资源简介

Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors
92
B
1. On clear nights, you can see them shining in the sky.（stars）
在晴朗的夜晚，你可以看到它们在天空中闪耀。（星星）
2. It is much smaller than the earth and goes around the earth once about every 27 days.
（Moon）
它比地球小得多，大约每 27 天绕地球一周。（月球）
3. It is the largest and brightest object in the solar system and gives us light and warmth.
（Sun）
它是太阳系中最大、最亮的天体，给我们带来光和热。（太阳）
4. It sends satellites and people into space, and it is one of the most important tools for
exploring the solar system.（rocket）
它将卫星和人送入太空，是探索太阳系最重要的工具之一。（火箭）
5. There are eight of them in the solar system, and they all go around the sun.（planets）
太阳系中有八颗这样的天体，它们都绕着太阳转。（行星）
6. They move around another body in space and can be natural or man - made.（satellites）
它们绕太空中的另一个天体运行，有自然的也有人造的。（卫星）
7. It is a natural satellite of the sun and the only home to animals and plants in space.
（Earth）
它是太阳的天然卫星，是太空中唯一有动植物生存的家园。（地球）
8. It is the whole body of things, and no one knows how wide it is.（universe）
它是万物的整体，没有人知道它有多广阔。（宇宙）
C
1. What do you know about the sun
你对太阳了解多少？
2. It is the largest and brightest object in the solar system and gives us light and warmth.
它是太阳系中最大、最亮的天体，给我们带来光和热。
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Listening & Speaking Activity 2
1. The sun is at the center of the solar system.
太阳位于太阳系的中心。
2. It is about 4.5 billion years old and 150 million kilometers away from earth.
它大约有 45 亿年的历史，距离地球 1.5 亿公里。
3. The temperature at the sun’s surface is about 5526.85 °C.
太阳表面的温度约为 5526.85 摄氏度。
4. The sun provides energy, light and heat for the earth.
太阳为地球提供能量、光和热。
5. According to scientists, in about 3.5 billion years from now, the sun will be 40% brighter
than it is today, and it will get bigger and bigger.
据科学家称，大约 35 亿年后，太阳将比现在亮 40%，而且会变得越来越大。
6. In about 4.5 billion years, the sun will turn into a huge red ball and then die by breaking
into small pieces.
大约 45 亿年后，太阳将变成一个巨大的红球，然后碎裂成小块而消亡。
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Activity 3
1. Kangkang: Guys, come and watch the stars!
康康：伙计们，来看看星星吧！
2. They look so clear.
它们看起来好清晰。
3. Meimei: Wow, there are so many stars!
梅梅：哇，有好多星星啊！
4. And some of them shine brighter than others.
而且有些星星比其他星星亮。
5. Xiao Ya: Look at the brightest ones.
小雅：看看那些最亮的。
6. Are they the Big Dipper and the North Star
它们是北斗七星和北极星吗？
7. Kangkang: Yes, they are.
康康：是的，它们是。
8. The Big Dipper looks like a spoon.
北斗七星看起来像一把勺子。
9. Follow the two stars on the right, you can find the North Star.
沿着右边的两颗星找，你就能找到北极星。
10. Lingling: Many stars are far, far away.
玲玲：很多星星都非常非常遥远。
11. Let me see more through the telescope.
让我通过望远镜多看一些。
12. Meimei: What can you see, Lingling
梅梅：玲玲，你能看到什么？
13. Lingling: Some stars are white, some are blue and some are yellow…
玲玲：有些星星是白色的，有些是蓝色的，还有一些是黄色的……
14. Xiao Ya: Let me have a look …
小雅：让我看看……
15. I see red stars.
我看到红色的星星了。
16. How amazing!
太神奇了！
17. Meimei: One star never appears at night.
梅梅：有一颗星星从不在晚上出现。
18. Do you know what it is
你知道它是什么吗？
19. Kangkang: Ha! I know.
康康：哈！我知道。
20. It’s the sun.
它是太阳。
21. It’s our daytime star.
它是我们白天的星星。
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Activity 2
1. In the solar system, the Sun is in the center, and eight planets go around it.
在太阳系中，太阳位于中心，八颗行星绕着它运行。
2. Asteroid Belt separates the planets into two groups — the inner planets and the outer
planets.
小行星带将行星分为两组——内行星和外行星。
3. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
内行星有水星、金星、地球和火星。
4. They are closer to the Sun.
它们离太阳更近。
5. The outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
外行星包括木星、土星、天王星和海王星。
6. They are farther away.
它们离太阳更远。
7. The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks and soil, while the outer planets are
larger and made of gas with rocks inside.
内行星较小，由岩石和土壤构成，而外行星较大，由气体构成，内部有岩石。
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Activity 1
1. Why is the sun so important
为什么太阳如此重要？
2. There are at least two reasons:
至少有两个原因：
3. It keeps the planets in the solar system.
它使行星保持在太阳系中。
4. The sun is the biggest object in the system.
太阳是太阳系中最大的天体。
5. It has the power to keep all the planets moving around it.
它有力量使所有行星都绕着它运行。
6. It gives heat and light to the earth.
它给地球提供热量和光。
7. The heat gives the just right temperature to the living things on the earth.
这种热量为地球上的生物提供了适宜的温度。
8. The light is important for people and animals to get energy, and plants need the light to
grow.
光对人和动物获取能量很重要，植物也需要光来生长。
Activity 3
1. The earth is our only home planet.
地球是我们唯一的家园行星。
2. It is neither too close nor too far from the sun.
它离太阳既不太远也不太近。
3. This helps the earth get enough light and heat from the sun.
这有助于地球从太阳获得足够的光和热。
4. The earth is large, and it can hold the right type of air around it.
地球很大，它能在自身周围保持适宜的空气。
5. Besides, there is plenty of water as well as some dry land on the surface of the earth.
此外，地球表面有大量的水和一些旱地。
6. With water and land, people can live and grow food on the earth.
有了水和土地，人们就能在地球上生活和种植粮食。
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Activity 2
1. When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars.
当你在夜晚仰望天空时，你能看到许多星星。
2. But do you know the Sun is a star too
但你知道太阳也是一颗恒星吗？
3. Yes, it is the only one in the solar system.
是的，它是太阳系中唯一的恒星。
4. As a star, the sun has eight planets around it, and Earth is one of them.
作为一颗恒星，太阳周围有八颗行星，地球是其中之一。
5. Among the eight planets, Earth is a middle - sized one, with a diameter of around 13,000
kilometers.
在这八颗行星中，地球是中等大小的，直径约为 13000 公里。
6. Three of the planets are smaller than Earth.
其中三颗行星比地球小。
7. They are Mercury, Venus and Mars.
它们是水星、金星和火星。
8. The other four planets are larger.
另外四颗行星更大。
9. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
它们是木星、土星、天王星和海王星。
10. In the solar system, Jupiter is the largest planet, with a diameter of about 140,000
kilometers.
在太阳系中，木星是最大的行星，直径约为 140000 公里。
11. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, at a distance of about 58 million kilometers,
while Neptune is the farthest, at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers.
水星是离太阳最近的行星，距离约为 5800 万公里，而海王星是最远的，距离约为 45 亿公里。
12. As for Earth, it is the third closest, closer than Mars but farther away than Venus and
Mercury.
至于地球，它是第三近的，比火星近，但比金星和水星远。
13. Mercury and Venus are much hotter than Earth, while Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune are
much colder.
水星和金星比地球热得多，而木星、天王星和海王星则冷得多。
14. For example, the temperature on Neptune is around minus 200°C.
例如，海王星上的温度约为零下 200 摄氏度。
15. No living things can survive on these planets.
这些行星上没有生物能生存。
16. As our home, Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.
作为我们的家园，地球充满了生命，因为它既不太热也不太冷。
17. Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature.
火星在大小和温度上与地球更相似。
18. And there’s also ice there!
而且那里还有冰！
19. So scientists are looking for life on Mars.
所以科学家们正在火星上寻找生命。
20. Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones.
除了这八颗行星，还有许多其他较小的天体。
21. Together, they make up the amazing solar system.
它们共同构成了这个神奇的太阳系。
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Activity 3
1. Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun.
金星和水星是离太阳最近的两颗行星。
2. Because of its closeness to the Sun and its smallness in size, Mercury is difficult for us to
see on Earth.
由于水星离太阳近且体积小，我们在地球上很难看到它。
3. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its brightness and it’s beautiful.
另一方面，金星以其亮度和美丽而闻名。
4. People can see it at night on Earth.
人们在地球上的夜晚能看到它。
5. Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to
- 173 °C at night.
金星是最热的行星，而水星表面的温度在夜间会降至零下 173 摄氏度。
6. Its coldness is due to its thin air.
它的寒冷是由于其稀薄的空气。
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Activity 3
1. The Death Valley is known as the hottest place on the earth and the driest place in
North America.
死亡谷被认为是地球上最热的地方，也是北美的最干旱之地。
2. In 1913, the highest air temperature of 134°F (56.7°C) reached a record here.
1913 年，这里创下了 134 华氏度（56.7 摄氏度）的最高气温纪录。
3. In summer, the average rainfall in the Death Valley is less than 5cm.
夏天，死亡谷的平均降雨量不到 5 厘米。
4. But winter and spring are wetter and the weather is more comfortable.
但冬春两季更湿润，天气也更舒适。
5. Higher places are cooler than the lower areas in the valley.
山谷中地势较高的地方比地势较低的地方更凉爽。
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Oral Communication Activity 1
1. Dear Xiaozhe,
亲爱的小哲：
2. How are you doing on Jupiter
你在木星上过得怎么样？
3. I arrived on Mars with my parents last week.
我上周和父母到达了火星。
4. There is no air here, so we have to produce some by ourselves.
这里没有空气，所以我们必须自己制造一些。
5. Mars is colder than Earth and the Sun rises from the east.
火星比地球冷，太阳从东方升起。
6. There is a wonderful view of two small moons in the sky at night.
晚上天空中有两颗小卫星，景色很美。
7. There are 25 hours a day on Mars.
火星上一天有 25 小时。
8. Yesterday, I went to the National Park in Olympus Mons with my classmates.
昨天，我和同学们去了奥林匹斯山国家公园。
9. It’s one of the largest mountains in the solar system.
它是太阳系中最大的山脉之一。
10. Everyone has a small spacecraft to get around on Mars.
每个人都有一艘小型宇宙飞船在火星上出行。
11. Last night, I was designing my own spacecraft.
昨晚，我在设计自己的宇宙飞船。
12. I hope I can explore the whole universe one day.
我希望有一天能探索整个宇宙。
13. Tell me something interesting about your experiences on Jupiter.
告诉我一些你在木星上的有趣经历。
14. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
我期待着很快收到你的来信。
15. Best,
顺祝安好，
16. Kangkang
康康
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Activity 2
Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars
1. Is there any life in outer space
外太空有生命吗？
2. We may think of the same planet—Mars.
我们可能会想到同一颗行星——火星。
3. Mars is smaller than Earth.
火星比地球小。
4. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers and Earth’ s diameter is around 13,000
kilometers.
它的直径约为 6800 公里，而地球的直径约为 13000 公里。
5. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its
oceans.
火星因为其红色的土壤而看起来是红色的，而地球的大部分地区因为其海洋而看起来是蓝色的。
6. As a neighbor planet, Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth.
作为邻近行星，火星比地球离太阳更远。
7. Mars is 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, while Earth is 150 million kilometers
away.
火星距离太阳 2.28 亿公里，而地球距离太阳 1.5 亿公里。
8. That is why Mars is colder than Earth.
这就是火星比地球冷的原因。
9. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C; here on Earth, the temperature is about
14°C on average.
火星上的温度约为零下 63 摄氏度；而在地球上，平均温度约为 14 摄氏度。
10. Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—
water.
尽管这两颗行星有很多不同之处，但它们有一个共同点——水。
11. On Mars, there’s a lot of ice under the ground; On Earth, we have water both on and
under the ground.
在火星上，地下有很多冰；在地球上，我们在地面上和地下都有水。
12. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
火星在等待我们去探索，宇宙也是如此。
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Review Activity 1
1. Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland, on February 19th, 1473.
尼古拉· 哥白尼于 1473 年 2 月 19 日出生在波兰。
2. Copernicus studied in Poland and later in Italy.
哥白尼在波兰学习，后来在意大利学习。
3. He studied some subjects and then became an officer in a Roman church.
他学习了一些课程，后来成为了罗马教会的一名官员。
4. In his spare time, Copernicus liked to watch the sky.
在他的业余时间，哥白尼喜欢观察天空。
5. He put forward many ideas about the solar system.
他提出了许多关于太阳系的观点。
6. For example, the earth and other planets travel around the sun.
例如，地球和其他行星绕太阳运行。
7. And the earth is not the center of the universe.
而且地球不是宇宙的中心。
8. At that time, people didn’t believe him.
那时，人们不相信他。
9. They thought Copernicus was crazy.
他们认为哥白尼疯了。
10. Copernicus published his ideas in a book in 1543, but his book didn’t change people’
s view about the universe.
1543 年，哥白尼在一本书中发表了他的观点，但他的书并没有改变人们对宇宙的看法。
11. However, until about sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas right.
然而，直到大约 60 年后，科学家们才证明他的观点是正确的。
Activity 2
1. A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way.
银河系的中心有一个黑洞。
2. It is one of the strangest and amazing things in the universe.
它是宇宙中最奇特、最令人惊叹的事物之一。
3. Nothing around a black hole can run away, not even light.
黑洞周围的任何东西都无法逃脱，即使是光也不行。
4. Comets are members of the solar system.
彗星是太阳系的成员。
5. They look like snowballs traveling around the sun.
它们看起来像绕太阳运行的雪球。
6. When comets are getting closer to the sun, they will become much hotter and leave
pieces of ice and rocks behind them.
当彗星离太阳越来越近时，它们会变得热得多，并在身后留下冰块和岩石碎片。
7. It is called a comet’s tail.
这被称为彗尾。
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Activity 4
1. Pluto is a special planet.
冥王星是一颗特殊的行星。
2. It travels around the Sun.
它绕太阳运行。
3. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.
冥王星绕太阳一周大约需要 248 个地球年。
4. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930.
克莱德· 汤博于 1930 年发现了冥王星。
5. Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth.
冥王星距离太阳的距离大约是地球的 40 倍。
6. It has five small satellites (moons).
它有五颗小卫星（月球）。
7. To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly
close to it.
为了更好地观察这颗行星及其卫星，科学家们发射了一艘宇宙飞船靠近它。
8. The spaceship took many pictures.
宇宙飞船拍了很多照片。
9. Scientists put the pictures together and learned more about Pluto.
科学家们把这些照片整理起来，对冥王星有了更多的了解。
10. There is no air on the planet.
这颗行星上没有空气。
11. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow.
这颗行星上非常冷，空气会冻结成类似雪的东西。
12. Without air, human beings can’t live on the planet.
没有空气，人类无法在这颗行星上生存。

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