveling.
Last May Day my family went to the country by car for our holiday. There was too much traffic on the road, so we had to move very slowly. It took us about an hour to get out of the town. After some time, we came to a farm. It was clean and beautiful. The animals were very lovely. We thought it was a nice place for a picnic, so we stopped and took the food, fruit and drinks out of the car. We sat down under a big green tree and began to eat. Suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. We had to run back to our car and had our picnic in the car. Then we drove back home. What a bad trip it was!
（ ）1.Many people don't like to stay at home on holidays because .
A. they have much money B. the weather is quite cool
C.they want to see something new
D.they want to see different people
（ ）2.The family went to for their holiday last May Day.
A. a beach park B. the country C. the city D. a town
（ ）3.The writer and his family went on their holiday .
A. by bus B. by train C. by plane D. by car
（ ）4.What happened when the family began to eat
A. A tiger came out. B. The food was bad.
C. A strong wind blew and soon it started to rain.
D. The car broke down.
（ ）5.From the passage, we can know that the family's trip was .
A. interesting B. relaxing C. terrible D. exciting
（八）书面表达
假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Tom想了解你的日常生活习惯。请根据以下要点提示，给他写一封电子邮件。
要点提示：
起床、睡觉时间；
饮食习惯；
运动情况；
其他生活习惯。
要求：
包含所有要点内容，可适当发挥；
词数：70 - 90词。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
How's it going I'm glad to tell you something about my daily life habits.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What about your daily life habits I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
（一）词性转换
1.teeth 2. healthy 3. strength 4. sleepy 5. carefully
6.surprised；surprising 7. relaxed；relaxing 8. activity
9. advice 10. necessity
（二）根据汉语写出词组
1.see a dentist；2.drink enough boiled water 3.lift heavy things；4.stay in bed 5.have a good sleep；6.take/have some medicine 7.brush one’s teeth；8.too much 9.too many；
10.something new 11.go up；12.have an accident 13.look after/take care of；14.follow the doctor's advice
15.ask sb. (not) to do sth.；16.be necessary for…
17.keep you active；18.in/during the day
19.throw litter about；20.show sth. To sb.；show sb. Sth.
（三）根据音标和中文提示完成句子
1.teeth 2. boiled 3. headache 4. throw 5. enough
6.healthy 7. weak 8. medicine 9. careful 10. bad
（四）根据中文提示完成英语句子，每空一词
1.as much as possible 2.not only；but also 3.not to
4.is good for 5.take good care of；look after well
（五）将下列单词填入空格
1.brush 2. lift 3. stay 4. feels 5. lie
（六）完形填空
1 - 5 BABCD 6 - 10 BACAC
（七）阅读理解
(A) 1 - 5 AAACB (B) 1 - 5 CBDCC
（八）书面表达（参考范文）
Dear Tom,
How's it going I'm glad to tell you something about my daily life habits. I usually get up at 6:30 a.m. and go to bed at 10:00 p.m. I have a balanced diet. I eat plenty of vegetables, fruits and drink enough milk every day. I never eat junk food. I love playing basketball. I play it with my classmates three times a week. After school, I often help my parents with housework. I also keep my room clean and tidy. I believe these good habits make me healthy and energetic.
What about your daily life habits I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua

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