资源简介 外研版八年级上册英语第二单元(Getting along)知识点总结一、主题内容框架模块 具体内容听 能听懂有关安慰他人的录音材料说 能向他人表达真实想法读 能读懂有关与他人建立良好关系的文章写 能写一篇关于如何与他人友好相处的指南二、重点单词及用法单词 词性及含义 用法示例giant n.(儿童故事中的)巨人 The giant lives in a big castle.(巨人住在一座大城堡里。)shout v. 大声说、喊叫 shout at sb. 对某人大声喊叫(含不满),如:He shouted at the noisy kids.(他对吵闹的孩子大喊。) shout to sb. 对某人喊话(表距离远),如:She shouted to him across the street.(她过马路对面的他喊话。)since prep. 自从 since then 从那以后(与现在完成时连用),如:Since then, they have been friends.(从那以后,他们就成了朋友。)nor conj. 也不 常与neither搭配,“neither...nor...”表“既不……也不……”,如:He neither smokes nor drinks.(他既不抽烟也不喝酒。)afraid adj. 害怕的 be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事,如:She is afraid of walking alone at night.(她害怕晚上独自走路。) be afraid + that从句,如:I'm afraid that I can't help you.(恐怕我帮不了你。)return v. 返回、回来 return to sp. 回到某地,如:He returned to his hometown.(他回到了家乡。)lively adj. 充满活力的 可修饰人或物,如:a lively party(热闹的派对);She is a lively girl.(她是个活泼的女孩。)allow v. 允许 allow doing sth. 允许做某事,如:Schools don't allow smoking.(学校不允许抽烟。) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,如:My parents allow me to watch TV.(我父母允许我看电视。)argue v. 争论、争吵 argue with sb. 与某人争吵,如:They argued with each other about the plan.(他们就计划吵了起来。) argue over sth. 就某事争论,如:They argued over money.(他们为钱争吵。)divide v. 分开 divide...into... 把……分成……,如:Divide the cake into 8 pieces.(把蛋糕分成8块。)三、词形变化原词 变化形式 含义 示例lively living(adj. 活着的)、alive(adj. 活着的) lively强调“活泼的”,living强调“现存的”,alive强调“活着的状态” The lively child plays with a living fish.(活泼的孩子在玩一条活鱼。)allow allowance(n. 津贴) --- He gets a monthly allowance.(他每月有津贴。)argue argument(n. 争论) --- Their argument lasted an hour.(他们的争论持续了一小时。)divide division(n. 分开、除法) --- The division of the work was fair.(工作分配很公平。)四、重点短语get along with 与……相处(如:She gets along well with classmates. 她和同学相处得好。)agree to do sth. 同意做某事(如:He agreed to help me. 他同意帮我。)agree on sth. 就某事达成一致(如:They agreed on the time. 他们就时间达成了一致。)in return 作为回报(如:He helped her, and in return, she invited him to dinner. 他帮了她,作为回报,她请他吃了饭。)keep...in mind 记住(如:Keep his words in mind. 记住他的话。)五、核心语法——现在完成时(2)用法 示例表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态(与for/since连用) He has lived here for 5 years.(他在这住了5年了。) We have known each other since 2018.(我们从2018年就认识了。)与how long连用 How long have you studied English (你学英语多久了?)六、易混词辨析单词 用法区别 示例lively vs. living lively表“活泼的”,living表“活着的、现存的” a lively dog(一条活泼的狗);living creatures(生物)join vs. take part in join后接组织/团体(如join the club);take part in后接活动(如take part in the game) He joined the army.(他参军了。) She took part in the competition.(她参加了比赛。)七、常见错误及句型转换错误:He is afraid of to speak in public.正确:He is afraid to speak in public.(他害怕在公共场合讲话。)句型转换(以“ They have argued about the plan. ”为例)否定句:They haven't argued about the plan.一般疑问句:Have they argued about the plan 对“the plan”提问:What have they argued about 八、现在完成时与一般过去时的深层辨析时间状语搭配现在完成时:常与just、already、yet、ever、never等连用,不具体指出过去时间,如“I have ever been to Beijing.”(我去过北京,强调经历)一般过去时:常与yesterday、last week、in 2020等具体时间状语连用,如“I went to Beijing last year.”(去年去的北京,强调过去的动作)语境差异现在完成时(影响):“He has lost his key.”(钥匙丢了,现在打不开门)一般过去时(事实):“He lost his key yesterday.”(仅说明昨天丢钥匙的事实)九、文件中高频固定搭配补充be supposed to do sth.(应该做某事)如:“Visitors are not supposed to take photos here.”(游客不应在此拍照)make a difference (to)(有影响)例:“Your advice made a difference to my decision.”(你的建议对我的决定有影响)succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事)例:“She succeeded in solving the problem.”(她成功解决了问题)十、文件中易混词的对比(基于原文)易混词 用法(文件依据) 示例instead instead of instead是副词,instead of是介词短语 “He didn't go; instead, he stayed.”(他没去,而是留下了)hear listen hear强调结果,listen强调动作(常与to连用) “I heard a noise.”(听到声音);“Listen to the teacher.”(听老师讲)十一、文件中现在完成时的特殊句式对动作对象提问例:原句“She has read the book.”提问:“What has she read ”(她读了什么?)对时间长度提问用how long,例:“He has lived here for 3 years.” → “How long has he lived here ”十二、文件中与单元相关的其他语法及用法补充动词不定式作宾语补足语常见结构:动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.,如“ask sb. to do sth.”(让某人做某事)、“allow sb. to do sth.”(允许某人做某事)。示例:The teacher asked us to hand in our homework.(老师让我们交作业。)否定形式:动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth.,如:My mother told me not to play computer games too long.(妈妈告诉我不要玩太久电脑游戏。)while引导时间状语从句用法:表示“当……时候”,从句谓语动词用延续性动词,如:While I was reading, he came in.(我看书时,他进来了。)与when的区别:while强调主从句动作同时进行,when可接延续性或非延续性动词。十三、文件中单元核心话题相关表达拓展描述人际关系积极关系:“They get along well and often help each other.”(他们相处融洽,经常互相帮助。)解决矛盾:“After talking, they reached an agreement.”(谈话后,他们达成了一致。)表达观点与建议表达观点:“In my opinion, communication is important for getting along.”(在我看来,沟通对相处很重要。)提出建议:“You should talk to him face to face.”(你应该和他面对面谈谈。)十四、文件中涉及的易错点及纠正(结合语法)现在完成时中瞬间动词与延续性动词的误用瞬间动词(如buy、borrow)不能与for/since连用,需转换为延续性动词,如:“I have had this book for 2 weeks.”(不能说“I have bought this book for 2 weeks.”)转换示例:borrow → keep;buy → have;leave → be away。allow的用法混淆正确:“We don't allow smoking here.”(我们不允许在这抽烟。);“My parents allow me to go out on weekends.”(父母允许我周末出去。)错误:“We don't allow to smoke here.”;“My parents allow me going out.”十五、文件中单元知识点综合运用示例现在完成时综合运用情景:“—Have you ever argued with your friend —Yes, I have. But we became good friends again later.”(—你和朋友吵过架吗?—吵过,但后来又和好了。)转换:对“argued with your friend”提问 → “What have you ever done with your friend ”固定搭配在语境中的应用“He succeeded in improving his relationship with his brother by communicating more.”(他通过多沟通,成功改善了和弟弟的关系。)“It's important to make a difference to the people around you.”(对你身边的人产生积极影响很重要。) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览