资源简介

(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
　(语法项目——非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 　 Romanticism was a cultural movement from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century①： they refused to follow rigid rules②； instead, they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past.Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and
续表
背美文 they were not always interested in the improvements in science. Instead, they advocated going back to nature③. As a result, celebrating the beauty of nature and country life④ became a common theme in Romantic poetry.
悟语法 ①动词不定式短语在句中作表语；
②动词不定式短语作refuse的宾语；
③动名词短语作advocate的宾语；
④动名词短语在句中作主语。
一、非谓语动词作主语
1．非谓语动词作主语的基本用法
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
形式 用法 主谓一致
动名词 动名词作主语常表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作。 单个的动名词或者动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
动词 不定式 动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。 Living in the city brings him lots of job chances.
住在城市给他带来很多工作机会。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习一门语言的一个好方法。
To ask her for help is necessary.
要求她帮忙是必要的。
2．it代替非谓语动词作形式主语
(1)it代替动名词作主语的常见句式：
It is a waste of time doing ... 做……是浪费时间的
It is no good/use doing ... 做……是没用的
It is worthwhile doing ... 做……是值得的
It is useless doing ... 做……没有用
It is no fun doing ... 做……没有乐趣
It is no good/use waiting here.
在这里等无济于事。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.
同他争论这件事真是浪费时间。
(2)it代替动词不定式作主语的常见句式：
It is＋形容词＋(for/of) sb.to do ...
It is＋a/an＋名词＋to do ...
It takes sb.some time to do ...
It is up to sb.to do ...
It is important for you to walk after supper.
晚饭后散步对你很重要。
It took her about two hours to finish her homework.
她花了大约两个小时的时间完成了作业。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, if you're shopping for one, __________ (buy)extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense.
②(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible _________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
③It can be easy_______ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process.
buying
to walk
to let
④________________________ without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
⑤________________________________________ today's children will need for the future.
学会批判性地思考是现在的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
It is no use complaining
Learning to think critically is an important skill
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1．动名词作宾语
(1)只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语的记忆口诀：
避免错过少延期　avoid, miss, postpone
建议完成多练习　advise/suggest, finish, practise
喜欢想象禁不住　enjoy, imagine, can't help
承认否定与嫉妒　admit, deny, envy
逃避冒险莫原谅　escape, risk, excuse
忍受保持不介意　stand, keep, mind
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
(2)只接动名词作宾语的常见句式：
be worth doing ...　　　　　 值得做……
What/How about doing ... 做……怎么样？
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing ... 做……有困难
have fun (in) doing ... 做……很快乐
spend/waste time/money (in) doing ... 花费/浪费时间/金钱做……
There is no sense/point/use/good (in) doing ...
做……是没有意义/没有必要/没用/没好处的
With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the house.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了那所房子。
There is no point being sad, so I've tried to be positive at all times.
沮丧是没有必要的，所以我一直都尽力保持积极的态度。
2．动词不定式作宾语
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法不假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/
wish; refuse, manage, pretend
主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
We agreed to meet at the school gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
It is a pity that he can't afford to buy a car at present.
很遗憾他目前还买不起汽车。
He promised to come to the party, but he hasn't turned up now.
他答应要来参加晚会的，但他现在还没出现。
[名师点津]　有些动词，如show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder等，可以接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。
He didn't know how to deal with the problem.
他不知道怎样处理这个问题。
3．既能接动名词又能接动词不定式的动词
(1)有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
I remembered telling him to remember to lock the door before leaving the office.
我记得告诉过他离开办公室前记得锁门。
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard.
老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
(2)接动名词或动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的动词
hate, like, love, prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。begin, start, continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。
They prefer staying/to stay indoors when it is cold.
天冷时他们更喜欢待在室内。
4．动名词和动词不定式作宾语的其他用法
(1)it作形式宾语：当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后面有形容词或名词作宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语需要后置，放在宾语补足语之后。
The teacher makes it a rule to speak only English in class.
老师规定在课堂上只能讲英语。
(2)有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。如need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一修。
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether _________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
to catch
to bite
③(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___________ (record) everything I discovered.
④(2022·全国甲卷)I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ________ (stay) out with my friends too late.
⑤(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of _______(visit) the place.
recording
staying
visiting
三、非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词 用法
动名词 动名词作表语多说明主语的内容，表示笼统的、抽象的概念。主语和表语可以互换位置。
动词 不定式 动词不定式作表语可以表示主语的具体内容、目的等，主语通常是dream, business, wish, plan, duty, idea, ambition等词，也可以是what等引导的名词性从句等。主语和表语可以互换位置。
现在 分词 作表语的现在分词往往具有形容词的性质，表示主语的性质或特征。主语和表语不能互换位置。
过去 分词 过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的状态或状况。
续表
His job is teaching small children English.他的工作是教小孩子英语。
My dream is to be a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。
The result sounds inspiring. 这个结果听起来鼓舞人心。
The door remained locked when he came back.
当他回来的时候，门仍然锁着。
[名师点津]　过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个动作，被动意味很强。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was __________ (amaze)．
②(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas.
amazing
educated
③I _________________________ the presence of such a student.
我非常高兴有这样的一个学生在场。
④His explanation is_______________________________________
____________.
他的解释太令人费解了，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解。
⑤What he hoped was __________________________________.
他希望能被理想的大学录取。
was very delighted at
so confusing that most of us couldn't
understand
to be admitted into the ideal university
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was a young boy, I loved __________ (climb) trees.
2．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _____________
(connect)．
3．_____________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
climbing
connected
Ignoring
4．They cheered for ___________(regain) the confidence of employees at last all together.
5．There is no easy way to success in language learning.A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only ___________________
(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
6．But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.
7．He suggests _________ (call) a meeting and _________(let) the workers decide the matter themselves.
regaining
to memorize
to wear
calling
letting
8．You may be overweight and still reduce your risk of _____(die) early by running.
9．His ambition is _________ (go) to Harvard University.
10．We got a little __________________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
dying
to go
sunburned/sunburnt
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Let children learn ①____________ (judge) their own work.
A child learning to talk does not learn by ②______________ (correct) all the time.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others' language.Bit by bit, ③___________ (make) his language like other people's is to achieve his goal.In the same way, children learn to do all the other things.They learn to talk，run，climb，ride a bicycle by ④____________ (compare) their own behaviors with those who are more ⑤________ (skill), and slowly make the needed
to judge
being corrected
to make
comparing
skilled
changes.But in school teachers often forget ⑥__________ (give) a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself.Teachers do it all for him.Teachers act as if the student would fail ⑦___________ (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him.Soon he becomes dependent on teachers.In fact, the best way is ⑧__________ (let) the student do it himself.Let him work it out!
to give
to notice
to let
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．___________________________ 进行某种缓慢运动
2．_______________ 被视为与……等同
3． _________________ 对肝脏有好处
do some sort of slow movements
be identified with
do good to the liver
4．begin with __________________
5．live to an advanced age ___________________
6．relax your mind ____________________
以……开始
活到高龄
放松你的心情
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．When was Wu Qin Xi created
A．About 1,000 years ago.
B．Around 1,500 years ago.
C．Almost 2,000 years ago.
√
2．Which exercise does good to the liver
A．The tiger exercise.
B．The deer exercise.
C．The monkey exercise.
3．What does Wei advise Jim to do
A．To get up early.
B．To have a good rest.
C．To do Wu Qin Xi exercise.
√
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．_______________________, you learn from these animals and help your organs to work better.
2．Well, it begins with rubbing your body,________________, to warm your stomach.
3.There are stories of Wu Qin Xi masters ____________________
___________, and still having good eyesight, hearing and strong teeth.
4. ______________ I can get up so early every day.
By doing these exercises
just as a bear does
living to more than 90
years of age
I don't think
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．At what time will the speakers probably meet
A．2：30.　　 B．3：00.　　　C．3：30.
强化训练 “在平时”
√
2．How does the man find the sharks
A．Amazing. B.Frightening. C．Big.
3．What kind of animal does Simon like
A．Cats. B.Dogs. C．Rabbits.
4．How many hours does the park open on Saturdays
A．9. B.10. C. 13.
5．What will tomorrow's talk be about
A．Rivers. B.Rainforest. C．Flowers.
√
√
√
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers worried about
A．The destruction of tropical forests.
B．The disappearance of species.
C．The decrease of land.
√
7．What does the man mean
A．The woman worries too much about environmental problems.
B．Strict laws should be passed to punish those destroying nature.
C．Everyone should be responsible.
√
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Who is sad about the news
A．Baker. B.Grandpa. C．Alex.
9．What is the most serious problem with the community centre on Cranberry Street
A．It's too noisy.
B．It's too small.
C．It's too far.
√
√
10．Why has the plan for the community centre been put off
A．Many people are against it.
B．There is short of money.
C．The old library is preferred.
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Honey，①I'm calling to make sure that we're still meeting at the gate of the National Park at 3：00.
M：Sorry, I'm afraid I won't be there on time.①My meeting got delayed by half an hour.
(Text 2)
M：Did you see those sharks
W：I'm amazed at the number of teeth they have.
M：②I'm glad they have that big thick glass screen keeping us from those frightening creatures.
(Text 3)
W：Say, Lee. What's your favorite animal
M：I like cats best. What about you
W：I used to have 2 rabbits. ③But Simon says rabbits are too silly. He likes dogs. But I can never stand the barking.
(Text 4)
M：Hello, Aqua Park. Can I help you
W：Yes, please. I'd like some information. Are you open on Saturdays
M：We're open every day. ④From nine in the morning until six, but on Saturdays we close much later, at ten.
(Text 5)
W：Do you fancy coming along to tomorrow's Nature talk The last one on rivers was very good.
M：Yeah.I heard it's about rainforest this time.
W：Actually there's a talk on that next month.⑤This one will deal with something closer to home — wild flowers in gardens.
(Text 6)
W：⑥I can't help but feel concerned about the destruction of tropical forests. It is one of the most serious environment problems today.
M：⑥Yes.From what I understand, people are cutting down thousands of square kilometres of trees every day.This is killing hundreds of wild animals living in the forests.
W：Unfortunately, we can do nothing but talk about it.
M：Don't worry.⑦There should be stronger laws.Those who destroy forests and kill wildlife should be punished seriously.
(Text 7)
W：What's wrong with you, Grandpa
M：⑧Monica, my friend Alex phoned me this morning and told me a piece of bad news that made him sad.
W：What's that
M：The plan of changing the old library on Doblin Street into a community centre has been postponed.
W：Is it a serious problem
M：Yes, the community centre was supposed to serve the senior citizens. Alex is not as lucky as I am. He doesn't have any family with him. He depends on such places.
W：But I know there is a community centre on Cranberry Street.
M：It's small and it's far away from where Alex lives. Most seriously, the centre is mainly built for kids.⑨Ping-pong tables, soda machines, music — it's too noisy for the elderly.
W：Why was the plan put off
M：⑩Alex said it was due to lack of funds for rebuilding and for the furniture needed.
W：Then what can we do to help Alex
M：Another friend of us, Baker, will accompany me to visit Alex in order to give him some comfort.
二、口语交际训练
根据所给提示补全对话
A：What's the weather like today Have you listened to the forecast
B：Yes. The weatherman said it'll be sunny in the morning and that ①__________________________________ (下午会有阵雨). I met an old Irish farmer recently. He said he needn't listen to the forecast. ②_________________________________________________________ (他可以通过观察鸟类和其他动物来预测天气)．
there will be a shower in the afternoon
He can predict the weather by observing birds and other animals
A：Really And how does that work
B：Well, he said that the nesting of birds ③________________
______________________________________ (可以显示长期和短期的天气模式). He said that some birds, like magpies, build their nests lower if there are expected storms in summer, and higher if the weather is going to be fine, regardless of what the nests look like. This would be a long-term prediction.
can show both long-
term and short-term weather patterns
A：How does he know this
B：He learned it from his father and grandfather. ④___________
_____________________________________ (对于农民来说预测天气很重要), of course.
A：And what about short-term predictions
weather is very important for farmers
Predicting the
B：Well, according to him, when cattle lie down in the fields instead of walking around and eating grass, it will rain that day.
A：Wow, I've never heard those before. ⑤_________________
____________________________________ (学习一些预测天气的方法很有趣)．
learn some ways to predict the weather
It's interesting to
|多积主题表达|
描述“自然生态”的常用表达：
1．focus on　　　　　　　　 关注
2．aim to do ... 旨在做……
3．be close to 接近，靠近
4．in return for ... 作为对……的回报
5．devote oneself to ... 致力于……
6．lead a green life 过绿色生活
7．meet the needs of ... 满足……的需要
8．Autumn is a very beautiful season with a carpet of golden fallen leaves.
秋天是一个非常美丽的季节，金黄的落叶铺满大地。
9．The grass looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
草地看起来就像一条专为我们铺在地上的美丽的编织毯。
10．Between these beautiful trees sprang up clusters of firs, whose branches spread wide around.
在这些美丽的树之间，长着一簇簇冷杉，树枝到处伸展开来。
11．This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.
这个活动不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。
Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
人们受到海豚的启发，学会了如何在水下发送信号，如今，这项技术被应用于海啸早期预警系统中。
★employ v．使用，运用；雇用
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)It upset us to know he was employing himself in a very important experiment and could not attend the party.
得知他正忙于一项非常重要的实验而不能参加聚会，我们很失落。
②Professor Wang has been employed in researching the wildlife protection in the recent five years.
近五年来，王教授一直忙于研究野生动物保护。
[归纳点拨]
(1)employ sb.as ...　　　 雇用某人为……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth.＝employ oneself in (doing) sth.
从事于/忙于(做)某事
(2)employment n. 工作，职业，雇用
employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employee n. 受雇者，雇员
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③A number of people have been employed __________(deal) with the work.
④A large company requires the ____________(employ) of many people.
⑤It's been reported that 76 percent of __________(employ) in some Western countries are using emojis at work.
to deal
employment
employees
⑥Many local workers_________________________________.
很多当地工人从事于旅游业。
⑦She __________________________________________________
for many years.
多年来，她一直致力于保护濒临灭绝的动物。
are employed in the tourism industry
has employed herself in protecting the endangered animals
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Hummingbirds are small birds but they're the Olympic gymnasts of the flying world. They have strongly muscled bodies and rather long wings. They fly around at remarkable speeds and fly in all directions, including backward and upside down.
No.4 课时跟踪检测
To achieve such agility (敏捷), hummingbirds use distinct modes of visual processing to control different types of flight. Their brains can make rapid transitions from visual signals to motor outputs. They take in lots of complicated visual information and make a flight plan out of that. Recently, the researchers have uncovered a unique mode that guides hummingbirds' speed when they are flying forward.
The findings come from an experiment of more than 3,500 hummingbird flights inside a 12-foot-long tunnel (通道) with a branch at one end and a feeder at the other. Moving light patterns cast on the tunnel walls influence how the hummingbirds see things while flying.
The researchers expected that if the hummingbirds were using visual clues to control their forward flight speed, they would see the birds speed or slow with lights cast on the side walls. But instead, it seemed that they had their own way of knowing how fast to go for forward flight. When moving up or down, however, the birds based their motor commands on the cast light patterns they saw.
This special ability helps hummingbirds fly safely and quickly. This knowledge could be useful for improving drone(无人机)technology, helping engineers develop better ways for drones to predict and respond to changes in their surroundings. “If we can develop a mathematical model for this visual processing, it could be very useful for drones.” says Bo Cheng, a mechanical engineer, at Pennsylvania State University.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家研究发现蜂鸟使用不同的视觉处理模式来控制不同类型的飞行，这些知识可能有助于改进无人机技术。
1．What contributes most to hummingbirds' agility in flight
A．Their small size and light body.
B．Their strong muscles and long wings.
C．Their strong sense of direction.
D．Their own way to handle what they see.
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“To achieve such agility(敏捷), hummingbirds use distinct modes of visual processing to control different types of flight.”可知，让蜂鸟在飞行中如此敏捷的原因是它们处理自己看到的东西的方式。
2．How did the researchers test the hummingbirds' response
A．By placing barriers in the tunnel.
B．By changing the position of the feeder.
C．By projecting moving light patterns.
D．By adjusting the brightness of the tunnel.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句及第四段首尾句可知，研究人员测试蜂鸟反应的方法是通过投射移动的光模式。
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3．What did the researchers think of hummingbirds' reaction
A．Surprising.　　　　　 B．Discouraging.
C．Satisfactory. D.Amusing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“But instead, it seemed that they had their own way of knowing how fast to go for forward flight.”可知，蜂鸟的反应超出了研究者的推断。由此可推知，研究人员对蜂鸟的反应是震惊的。
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4．Which field is more likely to benefit from the research
A．Wild bird protection.
B．Math-based game design.
C．Behavioral and brain science.
D．Bio-inspired technology application.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“This knowledge could be useful for improving drone(无人机)technology, helping engineers develop better ways for drones to predict and respond to changes in their surroundings.”可推断出，仿生技术应用更有可能从这项研究中受益。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
I've wanted a cat for as long as I can remember. 5 ， my whole family, except for Dad, has wanted a cat for a long time. About a year ago, Dad finally 6 . He went to the animal shelter to bring home three-month-old Larry. My two younger sisters and I jumped for joy. At first, Larry 7 constantly because of our two large pet dogs. It wasn't long, though, before he taught us an important 8 .
The day was very 9 outside. Our family of five, along with our two dogs, 10 the warm fireplace. The dogs, weighing about ninety pounds each, were sleeping in 11 together in their new dog bed after a long day of activity.
Larry had been keeping a(n) 12 eye from his cat post. All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping and swatted (重拍) them 13 . Larry wanted the new dog bed for himself. The second Larry 14 them, the dogs jumped up. Both raced off their bed and out of Larry's 15 ， their tails between their legs.
Seeing the funny scene, we couldn't help but 16 . What had just happened Had our cat just kicked two ninety-pound dogs off their bed Perfectly placed next to the warm fireplace, Larry fell asleep and had a wonderful nap (小睡). No one 17 him, not even the dogs.
We learnt something important from Larry that day, which we won't soon forget： 18 doesn't matter. If you want something, go to 19 it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述发生在自己家的猫身上的一件事告诉了我们一个道理：如果想要什么，就勇敢去争取。
5．A.Originally　　　　　　 B．Actually
C．Fortunately D.Frequently
解析：根据上句“I've wanted a cat for as long as I can remember.”及下句“my whole family, except for Dad, has wanted a cat for a long time.”可知，作者事实上和家人一样都想要一只猫。
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6．A.held on B.turned back
C．gave in D.missed out
解析：根据下句“He went to the animal shelter to bring home three-month-old Larry.”可知，爸爸最终还是让步了。
7．A.rolled B.fainted
C．appeared D.shook
解析：根据下文“because of our two large pet dogs.”可知，Larry 感到害怕而发抖。
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8．A.lesson B.trick
C．trade D.skill
解析：根据下文“We learnt something important from Larry that day, which we won't soon forget”可知，此处指给我们上了重要的一课。
9．A.damp B.mild
C．dry D.cold
解析：根据下文“Our family of five, along with our two dogs, ...the warm fireplace.”可知，外面天气很冷。
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10．A.decorated B.surrounded
C．fixed D.measured
解析：根据下文“the warm fireplace”可知，天气很冷，大家都围在温暖的壁炉旁。
11．A.condition B.action
C．peace D.confidence
解析：根据下文“together in their new dog bed after a long day of activity”可知，活动了一天之后，两只狗平静地睡在一起。in peace“平静地”。
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12．A.watchful B.innocent
C．watery D.curious
解析：根据下文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping”可知，Larry一直警惕地注视着。
13．A.sharply B.slowly
C．unwillingly D.gently
解析：根据语境可知，Larry 用力拍打两只狗。
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14．A.attracted B.monitored
C．attacked D.commanded
解析：根据上文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping and swatted (重拍) them”可知，此处指Larry攻击它们。
15．A.mind B.spot
C．step D.way
解析：根据下文“their tails between their legs”可知，狗避开Larry。out of one's way “避开某人”。
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16．A.laugh B.fear
C．scream D.whisper
解析：根据上文“Seeing the funny scene”可知，此处指忍不住笑了起来。
17．A.understood B.bothered
C．kicked D.tested
解析：根据上文“Perfectly placed next to the warm fireplace, Larry fell asleep and had a wonderful nap (小睡)．”可知，Larry睡得很好，没有人打扰它。
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18．A.Speed B.Type
C．Size D.Distance
解析：根据上文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping”以及“the dogs jumped up. Both raced off their bed and out of Larry's”可知，Larry虽小，却敢于挑战两只大狗，成功占据了狗窝，这件事让大家意识到：无论体型大小，只要有决心，都可以实现目标。
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19．A.assess B.copy
C．appreciate D.pursue
解析：根据上文“If you want something, go to”可知，此处指如果你想要什么，就去追求它。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1 total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming 2 (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
3 (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for 4 (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. 5 an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is 6 (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific 7 (issue), such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, 8 is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the 9 (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’， achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said. So far, many scientific achievements 10 (make)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。 中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。
1．A　考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语a total of “总共”，句首单词首字母大写。
2．to reveal　考查不定式。此处考查固定搭配aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”，reveal用不定式形式。
3．Labeled/Labelled　考查过去分词。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，label用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Labeled/Labelled。
4．conducting　考查动名词。空处作介词for的宾语，conduct应用动名词形式。
5．As　考查介词。此处表示“作为研究的重要组成部分”，故用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。
6．particularly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词important，故用副词形式particularly。
7．issues　考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，应用名词形式。issue为可数名词，前面没有冠词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。
8．who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。
9.transformation　考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，应用名词形式transformation。
10．have been made　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时态；复数主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，故填have been made。1 / 11
Section Ⅲ　Using language
语法项目——非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 　　Romanticism was a cultural movement from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century①： they refused to follow rigid rules②； instead, they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past.Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science. Instead, they advocated going back to nature③. As a result, celebrating the beauty of nature and country life④ became a common theme in Romantic poetry.
悟语法 ①动词不定式短语在句中作表语；②动词不定式短语作refuse的宾语；③动名词短语作advocate的宾语；④动名词短语在句中作主语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、非谓语动词作主语　
1．非谓语动词作主语的基本用法
形式 用法 主谓一致
动名词 动名词作主语常表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作。 单个的动名词或者动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
动词不定式 动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Living in the city brings him lots of job chances.住在城市给他带来很多工作机会。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习一门语言的一个好方法。
To ask her for help is necessary.
要求她帮忙是必要的。
2．it代替非谓语动词作形式主语
(1)it代替动名词作主语的常见句式：
It is a waste of time doing ...做……是浪费时间的
It is no good/use doing ... 做……是没用的
It is worthwhile doing ... 做……是值得的
It is useless doing ... 做……没有用
It is no fun doing ... 做……没有乐趣
It is no good/use waiting here.
在这里等无济于事。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.
同他争论这件事真是浪费时间。
(2)it代替动词不定式作主语的常见句式：
It is＋形容词＋(for/of) sb.to do ...
It is＋a/an＋名词＋to do ...
It takes sb.some time to do ...
It is up to sb.to do ...
It is important for you to walk after supper.
晚饭后散步对你很重要。
It took her about two hours to finish her homework.
她花了大约两个小时的时间完成了作业。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, if you're shopping for one, __________ (buy) extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense.
②(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
③It can be easy __________ (let) a particular school become a front runner early on in your decision making process.
④__________________ without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
⑤____________________________________ today's children will need for the future.
学会批判性地思考是现在的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
二、非谓语动词作宾语　
1．动名词作宾语
(1)只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语的记忆口诀：
避免错过少延期　avoid, miss, postpone
建议完成多练习　advise/suggest, finish, practise
喜欢想象禁不住　enjoy, imagine, can't help
承认否定与嫉妒　admit, deny, envy
逃避冒险莫原谅　escape, risk, excuse
忍受保持不介意　stand, keep, mind
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
(2)只接动名词作宾语的常见句式：
be worth doing ...　　　　　值得做……
What/How about doing ... 做……怎么样？
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing ...
做……有困难
have fun (in) doing ... 做……很快乐
spend/waste time/money (in) doing ...花费/浪费时间/金钱做……
There is no sense/point/use/good (in) doing ...
做……是没有意义/没有必要/没用/没好处的
With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the house.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了那所房子。
There is no point being sad, so I've tried to be positive at all times.
沮丧是没有必要的，所以我一直都尽力保持积极的态度。
2．动词不定式作宾语
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法不假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
We agreed to meet at the school gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
It is a pity that he can't afford to buy a car at present.
很遗憾他目前还买不起汽车。
He promised to come to the party, but he hasn't turned up now.
他答应要来参加晚会的，但他现在还没出现。
[名师点津]　有些动词，如show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder等，可以接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。
He didn't know how to deal with the problem.
他不知道怎样处理这个问题。
3．既能接动名词又能接动词不定式的动词
(1)有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词 ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
I remembered telling him to remember to lock the door before leaving the office.
我记得告诉过他离开办公室前记得锁门。
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard.老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
(2)接动名词或动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的动词
hate, like, love, prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。begin, start, continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。
They prefer staying/to stay indoors when it is cold.天冷时他们更喜欢待在室内。
4．动名词和动词不定式作宾语的其他用法
(1)it作形式宾语：当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后面有形容词或名词作宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语需要后置，放在宾语补足语之后。
The teacher makes it a rule to speak only English in class.
老师规定在课堂上只能讲英语。
(2)有些动词可接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。如need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一修。
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether __________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
③(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________ (record) everything I discovered.
④(2022·全国甲卷)I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not __________ (stay) out with my friends too late.
⑤(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of __________ (visit) the place.
三、非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词 用法
动名词 动名词作表语多说明主语的内容，表示笼统的、抽象的概念。主语和表语可以互换位置。
动词不定式 动词不定式作表语可以表示主语的具体内容、目的等，主语通常是dream, business, wish, plan, duty, idea, ambition等词，也可以是what等引导的名词性从句等。主语和表语可以互换位置。
现在分词 作表语的现在分词往往具有形容词的性质，表示主语的性质或特征。主语和表语不能互换位置。
过去分词 过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的状态或状况。
His job is teaching small children English.
他的工作是教小孩子英语。
My dream is to be a teacher.
我的梦想是成为一名老师。
The result sounds inspiring.
这个结果听起来鼓舞人心。
The door remained locked when he came back.
当他回来的时候，门仍然锁着。
[名师点津]　过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个动作，被动意味很强。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was __________ (amaze)．
②(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas.
③I ____________________ the presence of such a student.
我非常高兴有这样的一个学生在场。
④His explanation is __________________________________________________.
他的解释太令人费解了，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解。
⑤What he hoped was ________________________________________.
他希望能被理想的大学录取。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was a young boy, I loved __________ (climb) trees.
2．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __________ (connect)．
3．__________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
4．They cheered for __________ (regain) the confidence of employees at last all together.
5．There is no easy way to success in language learning.A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only __________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book.
6．But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform.
7．He suggests __________ (call) a meeting and __________ (let) the workers decide the matter themselves.
8．You may be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________ (die) early by running.
9．His ambition is __________ (go) to Harvard University.
10．We got a little __________ (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Let children learn ①__________ (judge) their own work.
A child learning to talk does not learn by ②__________ (correct) all the time.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others' language.Bit by bit, ③__________(make) his language like other people's is to achieve his goal.In the same way, children learn to do all the other things.They learn to talk，run，climb，ride a bicycle by ④__________ (compare) their own behaviors with those who are more ⑤__________ (skill), and slowly make the needed changes.But in school teachers often forget ⑥__________ (give) a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself.Teachers do it all for him.Teachers act as if the student would fail ⑦__________ (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him.Soon he becomes dependent on teachers.In fact, the best way is ⑧__________ (let) the student do it himself.Let him work it out!
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________　　　　 进行某种缓慢运动
2．______________ 被视为与……等同
3．______________ 对肝脏有好处
4．begin with ______________
5．live to an advanced age ______________
6．relax your mind ______________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．When was Wu Qin Xi created？(　　)
A．About 1,000 years ago.
B．Around 1,500 years ago.
C．Almost 2,000 years ago.
2．Which exercise does good to the liver？(　　)
A．The tiger exercise.
B．The deer exercise.
C．The monkey exercise.
3．What does Wei advise Jim to do？(　　)
A．To get up early.
B．To have a good rest.
C．To do Wu Qin Xi exercise.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．__________________， you learn from these animals and help your organs to work better.
2．Well, it begins with rubbing your body, __________________， to warm your stomach.
3.There are stories of Wu Qin Xi masters ______________________， and still having good eyesight, hearing and strong teeth.
4.________________ I can get up so early every day.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．At what time will the speakers probably meet？(　　)
A．2：30.　　　B．3：00.　　　C．3：30.
2．How does the man find the sharks？(　　)
A．Amazing. B．Frightening. C．Big.
3．What kind of animal does Simon like？(　　)
A．Cats. B．Dogs. C．Rabbits.
4．How many hours does the park open on Saturdays？(　　)
A．9. B．10. C. 13.
5．What will tomorrow's talk be about？(　　)
A．Rivers. B．Rainforest. C．Flowers.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers worried about？(　　)
A．The destruction of tropical forests.
B．The disappearance of species.
C．The decrease of land.
7．What does the man mean？(　　)
A．The woman worries too much about environmental problems.
B．Strict laws should be passed to punish those destroying nature.
C．Everyone should be responsible.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Who is sad about the news？(　　)
A．Baker. B．Grandpa. C．Alex.
9．What is the most serious problem with the community centre on Cranberry Street？(　　)
A．It's too noisy.
B．It's too small.
C．It's too far.
10．Why has the plan for the community centre been put off？(　　)
A．Many people are against it.
B．There is short of money.
C．The old library is preferred.
二、口语交际训练
根据所给提示补全对话
A：What's the weather like today Have you listened to the forecast
B：Yes. The weatherman said it'll be sunny in the morning and that ①__________________________________ (下午会有阵雨). I met an old Irish farmer recently. He said he needn't listen to the forecast. ②________________________________________________________________ (他可以通过观察鸟类和其他动物来预测天气)．
A：Really And how does that work
B：Well, he said that the nesting of birds ③________________________________________________________________ (可以显示长期和短期的天气模式). He said that some birds, like magpies, build their nests lower if there are expected storms in summer, and higher if the weather is going to be fine, regardless of what the nests look like. This would be a long term prediction.
A：How does he know this
B：He learned it from his father and grandfather. ④________________________________________________ (对于农民来说预测天气很重要), of course.
A：And what about short term predictions
B：Well, according to him, when cattle lie down in the fields instead of walking around and eating grass, it will rain that day.
A：Wow, I've never heard those before. ⑤__________________________________________ (学习一些预测天气的方法很有趣)．
|多积主题表达|
描述“自然生态”的常用表达：
1．focus on　　　　　　　　 关注
2．aim to do ... 旨在做……
3．be close to 接近，靠近
4．in return for ... 作为对……的回报5.devote oneself to ... 致力于……
6．lead a green life 过绿色生活
7．meet the needs of ... 满足……的需要
8．Autumn is a very beautiful season with a carpet of golden fallen leaves.
秋天是一个非常美丽的季节，金黄的落叶铺满大地。
9．The grass looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
草地看起来就像一条专为我们铺在地上的美丽的编织毯。
10．Between these beautiful trees sprang up clusters of firs, whose branches spread wide around.在这些美丽的树之间，长着一簇簇冷杉，树枝到处伸展开来。
11．This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.
这个活动不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。
Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early warning systems.
人们受到海豚的启发，学会了如何在水下发送信号，如今，这项技术被应用于海啸早期预警系统中。
★employ v．使用，运用；雇用
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)It upset us to know he was employing himself in a very important experiment and could not attend the party.
得知他正忙于一项非常重要的实验而不能参加聚会，我们很失落。
②Professor Wang has been employed in researching the wildlife protection in the recent five years.
近五年来，王教授一直忙于研究野生动物保护。
[归纳点拨]
(1)employ sb.as ...　　　 雇用某人为……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth.＝employ oneself in (doing) sth. 从事于/忙于(做)某事
(2)employment n. 工作，职业，雇用
employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employee n. 受雇者，雇员
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③A number of people have been employed __________ (deal) with the work.
④A large company requires the __________ (employ) of many people.
⑤It's been reported that 76 percent of ________ (employ) in some Western countries are using emojis at work.
⑥Many local workers ________________________________.很多当地工人从事于旅游业。
⑦She ________________________________________________________ for many years.
多年来，她一直致力于保护濒临灭绝的动物。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1　语法专区
慧学语法 　
一、[对点练]　①buying　②to walk　③to let　④It is no use complaining　⑤Learning to think critically is an important skill
二、[对点练]　①to catch　②to bite　③recording　④staying　⑤visiting
三、[对点练]　①amazing　②educated　③was very delighted at
④so confusing that most of us couldn't understand
⑤to be admitted into the ideal university
活用语法 　
Ⅰ.1.climbing　2.connected　3.Ignoring　4.regaining
5．to memorize　6.to wear　7.calling; letting　8.dying　9.to go
10．sunburned/sunburnt
Ⅱ.①to judge　②being corrected　③to make　④comparing
⑤skilled　⑥to give　⑦to notice　⑧to let
NO.2　听说专区
教材听力“三关过”　
一、1.do some sort of slow movements　2.be identified with
3．do good to the liver　4.以……开始　5.活到高龄
6．放松你的心情
二、1～3　CAC
三、1.By doing these exercises　2.just as a bear does
3．living to more than 90 years of age　4.I don't think
强化训练“在平时”　
一、1～5　CBBCC　6～10　ABCAB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Honey，①I'm calling to make sure that we're still meeting at the gate of the National Park at 3：00.
M：Sorry, I'm afraid I won't be there on time.①My meeting got delayed by half an hour.
(Text 2)
M：Did you see those sharks
W：I'm amazed at the number of teeth they have.
M：②I'm glad they have that big thick glass screen keeping us from those frightening creatures.
(Text 3)
W：Say, Lee. What's your favorite animal
M：I like cats best. What about you
W：I used to have 2 rabbits. ③But Simon says rabbits are too silly. He likes dogs. But I can never stand the barking.
(Text 4)
M：Hello, Aqua Park. Can I help you
W：Yes, please. I'd like some information. Are you open on Saturdays
M：We're open every day. ④From nine in the morning until six, but on Saturdays we close much later, at ten.
(Text 5)
W：Do you fancy coming along to tomorrow's Nature talk The last one on rivers was very good.
M：Yeah.I heard it's about rainforest this time.
W：Actually there's a talk on that next month.⑤This one will deal with something closer to home — wild flowers in gardens.
(Text 6)
W：⑥I can't help but feel concerned about the destruction of tropical forests. It is one of the most serious environment problems today.
M：⑥Yes.From what I understand, people are cutting down thousands of square kilometres of trees every day.This is killing hundreds of wild animals living in the forests.
W：Unfortunately, we can do nothing but talk about it.
M：Don't worry.⑦There should be stronger laws.Those who destroy forests and kill wildlife should be punished seriously.
(Text 7)
W：What's wrong with you, Grandpa
M：⑧Monica, my friend Alex phoned me this morning and told me a piece of bad news that made him sad.
W：What's that
M：The plan of changing the old library on Doblin Street into a community centre has been postponed.
W：Is it a serious problem
M：Yes, the community centre was supposed to serve the senior citizens. Alex is not as lucky as I am. He doesn't have any family with him. He depends on such places.
W：But I know there is a community centre on Cranberry Street.
M：It's small and it's far away from where Alex lives. Most seriously, the centre is mainly built for kids.⑨Ping pong tables, soda machines, music — it's too noisy for the elderly.
W：Why was the plan put off
M：⑩Alex said it was due to lack of funds for rebuilding and for the furniture needed.
W：Then what can we do to help Alex
M：Another friend of us, Baker, will accompany me to visit Alex in order to give him some comfort.
二、①there will be a shower in the afternoon
②He can predict the weather by observing birds and other animals
③can show both long term and short term weather patterns
④Predicting the weather is very important for farmers
⑤It's interesting to learn some ways to predict the weather
NO.3　新知学习
③to deal　④employment　⑤employees
⑥are employed in the tourism industry
⑦has employed herself in protecting the endangered animals1 / 4
UNIT 5　课时检测(三)　Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Hummingbirds are small birds but they're the Olympic gymnasts of the flying world. They have strongly muscled bodies and rather long wings. They fly around at remarkable speeds and fly in all directions, including backward and upside down.
To achieve such agility (敏捷), hummingbirds use distinct modes of visual processing to control different types of flight. Their brains can make rapid transitions from visual signals to motor outputs. They take in lots of complicated visual information and make a flight plan out of that. Recently, the researchers have uncovered a unique mode that guides hummingbirds' speed when they are flying forward.
The findings come from an experiment of more than 3,500 hummingbird flights inside a 12 foot long tunnel (通道) with a branch at one end and a feeder at the other. Moving light patterns cast on the tunnel walls influence how the hummingbirds see things while flying.
The researchers expected that if the hummingbirds were using visual clues to control their forward flight speed, they would see the birds speed or slow with lights cast on the side walls. But instead, it seemed that they had their own way of knowing how fast to go for forward flight. When moving up or down, however, the birds based their motor commands on the cast light patterns they saw.
This special ability helps hummingbirds fly safely and quickly. This knowledge could be useful for improving drone(无人机)technology, helping engineers develop better ways for drones to predict and respond to changes in their surroundings. “If we can develop a mathematical model for this visual processing, it could be very useful for drones.” says Bo Cheng, a mechanical engineer, at Pennsylvania State University.
1．What contributes most to hummingbirds' agility in flight
A．Their small size and light body.
B．Their strong muscles and long wings.
C．Their strong sense of direction.
D．Their own way to handle what they see.
2．How did the researchers test the hummingbirds' response
A．By placing barriers in the tunnel.
B．By changing the position of the feeder.
C．By projecting moving light patterns.
D．By adjusting the brightness of the tunnel.
3．What did the researchers think of hummingbirds' reaction
A．Surprising.　　　　　 B．Discouraging.
C．Satisfactory. D．Amusing.
4．Which field is more likely to benefit from the research
A．Wild bird protection.
B．Math based game design.
C．Behavioral and brain science.
D．Bio inspired technology application.
Ⅱ.完形填空　
I've wanted a cat for as long as I can remember.__5__， my whole family, except for Dad, has wanted a cat for a long time. About a year ago, Dad finally __6__. He went to the animal shelter to bring home three month old Larry. My two younger sisters and I jumped for joy. At first, Larry __7__ constantly because of our two large pet dogs. It wasn't long, though, before he taught us an important __8__.
The day was very__9__ outside. Our family of five, along with our two dogs, __10__ the warm fireplace. The dogs, weighing about ninety pounds each, were sleeping in __11__ together in their new dog bed after a long day of activity.
Larry had been keeping a(n) __12__ eye from his cat post. All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping and swatted (重拍) them __13__. Larry wanted the new dog bed for himself. The second Larry __14__ them, the dogs jumped up. Both raced off their bed and out of Larry's __15__， their tails between their legs.
Seeing the funny scene, we couldn't help but __16__. What had just happened Had our cat just kicked two ninety pound dogs off their bed Perfectly placed next to the warm fireplace, Larry fell asleep and had a wonderful nap (小睡). No one __17__ him, not even the dogs.
We learnt something important from Larry that day, which we won't soon forget：__18__ doesn't matter. If you want something, go to __19__ it.
5.A.Originally　　　 　 B．Actually
C．Fortunately D．Frequently
6．A.held on B．turned back
C．gave in D．missed out
7．A.rolled B．fainted
C．appeared D．shook
8．A.lesson B．trick
C．trade D．skill
9．A.damp B．mild
C．dry D．cold
10．A.decorated B．surrounded
C．fixed D．measured
11．A.condition B．action
C．peace D．confidence
12．A.watchful B．innocent
C．watery D．curious
13．A.sharply B．slowly
C．unwillingly D．gently
14．A.attracted B．monitored
C．attacked D．commanded
15．A.mind B．spot
C．step D．way
16．A.laugh B．fear
C．scream D．whisper
17．A.understood B．bothered
C．kicked D．tested
18．A.Speed B．Type
C．Size D．Distance
19．A.assess B．copy
C．appreciate D．pursue
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma.__1__ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming __2__ (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
__3__ (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for __4__ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. __5__ an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is __6__ (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific __7__ (issue), such as how the extreme high altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, __8__ is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the __9__ (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’， achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said. So far, many scientific achievements __10__ (make)．
UNIT 5　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家研究发现蜂鸟使用不同的视觉处理模式来控制不同类型的飞行，这些知识可能有助于改进无人机技术。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段“To achieve such agility(敏捷), hummingbirds use distinct modes of visual processing to control different types of flight.”可知，让蜂鸟在飞行中如此敏捷的原因是它们处理自己看到的东西的方式。
2．选C　细节理解题。根据第三段尾句及第四段首尾句可知，研究人员测试蜂鸟反应的方法是通过投射移动的光模式。
3．选A　推理判断题。根据第四段“But instead, it seemed that they had their own way of knowing how fast to go for forward flight.”可知，蜂鸟的反应超出了研究者的推断。由此可推知，研究人员对蜂鸟的反应是震惊的。
4．选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“This knowledge could be useful for improving drone(无人机)technology, helping engineers develop better ways for drones to predict and respond to changes in their surroundings.”可推断出，仿生技术应用更有可能从这项研究中受益。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述发生在自己家的猫身上的一件事告诉了我们一个道理：如果想要什么，就勇敢去争取。
5．选B　根据上句“I've wanted a cat for as long as I can remember.”及下句“my whole family, except for Dad, has wanted a cat for a long time.”可知，作者事实上和家人一样都想要一只猫。
6．选C　根据下句“He went to the animal shelter to bring home three month old Larry.”可知，爸爸最终还是让步了。
7．选D　根据下文“because of our two large pet dogs.”可知，Larry 感到害怕而发抖。
8．选A　根据下文“We learnt something important from Larry that day, which we won't soon forget”可知，此处指给我们上了重要的一课。
9．选D　根据下文“Our family of five, along with our two dogs, ...the warm fireplace.”可知，外面天气很冷。
10．选B　根据下文“the warm fireplace”可知，天气很冷，大家都围在温暖的壁炉旁。
11．选C　根据下文“together in their new dog bed after a long day of activity”可知，活动了一天之后，两只狗平静地睡在一起。in peace“平静地”。
12．选A　根据下文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping”可知，Larry一直警惕地注视着。
13．选A　根据语境可知，Larry 用力拍打两只狗。
14．选C　根据上文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping and swatted (重拍) them”可知，此处指Larry攻击它们。
15．选D　根据下文“their tails between their legs”可知，狗避开Larry。out of one's way “避开某人”。
16．选A　根据上文“Seeing the funny scene”可知，此处指忍不住笑了起来。
17．选B　根据上文“Perfectly placed next to the warm fireplace, Larry fell asleep and had a wonderful nap (小睡)．”可知，Larry睡得很好，没有人打扰它。
18．选C　根据上文“All at once, he bounced off the floor, raced over to where the dogs were sleeping”以及“the dogs jumped up. Both raced off their bed and out of Larry's”可知，Larry虽小，却敢于挑战两只大狗，成功占据了狗窝，这件事让大家意识到：无论体型大小，只要有决心，都可以实现目标。
19．选D　根据上文“If you want something, go to”可知，此处指如果你想要什么，就去追求它。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。 中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。
1．A　考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语a total of “总共”，句首单词首字母大写。
2．to reveal　考查不定式。此处考查固定搭配aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”，reveal用不定式形式。
3．Labeled/Labelled　考查过去分词。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，label用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Labeled/Labelled。
4．conducting　考查动名词。空处作介词for的宾语，conduct应用动名词形式。
5．As　考查介词。此处表示“作为研究的重要组成部分”，故用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。
6．particularly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词important，故用副词形式particularly。
7．issues　考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，应用名词形式。issue为可数名词，前面没有冠词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。
8．who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。
9.transformation　考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，应用名词形式transformation。
10．have been made　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时态；复数主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，故填have been made。

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