资源简介

(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
　(语法项目——主谓一致(1))
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 　　It is reported that mudslides have occurred① in the southwest area.Dr Zhang, along with many nurses, has been sent② to the area to help the wounded.More than one measure has been taken③ to improve the medical quality.Dr Zhang, as well as many doctors from all over the world, consults④ every afternoon.Fortunately, the results of the exam show that all the patients have made⑤ great progress.
续表
悟语法 ①主语是mudslides，谓语动词用复数；
②along with连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致；
③主语是More than one＋n.，谓语动词用单数；
④as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致；
⑤主语是all the patients，谓语动词用复数。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、定义　
主谓一致是指英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
1．语法一致原则
即在语法形式上保持一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance.
帮助下一代有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的。
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
我们期待着这个项目能给这里的人们带来的益处和乐趣。
2．意义一致原则
即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。当主语形式为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；当主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.
全球只有9%的塑料废料被回收利用。
3．就近一致原则
即谓语动词的人称和数常常与邻近的主语保持一致。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生们也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集体名词作主语的用法　
1．有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式，比如cattle, people, police, clothes, majority (多数人), minority (少数人)等。
My clothes were soaked.
我的衣服都湿透了。
Too few people are interested in such music nowadays.
如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2．有的集体名词作主语时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；强调集体中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family, class, enemy, crew, team, crowd, company, group, government, audience, (the) youth等。
①The team is built around a core group of players.
这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。(此句将team视为整体，作单数看待)
②The team are just not doing their stuff.
这个队的队员根本没有使出自己的本事。(此句中的team强调团队的个体成员，而非团队这一整体，因此作复数看待)
3．有的集体名词表示一类东西的总称，作主语时谓语动词只能用单数形式，如 baggage, clothing, furniture, machinery, equipment, jewellery, poetry等。
All baggage has to be examined.
所有的行李都必须检查。
Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang Dynasty.
诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
means
②(2023·浙江1月高考)Citizens of higher social classes ______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
③(2022·全国乙卷)A doctor tells me people who ______(live) the longest are dancers and cyclists.
④The whole class _______(be) now listening to the teacher attentively.
were permitted
live
are
⑤(2022·全国甲卷)He showed me how his medical instruments _______(be) used.
were
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Mary's family ①_____ (be) very big and the whole family ②_____ (want) to travel.One day, when they arrived at the seaside, they suddenly found that their luggage was not found, so they had to ask the police for help.The police answered the phone, and ③_______ (be) anxious to find the luggage.The luggage had many useful things in it.Among them, Mary's jewellery ④______ (be) the most valuable, because it was a birthday gift from her parents.
is
want
were
was
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．_______________　　　　 在远处
2．_______________ 被……迷住
3．_________________ 待在地下室里
4．____________ 想起
in the distance
be fascinated by
stay in the basement
think about
5．feel sad for _________________
6．go to the front __________
7．become known as _________________________
8．cherish the peace __________
为……感到难过
去前线
作为……而闻名；被称为
珍惜和平
√
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1. How old was Gao Li when the bombing started
A．Three years old.
B．Eight years old.
C．Eleven years old.
√
2．Which day is the most terrible to Gao Li
A．September 1st, 1938.
B．June 5th, 1941.
C．August 5th, 1943.
√
3．How many people were killed on that day
A．Over 4,000.
B．About 5,000.
C．Around 960,000.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．I was only eight years old _________________________in the year 1938, and the first bombs fell a long way away from our house.
2．That _________________for a child!
3．We waited for five hours_________________________.
when the bombing started
must be terrible
until the bombing stopped
4．_______________Chongqing became known as the “city of heroes”．
5．It gives us an opportunity to mourn____________, and reminds us to cherish the peace________________.
It's no wonder
those we lost
we enjoy today
强化训练 “在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What time does Star Wars start
A．At 7：00 pm.　　　B．At 9：00 pm.
C．At 2：00 pm.
√
2．What do we know about the man
A．He went to London during World War Ⅱ.
B．He has been to several European cities.
C．He has flown a lot.
√
3．What is the woman doing
A．Making a complaint.
B．Reporting on her work.
C．Admitting a mistake.
√
4．What do we know about the man
A．He is a student.
B．He is a soldier.
C．He is a job hunter.
√
5．How does the woman know about the Second World War
A．She experienced it.
B．She saw a film about it.
C．She played a game about it.
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What do we know about War Horse
A．It's an action movie.
B．It doesn't win any awards.
C．It's a sad movie.
√
7．Why does the man enjoy action movies
A．He is an action star.
B．They are very exciting.
C．They have a great story.
√
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did Clara do during the Civil War
A．She joined the army.
B．She urged to stop the war.
C．She helped the wounded.
√
9．What did Clara do after the Civil War
A．She collected money to help the wounded.
B．She considered setting up the American Red Cross.
C．She led a group to search for missing soldiers.
√
10．When did Clara return from Switzerland
A．In 1873.　　　
B．In 1869.　　
C．In 1881.
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Hello, Cathy.There is a really good film Star Wars on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening
W：That would be great.What time does it start
M：①At 7：00 pm.Would you like to go for a drink first
W：Yes, fine.
(Text 2)
W：Hello, sir.I think you'll have a wonderful time in London.It's beautiful, and is this your first time abroad
M：②No, I saw quite a bit of Europe before, Rome, Berlin, Paris, places like that, but I've never been to London.
W：Oh, then you have flown before too.
M：No, that was during the Second World War and I went to Europe on a large ship carrying soldiers.
(Text 3)
M：Take a seat, Kate.What is it
W：Hey, Mr Smith! Could you talk to Frank sometime
M：What seems to be the problem
W：Well, ①it's just that Frank likes to use the speaker to play music loud during our lunch break. It kind of disturbs my rest.
M：I see.But why don't you tell him that yourself
W：Well, I just feel a little embarrassed ...
M：Don't be.Frank is very easy going. Just talk to him.He'll make the change.
(Text 4)
W：④Hey Noah, what do you plan to do after you graduate from university
M：I'm going to the army.
W：Army
M：Yes, we have military service for four months. It used to be 11 months, but it's been shortened for those born after 1993.
W：I bet those four months will fly by quickly.
M：I sure hope so.
(Text 5)
M：Part of the public has a different thought about war. Some even think it is a game of some sort.
W：⑤Having lived through the Second World War, I know that war is a terrible thing. When I see films about it, I can remember the whole thing.
(Text 6)
W：Would you like to see War Horse or Tintin this weekend
M：I'd rather see War Horse. I read that it won a lot of awards.
W：⑥It sounds awesome, but it's also supposed to be really sad, so we'd better bring along some paper to dry our tears!
M：Maybe we should just see an action movie instead.
W：No, I don't really like action movies. I would rather see something with a good story.
M：I like action movies. ⑦They really get my heart rate going. I feel like I'm in the movie. I wish that I was an action star.
(Text 7)
Clara Barton was born on December 25th, 1821. ⑧When the Civil War began in 1861, she heard of stories of wounded soldiers. She felt she needed to do something to help them, so she urged people to donate bandages and medicine and delivered these supplies to the battlefield. ⑨Clara didn't stop helping when the war was over. She led a group to search for missing soldiers. This group also worked to identify soldiers killed or missing. After four years of this work, Clara moved to Switzerland, where she first learned about a group called the Red Cross.
This group worked to help people who were suffering during times of war. ⑩In 1873, Clara returned to the United States. In 1881 she started an American branch of the Red Cross. She served as its first president for over 20 years. As the result of Clara's hard work and leadership, the Red Cross grew. Today, it also helps people suffering as a result of earthquakes, fires, floods, and other disasters. Clara Barton died on April 12, 1912, but her great contribution, the American Red Cross, lives on.
二、口语交际训练
背景：电影俱乐部；Max正与刚认识的新同学Susan聊天……
Max：Wow, ①___________________________________ (这个关于战争的故事确实很吸引人)．There is so much for us to learn ...uh ...what's your name
this story about war is indeed attractive
Susan：Susan. Susan Dawes.You really don't know who I am
②_____________________________ (历史课上你坐在我后面)．
Max：Oh! Yeah ... you're right. I guess I'm just used to looking at the back of your head ...not your face.
Susan：Are you OK You're so nervous.
You sit behind me in history class
Max：I'm sorry for my strange behaviour.I don't know ③______
___________________________________ (为什么我假装不知道你是谁)．I just didn't know how to start the conversation.
Susan：That's OK.It's refreshing to talk to somebody who is actually honest for once.So, ④_______________________ (你喜欢这个战争故事吗)
why I
pretended I didn't know who you were
do you like this war story
Max：Not really.I like the story ⑤________________________ (充满幸福与安宁), while the story of war is too cruel, and many people suffered too much pain.⑥________________________________ (听到这样悲伤的故事我很难过)．
Susan：I totally agree! I thought I was the only one!
full of happiness and peace
I am sorry to hear such a sad story
|多积主题表达|
1．break out　　　　　　　 爆发
2．shortage of ... 缺乏……
3．the symbol of ... ……的象征
4．be occupied by 被……占领
5．a sense of commitment 献身意识
6．the fiercest fighting 最激烈的战斗
7．bring sufferings and immense challenges
带来痛苦和巨大的挑战
8．I hope that all the people in the world will live in peace.
我希望世界上所有的人都和平相处。
9．They set up a monument in memory of those to whose death the war led.
他们建立了一座纪念碑以纪念那些因战争而死的人。
10．Their courageous spirit pulled them through the darkest days of the war.
他们勇敢的精神使他们熬过了战争中最黑暗的日子。
11.It was evident that they suffered great economic loss as a result of the war.
显然，由于战争他们遭受了巨大的经济损失。
12．The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was two decades before they got together.
那场战争使这家人流落到世界各地，直到二十年后他们才相聚。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions.
中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为联合国维和行动培训了8 000名待命士兵。
★on standby待命；待命状态；严阵以待
[用法感知]
①The emergency services were put on standby after an earthquake warning.
接到地震警报后，各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。
②Canned varieties of beans and peas are a good standby.各种豆类罐装食品是很好的备用食品。
[归纳点拨]
(1)standby n．　　　　　 后备人员；备用物品
(2)put ...on standby 使……严阵以待/待命
keep (...) on standby (使……)保持严阵以待/待命
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③We've kept the old car as ________standby in case the new one breaks.
④Five ambulances are _______standby at the port.
a
on
⑤Doctors and nurses _______________________，ready to rush to the disaster area at any time.
医生和护士已处于待命状态，随时准备奔赴灾区。
have been put on standby
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight, my men，” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win, or we will die.”
They were all very tired so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, also fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they went up the hill. Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a minute, they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard, but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people liked it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。几百年前，在苏格兰人抵御罗马军队入侵的战斗中，一种叫蓟的植物在关键时刻帮助苏格兰人击败了罗马军队。
1．At first it looked as if the Romans would win because .
A．the Scots were not brave
B．the Roman army was so strong
C．the Scots did not have a good leader
D．the Romans had the support from the Scottish
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句可知，起初似乎罗马人要胜利了，因为罗马军队士兵非常多，看起来很强大。
√
√
2．“We must win, or we will die.” What the leader of the Scots said means .
A．they were sure to win
B．they couldn't escape from death
C．they would win and then they would die
D．they must try hard to win, otherwise they would be killed
解析：词句猜测题。结合上下文可知，此处or表示“否则”。因此，“We must win, or we will die.” 意为“我们必须破釜沉舟，背水一战，否则我们就会被敌人消灭”。
√
3．The Scots were waken because .
A．they were too tired to sleep well
B．one of the guards pretended to sleep
C．one of the Romans stepped on a thistle and let out a cry
D．the Romans got too close and they discovered them
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Suddenly, one of them ... woke the Scots.”可知，苏格兰人醒来是因为一个罗马士兵踩到蓟，喊出声来，惊醒了他们。
√
4．The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle .
A．is lovely, though not beautiful
B．gave them happiness
C．is a kind of useful plant
D．helped them in wiping out the Romans
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段最后一句可知，因为蓟帮助苏格兰人打败了罗马人，所以他们把蓟定为国花。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
—Eleanor Roosevelt
My hometown was a place of great beauty and agricultural richness, as well as a place of war and natural disasters. When I was only fourteen years old, I was filled with 5 in spite of the terrible surroundings. The families living here, who tried to make their living from the land, 6 great losses.
I felt sorry especially for the children, but I 7 to be hopeless. I decided wherever I was, I would do 8 to help them. I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who 9 the door, “I know that you are 10 and give the birds that come to your yard a little 11 . Please consider me your bird. Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your 12 . I will take it to the place where it can be given to the 13 children.”
No one seemed to 14 giving me a handful of rice, even when they had little themselves. On Sunday, I would 15 my handfuls of rice to the children.
One day, I came to a house where an old lady lived. I told my story and asked if I could be her bird. The woman called her daughters, and 16 gave me fifty cents, as well as a handful of rice! I began to 17 change and rice from other “bird feeders”， and they gave them to me. Everyone was 18 to help those who were suffering, even only in this small way. “Consider me your bird.” My childish idea didn't stop the war, but anyway, it was 19 some peace.
√
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己为家乡饱受战争和自然灾害困扰的孩子做出的一件善举。这一善举在一定程度上减少了灾难带来的创伤。
5．A.sorrow　　　　　　　　 B．hope
C．comfort D．kindness
解析：根据下文“in spite of the terrible surroundings”可知，前后是让步转折关系，尽管处于恶劣的环境中，作者依然充满希望(hope)。此处与第一段中的“The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”相呼应。
√
6．A.suffered B．survived
C．covered D．made
解析：根据上文“terrible surroundings”和下文“great losses”可知，此处指靠土地谋生的人们遭受(suffered)了很多损失。
√
7．A.wanted B．failed
C．refused D．stopped
解析：根据下文“I decided wherever I was, I would do to help them.”可知，作者决定帮助孩子们，这表明作者虽然感到难过，但拒绝(refused)绝望。转折词but是提示词。
√
8．A.something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
解析：根据语境和下文“to help them”可知，作者想做些事帮助那些孩子们。此处表示肯定，用something。
√
9．A.locked B．replied
C．shut D．answered
解析：根据上文“knocking on every door and saying to each person who”可知，作者向每一个应门的人发出请求。answer the door“开门，应门”，符合文意。
√
10．A.wise B．kind
C．rich D．poor
解析：根据下文“and give the birds that come to your yard a little”可知，前后是顺承关系，能给鸟儿喂一些米粒的人是善良的(kind)。
√
11．A.soil B．water
C．stone D．rice
解析：下文中的“Give me only a handful of rice”是提示。此处表示给鸟儿一些米粒(rice)。
√
12．A.country B．room
C．door D．garden
解析：根据上文中的“I began knocking on every door”可知，此处是指来到门前。
√
13．A.brave B．hungry
C．promising D．nervous
解析：根据常识和上文中的“I decided wherever I was, I would do to help them.”可知，作者筹集米是为了给有需要的孩子，所以应该是把大米送给饥饿的(hungry)孩子。
√
14．A.mind B．consider
C．avoid D．enjoy
解析：后面的even表示递进关系，所以此处表示“即使人们自己没有多少米，也不介意给作者一把米”。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”。
√
15．A.clear away B．put away
C．take away D．give away
解析：结合上文“I decided wherever I was, I would do to help them.”可知，作者决定帮助孩子们，所以此处指把要到的米分给孩子们。give away“分发”。
√
16．A.every B．each
C．neither D．none
解析：根据上文“The woman called her daughters”可知，此处指这位女士把她的女儿们叫来，她们每人给作者五十美分以及一把米。every只能作形容词，不能单独使用；each既可以作形容词，也可以作代词。所以此处用each作主语。
√
17．A.apply for B．pay for
C．ask for D．answer for
解析：结合上文可知，作者把自己比作鸟儿，向人们要来大米分给有需要的孩子；下文“and they gave them to me”说明作者开始向其他的“喂鸟者”要零钱和米。ask for和give ...to相对。
√
18．A.glad B．sad
C．upset D．worried
解析：根据上文中的“No one seemed to giving me a handful of rice, even when they had little themselves”可知，人们都很愿意(glad)给作者一把大米，帮助遭受苦难的人们。
√
19．A.creating B．mending
C．disturbing D．managing
解析：根据上文中的“but anyway”可知，此处表示转折。作者的善意行为虽然不能阻止战争，但是在某种程度上创造(creating)了和平。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Henry Norman Bethune was a great Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a 1 (determine) to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After 2 (graduate) from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them 3 (much) useful. He is known best for his service during the World War Ⅱ.
In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. 4 the difficult situation Dr. Bethune did whatever he could 5 (assist) the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals, 6 (teach) doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. He is respected as 7 unique personality in the history of medicine, owing to the materialization of the concept of “mobile medical unit”.
Some of the surgical tools developed by him 8 (use) in surgeries even now. 9 (sad), Dr. Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr. Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in 10 he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了白求恩对医学和对中国的贡献和帮助，以及中国对白求恩的怀念和赞扬。
1．determination　考查名词。根据介词with和不定冠词a可知，用单数名词determination作宾语。
2．graduating/graduation　考查非谓语动词或名词。介词after后应用动名词或名词作宾语。
3．more　考查形容词比较级。由上文“He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments”可知，重新发明或设计的10多种医疗器械应该更好用，故用形容词比较级more useful作宾补。
4．Despite　考查介词。由下文“the difficult situation”和“(assist) the Chinese people”可知，前后构成让步转折关系。空格后是名词短语，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”，位于句首，首字母应大写。
5．to assist　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．taught　考查动词的时态。teach和helped，showed (一般过去时)是并列谓语动词，所以teach也用一般过去时。
7．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个独特的人物”，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
8．are used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语now可知，时态应用一般现在时，又因主语Some of the surgical tools和谓语动词use是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Some of the surgical tools是复数形式，因此谓语应用复数形式。
9．Sadly　考查副词。副词sadly作状语，修饰后面的整个句子，位于句首，首字母应大写。
10．which　考查定语从句。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是an article，指物，在从句中做介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。1 / 7
Section Ⅲ　Using language
语法项目——主谓一致(1)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 　　It is reported that mudslides have occurred① in the southwest area.Dr Zhang, along with many nurses, has been sent② to the area to help the wounded.More than one measure has been taken③ to improve the medical quality.Dr Zhang, as well as many doctors from all over the world, consults④ every afternoon.Fortunately, the results of the exam show that all the patients have made⑤ great progress.
悟语法 ①主语是mudslides，谓语动词用复数；②along with连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致；③主语是More than one＋n.，谓语动词用单数；④as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致；⑤主语是all the patients，谓语动词用复数。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、定义　
主谓一致是指英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
1．语法一致原则
即在语法形式上保持一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance.
帮助下一代有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的。
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
我们期待着这个项目能给这里的人们带来的益处和乐趣。
2．意义一致原则
即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。当主语形式为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；当主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.
全球只有9%的塑料废料被回收利用。
3．就近一致原则
即谓语动词的人称和数常常与邻近的主语保持一致。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生们也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集体名词作主语的用法　
1．有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式，比如cattle, people, police, clothes, majority (多数人), minority (少数人)等。
My clothes were soaked.我的衣服都湿透了。
Too few people are interested in such music nowadays.如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2．有的集体名词作主语时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；强调集体中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family, class, enemy, crew, team, crowd, company, group, government, audience, (the) youth等。
①The team is built around a core group of players.这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。(此句将team视为整体，作单数看待)
②The team are just not doing their stuff.
这个队的队员根本没有使出自己的本事。(此句中的team强调团队的个体成员，而非团队这一整体，因此作复数看待)
3．有的集体名词表示一类东西的总称，作主语时谓语动词只能用单数形式，如 baggage, clothing, furniture, machinery, equipment, jewellery, poetry等。
All baggage has to be examined.
所有的行李都必须检查。
Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang Dynasty.诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, __________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
②(2023·浙江1月高考)Citizens of higher social classes ______________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
③(2022·全国乙卷)A doctor tells me people who __________ (live) the longest are dancers and cyclists.
④The whole class ______________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.
⑤(2022·全国甲卷)He showed me how his medical instruments ___________ (be) used.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Mary's family ①__________ (be) very big and the whole family ②__________ (want) to travel.One day, when they arrived at the seaside, they suddenly found that their luggage was not found, so they had to ask the police for help.The police answered the phone, and ③________ (be) anxious to find the luggage.The luggage had many useful things in it.Among them, Mary's jewellery ④__________ (be) the most valuable, because it was a birthday gift from her parents.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________　　　　 在远处
2．______________ 被……迷住
3．______________ 待在地下室里
4．______________ 想起
5．feel sad for ____________
6．go to the front ____________
7．become known as ____________
8．cherish the peace ____________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1. How old was Gao Li when the bombing started？(　　)
A．Three years old.
B．Eight years old.
C．Eleven years old.
2．Which day is the most terrible to Gao Li？(　　)
A．September 1st, 1938.
B．June 5th, 1941.
C．August 5th, 1943.
3．How many people were killed on that day？(　　)
A．Over 4,000.
B．About 5,000.
C．Around 960,000.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．I was only eight years old __________________________ in the year 1938, and the first bombs fell a long way away from our house.
2．That ______________________________________________________________ for a child!
3．We waited for five hours ________________________________________________________________________.
4．______________________ Chongqing became known as the “city of heroes”．
5．It gives us an opportunity to mourn __________________， and reminds us to cherish the peace ______________________.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What time does Star Wars start？(　　)
A．At 7：00 pm.
B．At 9：00 pm.
C．At 2：00 pm.
2．What do we know about the man？(　　)
A．He went to London during World War Ⅱ.
B．He has been to several European cities.
C．He has flown a lot.
3．What is the woman doing？(　　)
A．Making a complaint.
B．Reporting on her work.
C．Admitting a mistake.
4．What do we know about the man？(　　)
A．He is a student.
B．He is a soldier.
C．He is a job hunter.
5．How does the woman know about the Second World War？(　　)
A．She experienced it.
B．She saw a film about it.
C．She played a game about it.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What do we know about War Horse？(　　)
A．It's an action movie.
B．It doesn't win any awards.
C．It's a sad movie.
7．Why does the man enjoy action movies？(　　)
A．He is an action star.
B．They are very exciting.
C．They have a great story.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did Clara do during the Civil War？(　　)
A．She joined the army.
B．She urged to stop the war.
C．She helped the wounded.
9．What did Clara do after the Civil War？(　　)
A．She collected money to help the wounded.
B．She considered setting up the American Red Cross.
C．She led a group to search for missing soldiers.
10．When did Clara return from Switzerland？(　　)
A．In 1873.　　B．In 1869.　　C．In 1881.
二、口语交际训练
Max：Wow, ①________________________________________ (这个关于战争的故事确实很吸引人)．There is so much for us to learn ...uh ...what's your name
Susan：Susan. Susan Dawes.You really don't know who I am ②________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(历史课上你坐在我后面)．
Max：Oh! Yeah ... you're right. I guess I'm just used to looking at the back of your head ...not your face.
Susan：Are you OK You're so nervous.
Max：I'm sorry for my strange behaviour.I don't know ③____________________________________________ (为什么我假装不知道你是谁)．I just didn't know how to start the conversation.
Susan：That's OK.It's refreshing to talk to somebody who is actually honest for once.So, ④________________________ (你喜欢这个战争故事吗)
Max：Not really.I like the story ⑤________________________ (充满幸福与安宁), while the story of war is too cruel, and many people suffered too much pain.⑥________________________________ (听到这样悲伤的故事我很难过)．
Susan：I totally agree! I thought I was the only one!
|多积主题表达|
1．break out　　　　 　　 爆发
2．shortage of ... 缺乏……
3．the symbol of ... ……的象征
4．be occupied by 被……占领
5．a sense of commitment 献身意识
6．the fiercest fighting 最激烈的战斗
7．bring sufferings and immense challenges带来痛苦和巨大的挑战
8．I hope that all the people in the world will live in peace.
我希望世界上所有的人都和平相处。
9．They set up a monument in memory of those to whose death the war led.他们建立了一座纪念碑以纪念那些因战争而死的人。
10．Their courageous spirit pulled them through the darkest days of the war.他们勇敢的精神使他们熬过了战争中最黑暗的日子。
11．It was evident that they suffered great economic loss as a result of the war.
显然，由于战争他们遭受了巨大的经济损失。
12．The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was two decades before they got together.
那场战争使这家人流落到世界各地，直到二十年后他们才相聚。
China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions.
中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为联合国维和行动培训了8 000名待命士兵。
★on standby待命；待命状态；严阵以待
[用法感知]
①The emergency services were put on standby after an earthquake warning.
接到地震警报后，各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。
②Canned varieties of beans and peas are a good standby.
各种豆类罐装食品是很好的备用食品。
[归纳点拨]
(1)standby n．　　　　　 后备人员；备用物品
(2)put ...on standby 使……严阵以待/待命
keep (...) on standby (使……)保持严阵以待/待命
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③We've kept the old car as __________ standby in case the new one breaks.
④Five ambulances are __________ standby at the port.
⑤Doctors and nurses ________________________________，ready to rush to the disaster area at any time.
医生和护士已处于待命状态，随时准备奔赴灾区。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1　语法专区
慧学语法 　
二、[对点练]　①means　②were permitted　③live　④are　⑤were
活用语法 　
①is　②want　③were　④was
NO.2　听说专区
教材听力“三关过”　
一、1.in the distance　2.be fascinated by　3.stay in the basement
4．think about　5.为……感到难过　6.去前线
7．作为……而闻名；被称为　8.珍惜和平
二、1～3　BBA
三、1.when the bombing started　2.must be terrible
3．until the bombing stopped　4.It's no wonder
5．those we lost; we enjoy today
强化训练“在平时”　
一、1～5　ABAAA　6～10　CBCCA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Hello, Cathy.There is a really good film Star Wars on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening
W：That would be great.What time does it start
M：①At 7：00 pm.Would you like to go for a drink first
W：Yes, fine.
(Text 2)
W：Hello, sir.I think you'll have a wonderful time in London.It's beautiful, and is this your first time abroad
M：②No, I saw quite a bit of Europe before, Rome, Berlin, Paris, places like that, but I've never been to London.
W：Oh, then you have flown before too.
M：No, that was during the Second World War and I went to Europe on a large ship carrying soldiers.
(Text 3)
M：Take a seat, Kate.What is it
W：Hey, Mr Smith! Could you talk to Frank sometime
M：What seems to be the problem
W：Well, ①it's just that Frank likes to use the speaker to play music loud during our lunch break. It kind of disturbs my rest.
M：I see.But why don't you tell him that yourself
W：Well, I just feel a little embarrassed ...
M：Don't be.Frank is very easy going. Just talk to him.He'll make the change.
(Text 4)
W：④Hey Noah, what do you plan to do after you graduate from university
M：I'm going to the army.
W：Army
M：Yes, we have military service for four months. It used to be 11 months, but it's been shortened for those born after 1993.
W：I bet those four months will fly by quickly.
M：I sure hope so.
(Text 5)
M：Part of the public has a different thought about war. Some even think it is a game of some sort.
W：⑤Having lived through the Second World War, I know that war is a terrible thing. When I see films about it, I can remember the whole thing.
(Text 6)
W：Would you like to see War Horse or Tintin this weekend
M：I'd rather see War Horse. I read that it won a lot of awards.
W：⑥It sounds awesome, but it's also supposed to be really sad, so we'd better bring along some paper to dry our tears!
M：Maybe we should just see an action movie instead.
W：No, I don't really like action movies. I would rather see something with a good story.
M：I like action movies. ⑦They really get my heart rate going. I feel like I'm in the movie. I wish that I was an action star.
(Text 7)
Clara Barton was born on December 25th, 1821. ⑧When the Civil War began in 1861, she heard of stories of wounded soldiers. She felt she needed to do something to help them, so she urged people to donate bandages and medicine and delivered these supplies to the battlefield. ⑨Clara didn't stop helping when the war was over. She led a group to search for missing soldiers. This group also worked to identify soldiers killed or missing. After four years of this work, Clara moved to Switzerland, where she first learned about a group called the Red Cross. This group worked to help people who were suffering during times of war. ⑩In 1873, Clara returned to the United States. In 1881 she started an American branch of the Red Cross. She served as its first president for over 20 years. As the result of Clara's hard work and leadership, the Red Cross grew. Today, it also helps people suffering as a result of earthquakes, fires, floods, and other disasters. Clara Barton died on April 12, 1912, but her great contribution, the American Red Cross, lives on.
二、①this story about war is indeed attractive　②You sit behind me in history class　③why I pretended I didn't know who you were　④do you like this war story　⑤full of happiness and peace　⑥I am sorry to hear such a sad story
NO.3　新知学习
③a　④on　⑤have been put on standby1 / 3
UNIT 3　课时检测(三)　Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight, my men，” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win, or we will die.”
They were all very tired so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, also fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they went up the hill. Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a minute, they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard, but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people liked it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
1．At first it looked as if the Romans would win because ________.
A．the Scots were not brave
B．the Roman army was so strong
C．the Scots did not have a good leader
D．the Romans had the support from the Scottish
2．“We must win, or we will die.” What the leader of the Scots said means ________.
A．they were sure to win
B．they couldn't escape from death
C．they would win and then they would die
D．they must try hard to win, otherwise they would be killed
3．The Scots were waken because ________.
A．they were too tired to sleep well
B．one of the guards pretended to sleep
C．one of the Romans stepped on a thistle and let out a cry
D．the Romans got too close and they discovered them
4．The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ________.
A．is lovely, though not beautiful
B．gave them happiness
C．is a kind of useful plant
D．helped them in wiping out the Romans
Ⅱ.完形填空　
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
—Eleanor Roosevelt
My hometown was a place of great beauty and agricultural richness, as well as a place of war and natural disasters. When I was only fourteen years old, I was filled with __5__ in spite of the terrible surroundings. The families living here, who tried to make their living from the land, __6__ great losses.
I felt sorry especially for the children, but I __7__ to be hopeless. I decided wherever I was, I would do __8__ to help them. I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who __9__ the door, “I know that you are __10__ and give the birds that come to your yard a little __11__. Please consider me your bird. Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your __12__. I will take it to the place where it can be given to the __13__ children.”
No one seemed to __14__ giving me a handful of rice, even when they had little themselves. On Sunday, I would __15__ my handfuls of rice to the children.
One day, I came to a house where an old lady lived. I told my story and asked if I could be her bird. The woman called her daughters, and __16__ gave me fifty cents, as well as a handful of rice! I began to __17__ change and rice from other “bird feeders”， and they gave them to me. Everyone was __18__ to help those who were suffering, even only in this small way. “Consider me your bird.” My childish idea didn't stop the war, but anyway, it was __19__ some peace.
5.A.sorrow　　　　　　 B．hope
C．comfort D．kindness
6．A.suffered B．survived
C．covered D．made
7．A.wanted B．failed
C．refused D．stopped
8．A.something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
9．A.locked B．replied
C．shut D．answered
10．A.wise B．kind
C．rich D．poor
11．A.soil B．water
C．stone D．rice
12．A.country B．room
C．door D．garden
13．A.brave B．hungry
C．promising D．nervous
14．A.mind B．consider
C．avoid D．enjoy
15．A.clear away B．put away
C．take away D．give away
16．A.every B．each
C．neither D．none
17．A.apply for B．pay for
C．ask for D．answer for
18．A.glad B．sad
C．upset D．worried
19．A.creating B．mending
C．disturbing D．managing
Ⅲ.语法填空
Henry Norman Bethune was a great Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a __1__ (determine) to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After __2__ (graduate) from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them __3__ (much) useful. He is known best for his service during the World War Ⅱ.
In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. __4__ the difficult situation Dr. Bethune did whatever he could __5__ (assist) the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals, __6__ (teach) doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. He is respected as __7__ unique personality in the history of medicine, owing to the materialization of the concept of “mobile medical unit”. Some of the surgical tools developed by him __8__ (use) in surgeries even now. __9__ (sad), Dr. Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr. Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in __10__ he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
UNIT 3　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。几百年前，在苏格兰人抵御罗马军队入侵的战斗中，一种叫蓟的植物在关键时刻帮助苏格兰人击败了罗马军队。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句可知，起初似乎罗马人要胜利了，因为罗马军队士兵非常多，看起来很强大。
2．选D　词句猜测题。结合上下文可知，此处or表示“否则”。因此，“We must win, or we will die.” 意为“我们必须破釜沉舟，背水一战，否则我们就会被敌人消灭”。
3．选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Suddenly, one of them ... woke the Scots.”可知，苏格兰人醒来是因为一个罗马士兵踩到蓟，喊出声来，惊醒了他们。
4．选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段最后一句可知，因为蓟帮助苏格兰人打败了罗马人，所以他们把蓟定为国花。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己为家乡饱受战争和自然灾害困扰的孩子做出的一件善举。这一善举在一定程度上减少了灾难带来的创伤。
5．选B　根据下文“in spite of the terrible surroundings”可知，前后是让步转折关系，尽管处于恶劣的环境中，作者依然充满希望(hope)。此处与第一段中的“The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”相呼应。
6．选A　根据上文“terrible surroundings”和下文“great losses”可知，此处指靠土地谋生的人们遭受(suffered)了很多损失。
7．选C　根据下文“I decided wherever I was, I would do ______ to help them.”可知，作者决定帮助孩子们，这表明作者虽然感到难过，但拒绝(refused)绝望。转折词but是提示词。
8．选A　根据语境和下文“to help them”可知，作者想做些事帮助那些孩子们。此处表示肯定，用something。
9．选D　根据上文“knocking on every door and saying to each person who”可知，作者向每一个应门的人发出请求。answer the door“开门，应门”，符合文意。
10．选B　根据下文“and give the birds that come to your yard a little”可知，前后是顺承关系，能给鸟儿喂一些米粒的人是善良的(kind)。
11．选D　下文中的“Give me only a handful of rice”是提示。此处表示给鸟儿一些米粒(rice)。
12．选C　根据上文中的“I began knocking on every door”可知，此处是指来到门前。
13．选B　根据常识和上文中的“I decided wherever I was, I would do ________ to help them.”可知，作者筹集米是为了给有需要的孩子，所以应该是把大米送给饥饿的(hungry)孩子。
14．选A　后面的even表示递进关系，所以此处表示“即使人们自己没有多少米，也不介意给作者一把米”。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”。
15．选D　结合上文“I decided wherever I was, I would do ______ to help them.”可知，作者决定帮助孩子们，所以此处指把要到的米分给孩子们。give away“分发”。
16．选B　根据上文“The woman called her daughters”可知，此处指这位女士把她的女儿们叫来，她们每人给作者五十美分以及一把米。every只能作形容词，不能单独使用；each既可以作形容词，也可以作代词。所以此处用each作主语。
17．选C　结合上文可知，作者把自己比作鸟儿，向人们要来大米分给有需要的孩子；下文“and they gave them to me”说明作者开始向其他的“喂鸟者”要零钱和米。ask for和give ...to相对。
18．选A　根据上文中的“No one seemed to ________ giving me a handful of rice, even when they had little themselves”可知，人们都很愿意(glad)给作者一把大米，帮助遭受苦难的人们。
19．选A　根据上文中的“but anyway”可知，此处表示转折。作者的善意行为虽然不能阻止战争，但是在某种程度上创造(creating)了和平。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了白求恩对医学和对中国的贡献和帮助，以及中国对白求恩的怀念和赞扬。
1．determination　考查名词。根据介词with和不定冠词a可知，用单数名词determination作宾语。
2．graduating/graduation　考查非谓语动词或名词。介词after后应用动名词或名词作宾语。
3．more　考查形容词比较级。由上文“He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments”可知，重新发明或设计的10多种医疗器械应该更好用，故用形容词比较级more useful作宾补。
4．Despite　考查介词。由下文“the difficult situation”和“(assist) the Chinese people”可知，前后构成让步转折关系。空格后是名词短语，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”，位于句首，首字母应大写。
5．to assist　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．taught　考查动词的时态。teach和helped，showed (一般过去时)是并列谓语动词，所以teach也用一般过去时。
7．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个独特的人物”，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
8．are used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语now可知，时态应用一般现在时，又因主语Some of the surgical tools和谓语动词use是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Some of the surgical tools是复数形式，因此谓语应用复数形式。
9．Sadly　考查副词。副词sadly作状语，修饰后面的整个句子，位于句首，首字母应大写。
10．which　考查定语从句。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是an article，指物，在从句中做介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。

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