Unit 3 Make it happen 知识点 外研版(2024)英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 Make it happen 知识点 外研版(2024)英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 Make it happen! 知识点总结(外研版八年级上册)
一、单元主题与学习目标
主题:围绕发明创造展开,涉及发明过程、发明家品质、相关技术与实验等内容。
目标:
听:能听懂介绍发明过程的录音。
说:能描述发明家应具备的品质。
读:能读懂有关发明创造的文章。
写:能以书面形式介绍一项发明。
二、重点词汇
(一)核心单词
fair n. 展览会
block n. 一块(木头、石头等)
cost v. 价格为;需支付
lend v. 帮助;(给某人)搭把手
brain n. 脑,大脑
signal n. 信号;暗号
weigh v. 重,重量是……
kilogram n. 千克,公斤
fix v. 解决(问题);修理
invention n. 发明(物)
download v. 下载(信息或程序)
smart adj. 智能的
machine n. 机器
warn v. 警告,告诫;提醒
congratulation n. 恭喜,祝贺
advertisement n. 广告;启事
everyday adj. 日常的;每天的
trouble v. 使忧虑,使苦恼
completely adv. 完全地
unexpected adj. 想不到的
ticket n. 票,入场券
quality n. 品性
glue n. 胶,胶水
perfect adj. 完美的
freeze v. (使)结冰,(使)冻结
address v. 对……发表演说
talent n. 天资,天赋,才能
electricity n. 电
experiment n. (科学)实验
lightning n. 闪电
pioneer n. 先驱,先锋,创始人
exploration n. 探索;探险
test v. 验证;检验
despite prep. 尽管,虽然
failure n. 失败
risk n. 冒险举动
detector n. 探测器,检测器
(二)词形变化
block n. → blocked adj. 堵住的
invention n. → invent v. 发明;inventor n. 发明家;inventive adj. 有创意的
congratulation n. → congratulate v. 祝贺
completely adv. → complete adj. 完整的;completion n. 完成
unexpected adj. → expect v. 预料;expectation n. 预期
(三)重点短语
a helping hand 援手,帮助
out of 由……制成
blow sb. away 使某人大为惊讶
be curious about 对……感到好奇
ice lolly 冰棍,冰棒
lightning rod 避雷针
change one's life 改变某人的生活
lend a hand 帮助;搭把手
fix up 修理;装饰
catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
pay attention to 注意……
take risks 冒险
三、重点词汇用法详解
(一)between 与 among
易混词 用法 例句
between 指两者之间 What are the differences between the two families (这两个家庭有什么不同?)
among 指三者及以上之间 There is a small house among the tall trees.(大树中间有一栋小房子)
(二)cost/pay/take(花费)
易混词 主语 用法 例句
cost 物 花费金钱 Her artificial arm cost $80,000.(她的假肢花了8万美元)
pay 人 与for搭配,表支付 They couldn't pay for a worker.(他们雇不起工人)
take it(形式主语) 花费时间,用It takes sb. time to do sth. How long will it take to get there (到那儿要花多久?)
(三)lend/borrow/keep(借)
易混词 用法 例句
lend 借出,用lend sth. to sb. You can't lend it to others.(你不能把它借给别人)
borrow 借入,用borrow sth. from sb. Can I borrow this book (我能借这本书吗?)
keep 表示借用时间长度 How long can I keep this book (这本书能借多久?)
(四)everyday 与 every day
易混词(组) 用法 例句
everyday 形容词,作定语 What everyday problem do you face (你面临什么日常问题?)
every day 副词短语,作状语 You need to practise every day.(你需要每天练习)
(五)electricity/electronic/electric
易混词 用法 例句
electricity 电,电能 He had a curiosity about electricity.(他对电很好奇)
electronic 电子的 an electronic lighter(电子打火机)
electric 电动的 electric plane(电动飞机)
四、重点句型解析
What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.
解析:What's worse(更糟糕的是)表递进,描述问题的严重性。
Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.
解析:despite(尽管)后接名词,表让步,相当于though引导的从句。
五、语法知识:动词不定式与动名词作宾语
(一)动词不定式作宾语
常用动词:plan、decide、want、hope、learn等,如:I learned to ride a horse.(我学会了骑马)。
否定形式:not to do sth.,如:We decided not to join the club.(我们决定不加入社团)。
(二)动名词作宾语
常用动词:enjoy、practise、finish、avoid、mind等,如:I enjoy playing tennis.(我喜欢打网球)。
(三)特殊情况(remember)
remember doing sth.(记得做过某事):I remember meeting her.(我记得见过她)。
remember to do sth.(记得要做某事):Remember to turn off the lights.(记得关灯)。
六、学习策略与记忆技巧
联想记忆:
invention(发明)→ inventor(发明家)→ invent(发明),通过词形变化串联记忆。
短语take risks(冒险)→ 联想“冒险做某事”用take risks doing sth.。
语法口诀:
不定式作宾要带to,decide, hope, want 跟;
动名词作宾记清楚,enjoy, finish, practise 符;
remember 用法两不同, doing 做过 to 未做。
七、重点词汇深度拓展
(一)trouble 的用法
作动词时,可表示“使忧虑、麻烦”,常见搭配:
trouble sb. with sth.(因某事麻烦某人),如:I don't want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem.
trouble sb. to do sth.(麻烦某人做某事),如:Could I trouble you to turn down the music
作名词时,短语有:
in trouble(处于困境),如:Keep smiling when you are in trouble.
have trouble doing sth.(做某事有困难),如:She had trouble learning English.
(二)freeze 的词形与用法
动词过去式为froze,过去分词为frozen,如:The next day, he found it was frozen.
派生形容词:
frozen(冷冻的),如:frozen dumplings(冷冻饺子)
freezing(极冷的),如:It's freezing in here!
(三)risk 的双重词性
作名词时,take risks(冒险),如:But curiosity is more than just taking risks.
作动词时,后接动名词,表“冒险做某事”,如:It takes courage to risk their own lives to save others.
八、重点短语应用场景
(一)catch one's attention 相关表达
同义短语:attract/get one's attention,如:A good start can quickly catch the listeners' attention.
注意:pay attention to 中to为介词,后接动名词,如:You should pay attention to correcting grammar mistakes.
(二)change one's life 拓展
相关短语:daily life(日常生活)、for life(终身),如:How have they changed our lives ;In daily life, habits help make your brain stronger.
九、语法难点突破
(一)despite 与 though 的区别
despite 为介词,后接名词/代词,如:Despite the failure, his curiosity gave ideas to explorers.
though 为连词,后接从句,如:Though he failed, his curiosity inspired others.(同义转换)
(二)unexpected 的构词与用法
由“un-(否定前缀)+ expected”构成,表“想不到的”,如:Life is full of unexpected surprises.
派生词汇:expect(v. 期待)、expectation(n. 预期),如:We expect to have a good time.
十、教材原句深度解析
"Easton's invention has helped many children."
解析:invention 作可数名词,指“发明物”,句中体现发明对他人的帮助。
"Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention."
解析:congratulations 常用复数形式,后接for表原因,对应动词为congratulate,搭配为congratulate sb. on sth.
十一、学习误区提醒
误:I spent 100 yuan to the book.(×)
正:The book cost me 100 yuan.(√)(cost主语为物,表“花费金钱”)
误:He lent a book from me.(×)
正:He borrowed a book from me.(√)(lend表“借出”,borrow表“借入”)
误:Pay attention to listen to the teacher.(×)
正:Pay attention to listening to the teacher.(√)(pay attention to后接动名词)
十二、记忆口诀汇总
(一)易混动词用法口诀
“cost物,pay人,take用it代时间;
lend借出to 接人,borrow借入from 来源,
keep表时长,借多久它来管。”
(二)前缀un-词汇口诀
“un-否定很常见,expected加un 变‘意外’(unexpected);
freeze过去是frozen,加un 并非‘不冻’(unfreeze解冻)。”
十三、核心词汇场景应用
(一)invention 及其同根词
invention 作“发明物”时为可数名词,如:The dishwasher is a wonderful invention.(洗碗机是一项极好的发明);作“创造力”时为不可数名词,体现发明的抽象意义。
inventor 指“发明家”,如:Edison is a great inventor.(爱迪生是伟大的发明家);inventive 形容人“有创意的”,如:He has an inventive mind.(他思维有创意)。
(二)congratulation 的用法细节
表示“祝贺”时常用复数形式 congratulations,如:Shantanu received many congratulations for his invention.(Shantanu因发明受到诸多祝贺)。
动词 congratulate 搭配为 congratulate sb. on sth.,如:I congratulate you on your success.(祝贺你成功)。
(三)completely 的语境应用
副词 completely 修饰动词或形容词,表“完全地”,如:My experience completely changed my view.(我的经历彻底改变了我的看法);其形容词形式 complete 可作定语,如:in complete darkness(在完全的黑暗中)。
十四、短语辨析与拓展
(一)be curious about 与 curiosity
be curious about 意为“对……好奇”,如:He was curious about electricity.(他对电好奇);名词 curiosity 对应短语 out of curiosity(出于好奇),如:I asked out of curiosity.(我出于好奇提问)。
(二)out of 的多重含义
表“由……制成”(用于看不出原材料的情况),如:The paper is made out of wood.(纸由木材制成)。
表“缺乏”,如:They ran out of water.(他们水用完了)。
十五、语法易错点解析
(一)动词不定式与动名词的误用
错误:I enjoy to swim.(×)
正确:I enjoy swimming.(√)(enjoy 后接动名词)。
错误:He remembered to meet her yesterday.(×)
正确:He remembered meeting her yesterday.(√)(“记得做过”用动名词)。
(二)despite 与 in spite of 的互换
Despite the rain, we went out.(尽管下雨,我们还是出去了)可转换为 In spite of the rain, we went out.(两者均为介词,后接名词)。
十六、文化与学科链接
科学发明相关表达:
experiment(实验)→ do an experiment(做实验)
pioneer(先驱)→ scientific pioneer(科学先驱)
exploration(探索)→ space exploration(太空探索)
常见发明词汇:lightning rod(避雷针)、detector(探测器),可结合科学常识记忆。
十七、高频考点链接
题目:We should pay attention to ______ (correct) our mistakes.
答案:correcting(pay attention to 后接动名词)
题目:—How long can I ______ this book —For two weeks.
A. lend B. borrow C. keep
答案:C(表示借用时长用 keep)
题目:She had trouble ______ (solve) the problem.
答案:solving(have trouble 后接动名词)
十八、记忆技巧
词根词缀串联:
un-(否定):unexpected(想不到的)、unhappy(不开心的)
-tion(名词后缀):invention(发明)、congratulation(祝贺)、exploration(探索)
短语对比记忆:
“借”的 trio:lend(出)、borrow(入)、keep(续)
“花费”三兄弟:cost(物买单)、pay(人掏钱)、take(时消耗)

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