资源简介

(共103张PPT)
维
词
课
堂
版本：新人教
单元：必修二 Unit 4 (Listening and Speaking)
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
1. 孔子 n ___________
2. 哲学；哲学体系 n ___________
3. 单独的；个人的 adj ___________
4. *mansion n ___________
5. *cemetery n ___________
6. 补philosopher n ___________
7. *descendant n ___________
8. *heel n ___________
9. Achilles’ heel ___________
Confucius
individual
philosophy
公馆；宅第
墓地；公墓
哲学家；思想家
后裔；后代；子孙
致命弱点；死穴
脚后跟
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
1. 王国 n _________
2. 首要的；最重要的 adj __________
3. 附近的 adj _________
4. 把……和……连接或联结起来 _________
5. 离开；脱离；突然挣脱 __________
6. 属（于）；应在（某处） vi ___________
7. 属于；是……的成员；应归入 _________
8. 和；也；除……之外 ___________
kingdom
chief
nearby
join … to …
break away (from)
as well as
belong to
belong
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
9. 军事的；军用的 adj ___________
10. 防御；保卫；防护 n ___________
11. 法律的；与法律有关的 adj ___________
12. 包围；环绕；围困 vt ___________
13. 证据；迹象 n ___________
14. 成就；功绩；成绩 n ___________
15. 地点；位置 n _________
16. 战役；战斗 n ___________
military
defence / defense
legal
surround
evidence
battle
location
achievement
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
17. 港；港口 n ___________
18. *puzzle n ___________
19. *currency n ___________
20. 补evident adj ___________
21. *conquer vt _________
22. *fascinating adj ___________
23.补*fascinate v ___________
24. keep your eyes open (for) ___________
port
难题；谜；拼图游戏
通货；货币；支付手段
明显的；清楚的；明白的
征服；攻克；战胜
迷人的；极有吸引力的
（使）着迷；（使）迷住
留心；留意
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
1. （给……）充电 v _________
2. 宣布；（尤指在机场或火车站）广播通知 v __________
3. 数量；数额；总数 n _________
4. 画廊；美术陈列室；美术馆 n _________
5. 靠近 ；临近；接近 v __________
6. 确保；保证 vt ___________
7. 慷慨的；大方的 adj _________
8. 黄油；牛油 n ___________
charge
announce
amount
gallery
approach
butter
generous
ensure
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
9. 蜂蜜；甜美之物 n ___________
10. 祖先；祖宗 n ___________
11.补announcement n ___________
12. landscape n ___________
13. position vt ___________
honey
ancestor
通告；布告；宣布；宣告
风景；风景画
放置；安放；使处于
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
1. 小吃；点心 n _________
2. 渴望的；热切的 adj __________
3. 诗人 n _________
4. （使）翻滚；（使）滚动 v _________
5. 海洋 n __________
6. 打招呼；问候；迎接 vt ___________
7. 葡萄酒；酒 n _________
8. 啤酒 n ___________
snack
eager
poet
roll
ocean
beer
wine
greet
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
9. 风俗；习俗 n ___________
10. 挤满；使……拥挤 vt __________
11. courtyard n ___________
12. county n ___________
13. *feast n ___________
14.补rolling adj ___________
15. *dot vt __________
16. cattle n ___________
custom
crowd
庭院；院子
（英国的）郡；（美国的）县
盛宴；享受；（宗教）节日
起伏的
在（……上 / 上方）加点；布满；星罗棋布于
牛
单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译
17. *roar n ___________
18. *scent n ___________
19. 补greeting n ___________
20. pub n ___________
21. *stew n ___________
22. sensory adj ___________
23. striking adj ___________
24. *transition n __________
25. 补crowded adj ___________
吼叫声；咆哮声
香味；气味
问候；致意；迎接；贺词；问候语
酒吧；酒馆
炖菜
感觉的；感官的
惊人的；显著的；引人注目的
过渡；转变；变迁
拥挤的；挤满的；装满的
本单元词汇梳理
1. Confucius “孔夫子”的音译
拓展：Confucianism (孔子学说，儒教)
2. philosophy 构词：philo- (loving 爱) + soph (knowledge, wisdom 智慧) + -y (名词后缀)；派生词：philosopher
3. Achilles’ heel Achilles’ heel（阿喀琉斯之踵）用来比喻强大人物身上唯一的薄弱之处、致命的死穴或软肋。
阿喀琉斯是荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中一个半神英雄、希腊联军第一勇士。他是海洋女神忒提斯和英雄珀琉斯之子。他出生后，母亲忒提斯为了使他炼成金刚不坏之躯，将其倒提着浸在冥河水中，除被母亲所捏的脚踵外，他全身刀枪不入。最后，他的敌人也正是抓住这个弱点，用箭射中了他的脚踵，导致Achilles受伤身亡。
individual R3
■ adj
[只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的：
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class.
独特的；与众不同的：
She’s got a very individual way of dressing.
■ n [C] 个人；个体；人：
Together, individuals can make a difference.
To become the Olympic champion in the individual all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. 2023 全国
individualism n [U] 个人主义
individuality n [U] 个性；特征
1. kingdom king + -dom (表示领域)
词块：the United Kingdom
2. chief 来自词根 cap (头)，词源同captain
词块：an editor-in-chief / a chief editor
3. puzzle 词块：puzzle over / about; solve a puzzle
派生词：puzzled, puzzling
4. nearby near + by
5. join … to … 近义词 connect … to …
6. belong 词块：belong to，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
派生词：belonging (词块 a sense of belonging)；belongings (词块 personal belongings)
本单元词汇梳理
7. as well as 主谓一致：as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词应与
as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致
近义词：in addition to
8. currency 来自current (adj 流通的)
词块：foreign currency
9. military 词块：take military action, in the military
10. defence 构词：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + fenc (to hit / strike 打击) + -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
词块：in sb’s defence / in defence of sb
11. legal 词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
12. surround 词块：surround sb / sth with / by sth, surround oneself with sb / sth
派生词：surrounding, surroundings
13. evidence 构词：e- (out 向外) + vid (to see 看) + -ence (名词后
缀) → 外面看得见的事物 → 证据
同根词：video
核心句式：there is evidence that … (同位语从句）
词族：evidence, evident, evidently
14. achievement 构词：achieve + -ment；词块：a sense of achievement
15. location 构词：locate (找出……的位置) + -ion (名词后缀)
词族：locate, located, location
16. battle 构词：batt (to beat 打、击) + -le (名词后缀) → 战斗
词块：fight a (losing) battle, battle with / against
17. port 同根词：transport (必修一 U2)
18. fascinating 构词：fascinate (使着迷) + -ing
词族：fascinate, fascinated, fascinating, fascination
重难点词
精讲
defence
belong
as well as
achieve & achievement
搭配义
搭配义
一词多义
surround
battle
一词多义
搭配义
搭配义
英语的发展史
belong
Victory belongs to the most persevering.
胜利属于最坚忍的人。
— Napoleon
拿破仑·波拿巴（1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），即拿破仑一世（Napoléon I），出生于科西嘉岛，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。拿破仑于1804年12月2日加冕称帝，把共和国变成帝国。在位期间称“法国人的皇帝”，也是历史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名号的法国皇帝。
belong vi 属 (于)；应在 (某处)：
Put the chair back where it belongs.
belong to 属于；是……的成员；应归入：
Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers.
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
If you plan on working out in a gym, your workout partner must belong to the same gym. 2022 全国改
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
注：belong to 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
belonging n [U] 归属：
Children need a sense of belonging. 2021 全国
belongings n [C] [复数] 所有物；财产；财物 (possessions)：
Look after your personal belongings.
as well as
与……一样好：
I wish I could speak English as well as he can.
和；也；除……之外：
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
The teacher as well as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow.
注 as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致。
课文
[U] 防御；保卫；防护：
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.
2020 浙江 读后续写
[C] & [U] 防务；防御物；防御能力：
The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
[U] & [C] 辩护；辩解：
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
[C] (体育运动中的) 后卫；防守队员
defence / defense n
词源解读：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打击) + -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
defence / defense 语义网络图
防御；保卫；防护
基本义
具体的防御物
防务；防御物；防御能力
辩护；辩解
后卫；防守队员
语言的防御
比赛中的防御
包围；环绕；围困：
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who
challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
与……紧密相关：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
surround vt
【词汇拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名词前] 周围的 (nearby)：
the surrounding scenery
surroundings
n [用复数] 周围的事物；环境 everything that is near or around you (environment)：
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 2023 全国
achieve v
vt (凭借努力) 达到 (目标、标准) to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially after much effort (attain)：
achieve success / progress
Happiness is achieved through hard work.
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 2014 江西书面表达
vt 完成 to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen (accomplish)：
No one can achieve anything without effort.
He achieved what he had thought impossible.
vi 获得成功 to be successful：
He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve.
achievable adj 可达到的；可获得的
achievement n
26
[U] 达成；完成 the act or process of achieving sth：
Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
It is only the achievement of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.
[C] 成就；功绩；成绩：
great scientific achievements
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics.
抽象名词具体化
battle
“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。
“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。
battle
■ n
[C] & [U] 战役；战斗：
fight / win / lose a battle
Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
[C] 斗争；较量：
a long-running legal battle
A good beginning is half the battle.
I realized running was a battle against myself. 2018 北京
fight a losing battle 打一场无望取胜的仗
batt- (beat 打 、击) + -le (反复) → 战斗
滑铁卢战役 （1815年反法联军战胜法国改变欧洲历史的战役）
这次战役结束了拿破仑帝国，也是拿破仑一世的最后一战；拿破仑战败后被放逐至圣赫勒拿岛，自此退出历史舞台。
■ vt & vi (与……) 斗争；(与……) 战斗：
battle for
They battled with / against the winds and waves.
How did our ancestors battle nature with the basic tools they had
【词汇拓展】
battlefield n [C] 战场；冲突地区 / 领域
英语发展简史
公元450年
公元1100年
公元1500年
公元1800年
盎格鲁人、撒克逊人等（日耳曼部落）在不列颠定居：古英语形成；
基督教传入：拉丁语词进入英语；
北欧人入侵：斯堪的纳维亚各国词汇进入英语
诺曼征服：法语词进入英语
文艺复兴：大量拉丁语词和希腊语词进入英语
科技词汇大量增长；
美国英语地位确立；
多种新英语变体出现
古英语时期
Old English
中古英语时期
Middle English
早期现代英语时期
后期现代英语时期
现代英语时期
Modern English
本单元词汇梳理
1. charge 一词多义：词源义和基本义是“负荷”
词块：(n) in charge of, take charge of, free of charge
(v) charge for sth, charge sb (for) sth, charge sb with (doing) sth
派生词：charger
2. announce 构词：an- (to) + nounce (to report 报告) → 通知
同根词：pronounce
派生词：announcer, announcement
词块：announce = make an announcement
3. amount 构词：a- (加强意义) + mount (mountain 山) → 到达山顶 → 到达最顶处 → 总、合
词块：a large amount of; amount to
4. gallery 词块：an art gallery
5. approach 一词多义：基本义“接近” (come nearer)
意为“处理……的方法”时与介词to搭配，类似结构有solution to, key to, way to等
6. ensure 构词：en- (to make 使) + sure (确认)
近义词：make sure
7. landscape 构词：land (land 土地) + scap(e) (condition 状况) →“土地的状况”，原用于绘画术语指自然风景画，后泛指“风景”
8. generous 构词：gener (birth) + -ous (形容词后缀) → 出身高贵的
→ 慷慨的
同根词：generation
句式：it’s generous of sb to do sth, be generous to sb / with sth
派生词：generosity, generously
9. butter 词块：bread and butter；名词动词化：涂黄油于
10. honey 蜂蜜 → 亲爱的 (非正式用语)
11. ancestor 构词：an- (before 前面) + cest (to go 走) + -or (人) → 走在前面的人 → 祖先
12. position 一词多义：基本义“位置”
词块：apply for a position, in sb’s position
名词动词化：放置；安放；使处于
重难点词
精讲
amount
搭配义
charge
一词多义
position
一词多义
英语释义
approach
一词多义
announce
一词多义
en词缀
charge词源
根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是“负荷”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。
charge和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus （一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载”有关，比如cargo（货物），carriage （马车；客车车厢），carry (携带；搬运)，career （职业）以及charge
[U] 主管；负责：
① in charge (of sth):
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
② in / under sb’s charge:
The files were left in your charge.
③ take charge of:
To become a successful person, we must be able to take charge of ourselves. 北师大新必修③ – 7
charge n
[C] & [U] 费用；价钱：
Delivery is free of charge.
[C] 指控；罪名：
She was arrested on the charge of theft.
Police dropped the charges against him because of insufficient evidence.
[C] & [U] 电荷；电量：
on charge
a positive / negative charge
vt & vi (向……) 收费；开价：
① charge (sb / sth) for sth:
The disadvantage of the hotel is that it charges for Wi-Fi.
2021 新高考改
② charge sb sth (for sth):
The restaurant only charged me $40 (for wine).
charge v
vt 指控；控告：
charge sb with (doing) sth:
She is charged with murdering her husband.
vt & vi (给……) 充电：
We need to get our car battery charged.
charger n [C] 充电器
vi & vt (向……) 冲；进攻：
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
课文
负荷
（基本义）
charge
罪名的负荷
金钱的负荷
责任的负荷
负责
费用
指控
电荷的负荷
电量
charge语义网络图
n
(向……) 收费；开价
指控；控告
(给……) 充电
(向……) 冲；进攻
v
announce vt
宣告；宣布：
Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
Mr White announced that he would go to China in February.
(尤指在机场或火车站) 广播通知：
The pilot announced with apology that there would be
a slight delay before setting down.
宣布……的到来 / 出席：
Would you announce the guests as they come in
an- (to) + nounce (report 报告) → 通知
【词汇拓展】
announcer n [C] (电视台 / 电台的) 播音员；(机场或车站的) 广播员
announcement n [C] 通告；布告；[U] 宣布；宣告：
make an announcement
I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 全国书面表达
amount
■ n [C] & [U] 数量；数额；总数：
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefit.
注：amounts of / a large (huge / small) amount of 尤与不可数名词连用。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与amount的数保持一致。
Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
There’s only a small amount of food.
a- (加强意义) + -mount- (mountain 山) → 到达山顶 → 到达最顶处 → 总、合
课文
vi
amount to
达到 (某数量)；合计：
At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. 2017 浙江
It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to. 2021 浙江 读后续写
相当于；等于；意味着：
Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing.
翻译句子。
1. 圣诞节就要来临。
______________________________
2. 列车即将进站。
______________________________
approach
Christmas is coming.
approaching
The train is arriving.
approaching
词源：
动词approach由ad “to”+ propiare [拉丁语 prope （near）的比较级]构成，词源义 / 基本义是“come nearer” “靠近；接近”。
vt & vi (距离上) 靠近 (near)；(时间上) 临近； (数量上) 接近
to come near or nearer to sb / sth in space, time, amount, etc.：
approach v
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. 陕西书面表达
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. 2020 浙江读后续写
走近 / 靠近
来临
接近
课文
靠近
vt 与……接洽 to speak to sb usually in order to ask for sth：
The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach.
The students approach their teacher for advice.
vt 处理 to start dealing with a problem, task, etc.：
What’s the best way of approaching this problem / matter / task
表示处理的词还有：
deal with, handle, address
[U] 靠近；接近：
the approach of autumn
The students stopped talking at the teacher’s approach.
[C] 通道；道路 a road or path, etc. leading to sth：
All approaches to the town were blocked.
[C] (处理……的) 方法；(达到……的) 途径 a way of dealing with sb / sth：
She decided to adopt / take a different approach to the problem.
The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well.
approach n
跟to搭配的常见名词有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等
approach语义网络图
v
n
（距离上）靠近；（时间上）临近；（数量上）接近
靠近；接近
与……接洽
通道；道路
（处理……的）方法
（达到……的）途径
“靠近”距离、时间、数量等
“靠近”人
“靠近”事情
处理
靠近
基本义
position
单词拼写：
1. The _____________________（位置）of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming. (2015 浙江)
2. I’m writing to apply for the ___________________（职位）as a student volunteer. (2015 陕西)
location /
position更正式
position
job / post /
position
[C]＆[U] 位置；方位；(恰当或正确的) 位置：
The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. 2023 全国
The orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor.
position 【基本义】位置
n
[C]＆[U] 姿势；(物体所指的) 方向：
Lie in a comfortable position.
Keep the box in an upright position.
[C]＆[U] 地位；身份：
The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other.
[C] [正式用语] 职位；职务 a job (post)：
He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.
[C] (比赛中的) 名次：
She finished the race in third position.
[C] [常用单数] 处境；状况 the state or situation that sb / sth is in：
What would you do if in my position
[C] [常与on 连用] 立场；观点；态度 (attitude)
an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject:
I hope you’ll reconsider your position.
vt 放置；安放；使处于 (place)：
I positioned myself to take the best photo of the sea view.
2017 天津改
名词动词化
位置
（基本义）
place
在社会上的位置
人身体 / 物体的位置
在空间上的位置
位置；方位; (恰当或正确的) 位置
在工作中的位置
比赛中的位置
处境中的位置
观点的位置
position语义网络图
姿势；(物体所指的) 方向
地位；身份
职位；职务
(比赛中的) 名次
处境；状况
立场；观点；态度
n
v
放置；安放；使处于
en- + sure → ensure
en- + able → enable
en- + rich → enrich
en- + danger → endanger
en- + courage → encourage
使役动词词缀 en
“使役动词”前缀 en- 及后缀 -en 可加在形容词和名词前或后构成动词，en 词缀意为 “使”“使成为”“使处于……之中”。
short+ -en → shorten
deaf + -en → deafen
fright + -en → frighten
threat + -en → threaten
light + -en → lighten
使役动词前缀 en-
说出下列单词的词性及汉语释义。
v 确保
v 使能够
v 使遭遇危险
v 鼓励
v 使丰富
v (使) 变短
v (使) 变明亮 / 减轻
v 使震得耳朵发聋
v 使惊吓
v 威胁
1. courtyard court (n 庭) + yard
2. snack 词块：a snack bar
3. eager 词块：be eager for / to do sth
派生词：eagerly, eagerness
4. poet 词族：poem, poet, poetry
5. county 来自count (伯爵)，伯爵管辖的土地 → 郡、县
法国作家大仲马有著名作品《基督山伯爵》 (The Count of Monte Cristo)
6. feast 词块：a wedding feast, a visual feast / a feast for the eyes
本单元词汇梳理
7. roll 名词基本义“卷状物”，名词动词化：使变成卷状物
即“使滚动”
词块：a roll of paper, spring rolls
派生词：rolling (rolling hills)
8. dot 名词动词化“布满；星罗棋布于”(The sky was dotted with stars.)
9. cattle 指牛的总称，不能说a cattle；词块：twenty head of cattle
10. roar 拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音
11. ocean 英式英语用sea，美式用ocean
12. greet 近义词：welcome；词块：greet … with
隐喻：具体的“迎接”某人→ 抽象的“迎接”→ 对……作出反应
派生词：greeting
13. pub 缩写自public house
14. wine 词块：red wine
15. beer 音译词
16. custom custom的本意是“习俗、惯例”，也指“海关、关税”，因为缴纳关税原本是一种惯例。早在古希腊时代，雅典成为爱琴海沿岸的商贸中心。外地商人为了保障自己在当地的贸易权利和利益，就向雅典城邦当局赠送礼物。后来，雅典以使用其港口为名，正式向来往商品征收一定比例的费用。在英国，外地商人进入某地进行商贸活动时，需要向当地领主缴纳一项例行的入市费，称为 customary tolls。因此，custom便衍生了“关税”的含义，通常用其复数形式。后来，custom又用来表示征收关税的场所，即“海关”。
17. sensory sense (感觉) + -ory
18. striking 构词：strike + -ing
词族：strike, striking, stricken
19. crowd 基本义：挤满
词块：a crowd of / crowds of
派生词：crowded (词块 be crowed with)
adj 渴望的；热切的 (keen)：
His classes were crowded with eager students.
① (be) eager to do sth:
Most students are eager to try something new. 2023 新课标改
② (be) eager for sth:
He is eager for success.
eagerly adv 渴望地；热切地
eagerness n [U] 渴望；热切
eager
摇滚乐的英语为什么是 Rock’n’Roll呢？
roll
rock’n’roll中，rock的意思是“推动、撕扯、晃动。roll的词源义是“小车轮”，与rock组合在一起构成俗语“rocking and rolling”。17世纪之后的水手们用这句话来比喻船只的左右晃动。
1920年，“rocking and rolling”从原义上引申为指代跳舞或摇摆身体的某种运动。美国一个叫Alan Freed的电台主持人用“The Rock and Roll Session”来描述一种融合了“rhythm and blues（节奏布鲁斯）”和“country music（乡村音乐）”的新音乐风格。因为他的电台节目极具人气，“rock and roll”这种乐曲风格开始流传，越来越广。
roll
n [C]
卷；卷轴；卷 / 筒状物：
a toilet roll (BrE) / a roll of toilet paper
a roll of film
（正式的）名册；名单：
a roll call
the honor roll / the roll of honor
There are 620 children on the school roll.
The teacher called / took the roll to see if any students were absent.
卷状食品；面包卷：
spring / chicken rolls
■ vi & vt
（使）翻滚；（使）滚动：
The apples fell out of the bag and rolled everywhere.
Tears slowly rolled down her cheeks.
（使）翻身；打滚；（眼睛）转动：
While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back.
Cassie rolled her eyes.
使成筒形 / 球形；卷：
We raced around the garden and rolled a big snowball to make a lovely snowman. 北师大新必修① – 3
There you will find xiaolongbao prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled. 2023 全国改
He rolled up his sleeves.
rolling adj［只用于名词前］起伏的：
rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle
课文
名词动词化
roll 语义网络图
呈卷状的物体
……
卷起的名单
呈卷状的食品
卷；卷轴；卷 / 筒状
使）翻滚；（使）滚动
使成筒形 / 球形；卷
v
n
（正式的）名册；名单
卷状食品；面包卷
……
……
使变成卷状物
即“使滚动”
卷
（基本义）
11月21日是“世界问候日”，是第四次中东战争（Fourth Middle East War）期间（1973年10月6日至10月26日），为促进埃及（Egypt）与以色列（Israel）之间的和平，来自澳大利亚（Australia）的姆可马克（McCormack）与米切尔（Michael）两兄弟自愿宣传并设立的。节日的意义在于向全世界祈祷和平。
不同国家的不同问候方式
greet
World Hello Day
greet vt 打招呼；问候；迎接 (welcome)：
greet the New Year
He greeted his teacher by saying “Good morning!”.
Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet the Beatles. 2019 浙江改
greet ... with
Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.
词汇拓展
greeting n
[C] & [U] 问候；致意；迎接：
They exchanged greetings (= greeted each other) and sat down to lunch.
She waved a friendly greeting.
She raised her hand in greeting.
[复数] 祝词；贺词；问候语：
Christmas / birthday greetings
My mother sends her greetings to you all.
翻译歌词：
歌曲《传奇》中的歌词
“只是因为在人群中多看了你一眼，再也没能忘掉你容颜。”
crowd
仅供参考：
Just because of one more glance at you in the crowd I can’t forget your face from that moment on.
■ n [C] 人群；观众：
the wisdom of crowds 2023 新课标
The crowd erupted into laughter.
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. 2022 新高考 读后续写
a crowd of / crowds of 一大群；很多：
After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was operating.
crowd
■ v
vt 挤满；塞满：
Onlookers crowded the street.
crowd a room with furniture
Memories from high school crowded his mind.
vi 聚集；涌进；蜂拥而至：
Pupils crowded round (their teacher) to ask questions.
Thousands of people have crowded into the small town.
crowded adj 拥挤的；挤满的；装满的：
a crowded road / city / railway station
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
2016 全国
随堂检测
eager
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. We ___________ (eager) looked forward to the day we would leave school.
2. Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager __________ knowledge and experience.
3. As she was leaving she was eager _______ (say) goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. (2021 全国)
4. I wasn’t able to hide my ____________ (eager) when I asked, “What do you wish me to do now ” (2015 湖南)
to say
eagerness
eagerly
for
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” to report their presence.
_____________
2. He made the honor roll means that he was on the list of the best students at school. _____________
3. The photographers had already shot a roll of film. _____________
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. When I was a little kid I ______________________ (滚下来) a hill and broke my leg.
2. She _________________________ (翻身) to let the sun brown her back.
3. _________________________ (卷起) your sleeves and get ready for hard work.
roll
点名
光荣榜
rolled down
rolled over
一卷胶卷
Roll up
greet
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is good manners to greet each other ___________ a smile.
2. As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. (2022 全国)
3. Ms. Li, our English teacher, must have found it strange on Teachers’ Day: she did not receive a single ___________ (greet) cards from us students.
4. My father smiled and raised a thumb ___________ greeting.
5. I send you this short letter so as to extend my holiday ___________ (greet) to you.
with
greeted
greeting
in
greetings
crowd
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. He left the hotel surrounded by crowds ________ journalists.
2. He found it difficult to move in the __________ (crowd) street.
3. The first underground passenger railway allowed people to avoid terrible _______ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (2017 全国语法填空改)
二、根据所给词块及提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 回忆涌上头。(crowd v)
_____________________________________________________
2. 这家餐馆在用餐时间总是客满。(2016 全国) (be crowded with)
_____________________________________________________
3. 要独立思考，不要只是人云亦云。(crowd n)
_____________________________________________________
crowded
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
crowds
of
Memories crowded my mind.
Think for yourself. Don’t just follow the crowd.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
_________ 1. A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.（2022 全国）
_________ 2. The noise shakes the trees as the male gorilla (大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me.（2018 全国改）
_________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
_________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone
_________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension (紧张气氛). (2014 重庆)
费用
冲
指控；控告
给……充电
充满……
charge
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词 或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. I wonder if there’s a service charge ________ our meal.
2. They wanted to charge $5,000 _________ the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
3. We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should ____________ (charge) for parks.
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and __________ (免费的).
2. I was appointed to ____________________________________ (负责) arranging all the activities on that day. (天津 书面表达)
for
for
be charged
free of charge
be in charge of / take charge of
announce
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. ___________
2. But then a week before the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldn’t take the holiday. ___________
二、空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. After graduating from university in 1932, Reagan got a job as a radio sports ___________ (announce).
2. The _______________ (announce) was greeted enthusiastically.
三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. Silence, please. Mr Whte is about to _______________________ (宣布通知).
2. He said the lucky woman ____________________________ (将在网上公布) and the trip will be shared online. (2017 全国)
宣布
宣布 / 宣称 / 郑重其事地说
announcer
announcement
make an announcement
will be announced on the website
amount
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. If you add all these amounts together you get a huge figure.
___________
2. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. (2017 浙江) ___________
二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. I was surprised at ____________________ (工作量) I had to do.
2. I spent ____________________ (大量的时间) preparing for the exam.
达到
数目；数量
a large amount of time
the amount of work
82
一、根据句意选出 approach 的最佳释义。
___________ 1. A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached our table.
___________ 2. It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
___________ 3. He approached me to create and design the restaurant.
___________ 4. The temperatures are approaching 37 C.
靠近
处理
与……接洽
接近
approach
83
二、根据所给汉语用 approach 完成句子。
1. I’ d like to talk about ___________________________ (处理困难的
方法) in learning.
2. There were differences in ____________________________
_____________ (他们教育孩子的方法).
3. I expect ___________________________ (秋天的来临).
4. There is a __________________________ (去市里的新路).
my approach to difficulties
their approach to educating
the approach of autumn
new approach to the city
their children
一、写出下列句子中position的汉语释义。
1. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions. (2019 全国) ______________
2. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts. (2016 全国) ______________
3. Sorry, Doctor White is out of town and I’m not in the position to give out that kind of information. ______________
职位；职务
地位
处境
position
二、用position的适当形式填空。
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __________.
The phones all have cameras, computers and a “global-___________” something or other that’s supposed to spot me from space.
3. One can find his _________ in life in his own way.
positions
positioning
position
随堂检测
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The house belongs ______ my aunt but she doesn’t live here any more.
2. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples ___________ (belong) to two major language groups.
3. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ___________ (belong) when they leave the car.
二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. When I was a boy, I _______________ (是……的成员) the Boy Scouts (童子军), so I used to go camping every summer.
2. In other words, gossip (闲聊) is satisfying because it gives people ________________________ (归属感). (2016 浙江)
belong
to
belonging
belongings
belonged to
a sense of belonging
根据所给汉语及提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 艾美和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。 (2019 天津) (被动, give sb a welcome)
________________________________________________________ when returning to the village last week.
2. 爱伦跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一样好。(2015 陕西) (wish)
Ellen is a fantastic dancer. ___________________________________
3. 这个论坛真的帮助我提高了自信和社交能力，还有我的学习成绩。(grade)
The forum has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills ______________________________.
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome
as well as
I wish I danced as well as her.
as well as my school grades
defence / defense
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client (客户). _______
2. A good diet helps build the body’s natural defences. _____________
3. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. _____________
4. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game (2015 天津) _____________
5. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. ______________
防守
防御
辩护
天然抵抗力
为……辩护 / 辩解
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast (预报) since last month, but all of them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas. (2017 全国)
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low glass-top wooden table.
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.
4. Bill Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 湖边树木环绕。 (被动句)
______________________________________
2. 我很快适应了新的环境。
______________________________________
3. 要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。(2016 浙江) (who引导的定语从句)
______________________________________
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
___________ 1. Your achievement is something to be proud of.
___________ 2. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel ___________ (成就感).
2. Man’s first walk on the moon was __________________________ (一项伟大的科技成就).
3. In the last few years, China has ______________________ (取得重大成就) in environmental protection. (2015 北京改)
成就
达成；完成
achievement
a sense of achievement
a great technological achievement
made great achievements
1. 这次期末考试我们取得了优异的成绩。
___________________________________________
2. 李华终于实现了自己的梦想，考上了北京大学。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
3. 爸爸妈妈对我取得的成就感到骄傲。
___________________________________________
We achieved very good results in the final exams.
Li Hua eventually achieved his dream of going to Peking University.
三、翻译下列句子。
My parents were proud of my achievements.
battle
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They are continuing a long-running legal battle to ask for compensation (赔偿) from the government. ________
2. They won the first battle but still they lost the war. ________
3. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle — these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. ________
4. We have to battle very hard and our defense worked overtime (全力以赴) to keep us in the game. ________
官司
战斗
打一场无望取胜的仗
苦战 / 奋战 / 奋力拼搏
二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. They ______________________ (与……搏斗) the wind and the rain to get here.
2. They __________________ (长期作战) against prejudice (偏见).
3. I realized running was _____________________________ (与自己的较量), not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. (2018 北京)
4. My father _____________________ (与……斗争) cancer for many months.
fought a long battle
battled with / against
battled (with / against)
a battle against / with myself
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. (2020 山东) ___________
2. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. (2019 北京) ___________
3. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and respond well because someone has time for them.
___________
4. The girl has a very individual way of dressing. ___________
individual
(个) 人
单独的 / 单个的
个人的 / 个别的
独特的
本单元金句汇总
1. Victory belongs to the most persevering.
2. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their
dreams.
3. As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
4. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you
to be better.
5. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
6. No one can achieve anything without effort.
7. Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of
achievement.
8. A good beginning is half the battle.
9. I realized running was a battle against myself.
本单元金句汇总
1. Delivery is free of charge.
2. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
3. A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefit.
4. As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.
5. He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.
谢
谢
观
赏
本单元金句汇总
1. His classes were crowded with eager students.
2. He is eager for success.
3. Tears slowly rolled down her cheeks.
4. Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
5. Memories from high school crowded his mind.
Homework
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2.26 今日English作业
完成双成U4 。

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