资源简介 外研版八年级上册英语第一单元知识点总结一、主题内容围绕认识自我、接纳自我展开,培养学生介绍自身特点、评价事物以及读懂相关文章和进行书面表达的能力 。涵盖听、说、读、写四个方面:能听懂介绍图书基本信息的录音;能介绍外貌、性格等并评价图书或电影;能读懂接纳自我及人物经历的文章;能书面介绍成功人士。二、重点单词单词 词性及含义 拓展及用法suppose v. 假设;认为 be supposed to be 被认为是……;be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事,如:You are supposed to finish your homework on time.(你应该按时完成作业。)strawberry n. 草莓 复数形式为strawberries,如:I like eating strawberries.(我喜欢吃草莓。)crowded adj. 挤满人(物)的;拥挤的 be crowded with... 挤满……,如:The bus is crowded with passengers.(公交车上挤满了乘客。);crowd n. 人群;v. 使……拥挤disaster n. 灾难,灾祸 a natural disaster 自然灾害;an air disaster 空难,如:The earthquake is a natural disaster.(地震是一种自然灾害。)therefore adv. 因此,由此,所以 常置于句首或句中,后接逗号,如:He didn't study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,因此考试不及格。)instead adv. 代替……;而不是…… instead of 代替;而不是,后接名词、代词或动名词,如:I'll go instead of him.(我将代替他去。)although conj. 虽然,尽管 引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用 ,如:Although it's raining, they still go to school.(虽然在下雨,他们仍然去上学。)bathroom n. 浴室,卫生间 bath n. 洗澡;洗浴;take/have a bath 洗澡,如:I take a bath every day.(我每天都洗澡。)difference n. 差别,差异 make a difference to... 对……有影响/有作用;make no difference 没影响;different adj. 不同的;有差异的,be different from 与……不同,如:The two books are different from each other.(这两本书彼此不同。)wise adj. 明智的,明断的 wisely adv. 明智地;聪明地,如:You should make decisions wisely.(你应该明智地做决定。)reach v. 伸;伸手(以触碰或提起某物) reach for 伸手去取,如:He reached for the book on the shelf.(他伸手去够书架上的书。)height n. 身高;高,高度 be of medium height 中等身高;in height 在高度上;high adj. 高的;adv. 高;在高处;highly adv. 很;非常 ,如:He is of medium height.(他中等身高。)literature n. 文学;文学作品 literary adj. 文学的,如:He is interested in literature.(他对文学感兴趣。)search n. 寻找;搜寻 v. 搜索;搜查 in search of 寻找;搜寻;search for sb./sth. 搜寻某人/某物,如:They are in search of the missing child.(他们在寻找失踪的孩子。)value n. 价值 v. 给……估价;珍视;重视 the value of... ……的价值;valuable adj. 宝贵的;贵重的,如:Time is valuable.(时间很宝贵。)friendship n. 友谊 不可数名词,如:Friendship is very important to me.(友谊对我来说非常重要。)basic adj. 基础的,基本的 basic knowledge 基础知识,如:We should learn some basic skills.(我们应该学习一些基本技能。)message n. 主题思想;消息 take a message 捎口信;the message of... ……的主题思想,如:The message of this story is to be brave.(这个故事的主题思想是要勇敢。)realise v. 知道,明白 后接名词、代词或that从句,如:I realise that I made a mistake.(我意识到我犯了一个错误。)impossible adj. 不可能发生的;办不到的 It’s impossible for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是不可能的;反义词为possible(可能的),如:It's impossible for him to finish the work in an hour.(他不可能在一小时内完成这项工作。)nothing pron. 没有任何东西;没有事 for nothing 免费地;have nothing to do with... 与……无关,如:The book is for nothing.(这本书是免费的。)doubt n. 怀疑 no doubt 无疑;很可能;without doubt 毫无疑问,如:Without doubt, he is a good student.(毫无疑问,他是个好学生。)fear n. 害怕,恐惧;担忧 v. 害怕;惧怕 have a fear of 害怕……;in fear 惊恐地;fear to do/doing sth. 害怕做某事,如:She has a fear of dogs.(她害怕狗。)succeed v. 成功,达成 succeed in (doing) sth. 成功(做)某事;success n. 成功;成功的人(或事物);successful adj. 获得成功的;successfully adv. 成功地,如:He succeeded in passing the exam.(他成功通过了考试。)excellent adj. 卓越的,极好的 无比较级和最高级,如:He gave an excellent performance.(他表演得非常出色。)satisfy v. 使(某人)满意 satisfying adj. 令人满意的;satisfied adj. 满意的;satisfaction n. 满意;满足;乐事;to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是,如:The result is satisfying.(结果令人满意。)zero num. 零 复数形式为zeros/zeroes,如:Five minus five is zero.(5减5等于0。)Olympics n. 奥林匹克运动会,奥运会 常与定冠词the连用,the Olympics(奥运会) ,如:The Olympics is a big sports event.(奥运会是一项重大的体育赛事。)athlete n. 运动员;田径运动员 复数形式为athletes,如:Many athletes take part in the competition.(许多运动员参加比赛。)## 三、词形变化原词 变化形式 示例--- --- ---crowded crowd(n.) The crowd is cheering.(人群在欢呼。)difference different(adj.) They have different hobbies.(他们有不同的爱好。)value valuable(adj.) This is a valuable diamond.(这是一颗贵重的钻石。)impossible possible(adj.) It's possible to finish the task.(完成这项任务是可能的。)succeed success(n.) successful(adj.) successfully(adv.) His success makes him happy.(他的成功让他很开心。) He is a successful businessman.(他是一位成功的商人。) He finished the work successfully.(他成功地完成了工作。)## 四、重点短语短语 含义 用法及示例feel like... 感觉像……;有……感觉 后接名词、代词或动名词,如:I feel like a cup of tea.(我想要一杯茶。);I feel like going for a walk.(我想去散步。)instead of 代替……而不是…… 后接名词、代词或动名词,如:He stayed at home instead of going to the park.(他待在家里而不是去公园。)come through 穿过 如:The sunlight comes through the window.(阳光透过窗户照进来。)present perfect tense 现在完成时 用于描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,结构为“have/has + 过去分词” ,如:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。)silver screen 电影业 如:He wants to work in the silver screen.(他想在电影行业工作。)hold...back 阻碍……(的发展) hold sb. back阻碍某人发展;hold sth. back抑制、隐瞒某事,如:His fear held him back.(他的恐惧阻碍了他的发展。);She held back her tears.(她忍住了眼泪。)as long as 只要 引导条件状语从句,如:You can succeed as long as you work hard.(只要你努力工作,你就能成功。)stick to 遵守,信守;坚持 后接名词、代词或动名词,如:We should stick to our dreams.(我们应该坚持我们的梦想。)五、重点句型On crowded buses and trains, it felt just like a disaster.:在拥挤的公共汽车和火车上,那感觉就像一场灾难。“feel like”表示“感觉像” ,后接名词。However, doubts and fears often hold us back.:然而,疑虑和恐惧常常会阻止我们前进。“hold sb. back”意为“阻碍某人前进”。Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.:只要你尝试并坚持下去,没有什么是不可能的。“as long as”引导条件状语从句,“stick to”表示“坚持”。六、语法知识——现在完成时(1)用法:描述在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。例如:I have lost my key. I can't open the door.(我把钥匙丢了,现在打不开门,丢钥匙这个过去的动作对现在造成了影响 )表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。例如:He has finished his homework.(他已经完成了作业 )结构:基本结构是“have + 动词的过去分词”;当主语是第三人称单数时,要用“has + 动词的过去分词”结构。例如:They have visited the museum.(他们已经参观过博物馆了 );She has eaten breakfast.(她已经吃过早饭了 )句式变化:肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其他。例如:I have seen the film.(我看过这部电影。)一般疑问句及回答:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 其他?肯定答语:Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定答语:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例如:Has she finished her work Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.(她完成工作了吗?是的,她完成了。/不,她还没完成。 )与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调已经完成的动作对现在的影响,不与具体的过去时间状语连用;一般过去时表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情,常与具体的过去时间状语连用。例如:I have been to Beijing.(我去过北京,强调现在的经历和影响 );I went to Beijing last year.(我去年去了北京,强调过去具体的动作和时间 )七、核心词汇用法拓展look作名词:have/take a look 看一看(如:Take a look at this picture. 看看这张图。);the look of... ……的样子(如:She has the look of her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。)作动词:look at 看(如:Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。);look for 寻找(如:He is looking for his pen. 他在找他的钢笔。);look after 照顾(如:She looks after her little brother. 她照顾弟弟。);look forward to 期待(如:I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的回复。)dislike作动词/名词:表示“不喜欢;反感”,后接动名词(如:She dislikes swimming. 她不喜欢游泳。);have a dislike for 对……反感(如:He has a dislike for spicy food. 他不喜欢辛辣食物。)构词法:dis-(否定前缀)+ like(喜欢)cover作动词:cover A with B 用B盖住A(如:Cover the table with a cloth. 用布盖住桌子。);报道(如:The newspaper covered the event. 报纸报道了这件事。);包含(如:The book covers many topics. 这本书涵盖多个主题。)作名词:封面(如:The cover of the book is beautiful. 这本书的封面很漂亮。);庇护所(如:We found cover from the rain. 我们找地方避雨。)search作名词:in search of 寻找(如:They went out in search of food. 他们出去找食物。)作动词:search + 地点(搜查某地)(如:The police searched the house. 警察搜查了房子。);search for + 目标(寻找某物)(如:He is searching for his keys. 他在找钥匙。);search...for... 为找……而搜查……(如:She searched the bag for her phone. 她在包里找手机。)doubt作名词:no doubt 无疑(如:No doubt he will come. 他肯定会来。);without doubt 毫无疑问(如:She is, without doubt, a good teacher. 她无疑是个好老师。)作动词:否定句/疑问句中接if/whether从句(如:I don't doubt if he can do it. 我不怀疑他能做到。)satisfy作动词:使满意(如:The result satisfied us. 结果让我们满意。)派生:satisfied(感到满意的,be satisfied with 对……满意,如:I'm satisfied with the service. 我对服务满意。);satisfying(令人满意的,如:a satisfying answer 令人满意的答案。)八、重点句型解析It felt just like a disaster.结构:feel like + 名词(感觉像……)拓展:feel like doing sth. 想要做某事(如:I feel like eating ice cream. 我想吃冰淇淋。)Nothing is impossible as long as you try.结构:as long as 只要(引导条件状语从句)示例:You can go out as long as you finish your homework. 只要完成作业,你就可以出去。Doubts and fears often hold us back.短语:hold...back 阻碍(如:Don't let fear hold you back. 别让恐惧阻碍你。)九、易混词辨析instead与instead of词性 用法 示例instead 副词 位置灵活,可放句首、句中或句末,单独作状语。如:He didn't go. I went instead. 他没去,我去了。instead of 介词短语 后接名词、代词或动名词,不能单独作句子成分。如:I went instead of him. 我代替他去了。hear、speak、see、walk动词 含义 用法hear 听见(结果) 强调听觉上的感知,如:I heard a noise. 我听到一个声音。speak 说(语言)、讲话 侧重动作,后接语言或作不及物动词,如:She speaks English. 她说英语。see 看见(结果) 强调视觉感知,如:I saw him yesterday. 我昨天看见他了。walk 步行、走路 指用脚移动的动作,如:We walk to school. 我们步行上学。lively、living、alive、live形容词 用法 示例lively 活泼的、生机勃勃的(可修饰人/物) a lively child 活泼的孩子;a lively party 热闹的派对living 活着的、现存的(常作定语) living things 生物;the living 活着的人alive 活着的(常作表语/后置定语) He is still alive. 他还活着;the happiest man alive 在世最幸福的人live 活的、现场直播的(常作定语) a live fish 活鱼;a live show 现场直播十、固定搭配与句型转换常用固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事(如:You are supposed to obey rules. 你应该遵守规则。)make a difference 有影响(如:Your help made a big difference. 你的帮助起了很大作用。)succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事(如:He succeeded in winning the game. 他成功赢得比赛。)be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事(如:She is afraid of snakes. 她害怕蛇。)句型转换示例肯定句:He has finished his homework.否定句:He hasn't finished his homework.一般疑问句:Has he finished his homework 对划线部分提问(划线部分为“his homework”):What has he finished 十一、重点语法补充——动词不定式的部分用法作宾语部分动词后接不定式作宾语,常见动词有want、hope、decide、refuse等。例:She hopes to visit Beijing.(她希望去北京参观。)否定形式:在不定式前加not,如:He decided not to go.(他决定不去了。)作目的状语不定式可表示动作的目的,常用结构为“to do sth.”,相当于“in order to do sth.”。例:I study hard to get good grades.(我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)可置于句首强调目的,如:To catch the early bus, she got up at 5:00.(为了赶上早班车,她五点就起床了。)十二、单元话题相关表达描述自我外貌:She has long hair and big eyes.(她留着长发,有一双大眼睛。)性格:He is outgoing and friendly.(他外向且友好。)价值观:She thinks honesty is very important.(她认为诚实很重要。)评价事物图书/电影:This book is interesting and educational.(这本书既有趣又有教育意义。)表达观点:I think this movie is worth watching.(我认为这部电影值得一看。)十三、常见错误提醒误用although与but两者不能同时使用,如:Although he is tired, he keeps working.(正确);Although he is tired, but he keeps working.(错误)混淆instead与instead of误:He didn't play basketball, instead of he read books.正:He didn't play basketball. Instead, he read books.(他没打篮球,而是看书了。)现在完成时与一般过去时混用强调对现在的影响用现在完成时:I have lost my pen.(我钢笔丢了,现在找不到)强调过去具体时间的动作用一般过去时:I lost my pen yesterday.(我昨天丢了钢笔)十四、重点词汇语境运用suppose教材原句:I suppose everyone has something they don't like about themselves.(我认为每个人都有不喜欢自己的地方。)拓展句:You are supposed to arrive on time for the meeting.(你应该准时到会。)difference教材原句:Accept your differences. They make you special.(接受你的差异,它们让你与众不同。)拓展句:The difference between the two paintings is not easy to find.(这两幅画的差别不易发现。)succeed教材原句:How can we face them and succeed (我们如何面对它们并取得成功?)拓展句:She succeeded in passing the driving test.(她成功通过了驾照考试。)doubt教材原句:However, doubts and fears often hold us back.(然而,疑虑和恐惧常常会阻止我们前进。)拓展句:There is no doubt that he will win the game.(毫无疑问他会赢得比赛。)十五、语法应用实例——现在完成时与时间状语搭配just(刚刚)例:I have just finished my homework.(我刚做完作业。)位置:置于have/has之后。already(已经)例:He has already left for Shanghai.(他已经动身去上海了。)用法:用于肯定句,强调动作已完成。yet(还未)例:They haven't arrived yet.(他们还没到。)法:用于否定句或疑问句,表“尚未”。十六、短语搭配实例feel like教材原句:On crowded buses and trains, it felt just like a disaster.(在拥挤的公共汽车和火车上,这感觉就像一场灾难。)拓展:I feel like drinking a cup of coffee.(我想喝杯咖啡。)as long as教材原句:Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.(只要你尝试并坚持下去,没有什么是不可能的。)拓展:You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.(只要你按时归还,就可以用我的自行车。)stick to教材原句(延伸):If you stick to your dream, you will achieve it.(如果你坚持梦想,就会实现它。)搭配:后接名词或动名词,如stick to studying(坚持学习)。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览