资源简介 / 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科2025年沪教版(2024)新八年级英语上册精讲精练Unit 3 Our digital lives核心语法:情态动词一、情态动词的基本概念定义:情态动词(Modal Verbs)是一类表示说话人态度、能力、许可、义务或推测的助动词,不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形连用。常见情态动词:can/could(能力/许可/可能性)may/might(许可/可能性)must(义务/肯定推测)shall/should(建议/义务)will/would(意愿/请求)need(需要)dare(敢)二、情态动词的基本用法情态动词 主要用法 例句can/could 1. 表示能力(能/会)2. 表示许可(可以)3. 表示可能性(可能) 1. She can swim well.2. Can I use your pen 3. It could rain tomorrow.may/might 1. 表示许可(可以)2. 表示可能性(也许) 1. May I come in 2. He might be late.must 1. 表示义务(必须)2. 表示肯定推测(一定) 1. You must finish your homework.2. She must be at home now.shall/should 1. 表示建议(应该)2. 表示义务(应当) 1. Shall we go now 2. You should study harder.will/would 1. 表示意愿(愿意)2. 表示请求(请) 1. I will help you.2. Would you open the door need 表示需要(需要) You needn’t worry about it.dare 表示敢于(敢) He dare not speak loudly.三、情态动词的句型结构1、肯定句:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他You must finish your work on time.2、否定句:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他She cannot (can’t) come to the party.3、疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?Can you speak English 4、特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?Why must we leave now 四、情态动词的时态变化1、现在时:can, may, must, shall, will, need, dare2、过去时:could, might, should, would, dared3、将来时:情态动词本身没有将来时形式,但可以用其他方式表达将来意义。will be able to(代替can的将来时)五、易错点与难点1、must与have to的区别:must:主观义务(必须做某事)I must study hard.(我自己认为必须)have to:客观要求(不得不做某事)I have to wear a uniform at school.(学校规定)2、can与be able to的区别:can:表示现在的能力或许可She can swim.be able to:可用于各种时态,强调能力She will be able to swim next year.3、may与might的区别:may:可能性较大It may rain tomorrow.(可能下雨)might:可能性较小It might rain tomorrow.(也许下雨)4、need的用法:need作情态动词时,常用于否定句和疑问句。Need I go now (疑问句)You needn’t hurry.(否定句)1.The book Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover.A.may be B.mustn't be C.must be D.can't be2. Where is grandma I'm not sure She ____cook in the kitchenA.may B.should C.need3.Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep balance, you keep moving.A.must B.can C.can't D.mustn't4.— ________ I go out with my friends, Mom?— No, you can't. You must do your homework first.A.Must B.Have to C.Do D.Can5.— Mom, I've signed for big box by Future Express (快递) . What's in it — I'm not sure. It ________ be a present from your brother.A.might B.must C.should D.will6.—My aunt got her bachelor's degree at 19 and her master's degree at 21.—Oh, she ________a smart student.A.must be B.has always beenC.must have been D.had to be7.— Is that Tom —No, it ______be Tom. He is in Japan now.A.wouldn't B.may not C.mustn't D.can't8.We _______ cross the road when the red light is on.A.must B.need C.mustn't D.needn't9.Look, the light in Mr Black's office is on. He _________ be still working.A.may B.can't C.must D.needn't10.—Jane, ________ I use your English notebook —Sure. ________ you give it to my sister after you use it A.will; Would B.may; Must C.can; Could D.shall; Should11.School students _____ smoke because it is bad for their health and it is against the law.A.needn't B.couldn't C.shouldn't D.may not12.Her husband was able to drive a car last year(找出同义词)A.can B.may C.must D.could13.It's necessary that we __________ wear sports shoes when we have P.E. classes.A.will B.may C.should D.can14. —Must I hand in the book review today —No, you ____. Mr Jiang allows us to hand it in next week.A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't15.You take me to the station. My brother's taking me.A.can't B.mustn't C.shouldn't D.don't have to16.-- Excuse me. where are we going to have our class meeting -- I'm not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.A.can B.may C.need D.shall17.We __________ be more careful, or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.A.might B.can C.may D.should18.—Could you move the desk —________________.A.No, I needn't B.No, I can'tC.No, I couldn't D.No, I can19.We be more careful, or we will make the same mistake in the examination.A.should B.can C.may D.might20.If you often feel uncomfortable, you ___ lie down and have a rest.A.must B.would C.might D.should21.—Is the man in front of the tree your new classmates —It____ be him, but I'm not sure.A.must B.might C.will D.can22.The disabled _______ able to do the same things as common people.A.is B.can beC.are D.can23.— Must I finish the book in two days — No, you .A.reading; mustn't B.reading; needn'tC.to read; needn't D.to read; mustn't24.—What do you want to eat for lunch I will prepare earlier today.—Honey, you ________. Let's go out have something different.A.mustn't B.can't C.shouldn't D.don't have to25.Tom, you ________ cross the road now. The traffic light is still red.A.couldn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.needn't26.You needn't return the book now. You ________ keep it next week if you like.A.should B.must C.can D.have to27. The sign"No smoking"shows that we ____ smoke in public.A.mustn't B.may not C.needn't D.couldn't28.The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight.A.must B.may C.can't D.needn't29. We ____ wait till the traffic light turns green when we cross the road.A.must B.can C.need30.—I argued with my best friend yesterday and I don't know what to do now.—Maybe you ________ say sorry to her.A.must B.should C.need D.may31.According to the new traffic rules, people ____ wear a helmet(头盔)when riding an e-bike to stay safe and follow the law.A.might B.can C.must32.Tommy, you ___play with the knife, you ___get hurt.A.won't; can't B.mustn't; mayC.shouldn't; must D.can't; shouldn't33.You _________ get up so early. It's weekend today.A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.oughtn't34.It is not going to rain, so you _____________ bring your umbrella with you.A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't35.—What else can we do the environment — We plant more trees.A.to protect; should B.protect; need to C.to protect; needn't36. —Look! The woman at the school gate ____be our headmaster.—No, it ____ be her. She is holding a meeting in the office now.A.may; mustn't B.must; mustn'tC.must; can't D.must;must37.-- Do you have any plans for this Sunday -- I'm not sure. I go to the countryside to see my grandmother.A.can B.must C.may D.need38.—________ you dress yourself when you were two years old —No, I couldn't.A.Do B.Did C.Can D.Could39.I __________ lend you so much money.A.can't B.may not C.couldn't D.mustn't40.— May I smoke here, please — I'm afraid you ________. It's a non-smoking area.A.can B.can't C.may D.may not41.A good friend is someone you _____________share your pleasure and pain with.A.can B.need C.should D.must42.Jason shouldn't ___me your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told43.Tommy, you _______ play with the knife; you _______ hurt yourself.A.shouldn't, must B.mustn't, mayC.can't, should D.won't, can44.—Could you please help me clean the room —________, but I have to take the dog for a walk first.A.Yes, sure B.Yes, I could C.Sorry, I can't45.This park has something for everyone. You ________________ have fun and enjoy delicious food.A.should B.must C.can46.All pilots _______ the passengers' safety.A.must be responsible for B.must be responsibleC.can response to D.need response to47. — Mum, what do the words on that sign "You're not allowed to take photos here." mean — They mean we ____ take photos there, son.A.needn't B.mustn'tC.may not D.don't have to48.Could you please ________the rubbish here A.don't put B.not to put C.not put D.to not put49.—I have a cold. You are near the window._____ please close it —OK. You should look after yourself well.A.Could I B.Could you C.Can I D.Can you50.—Must I park my car behind the building —No, you _______. You _______ park it there.A.mustn't; may B.may not; must C.don't have to; may参考答案及试题解析1.C【解析】句意:这本书是Lucy的,看,她的名字在封面上。表示肯定的猜测用must be,其否定式是can't be不可能;may也许;mustn't一定不要(表禁止),根据后一句可知选C。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。2.A【解析】句意:——祖母在哪里?——我不确定。她可能在厨房烹饪。A.may可能;B.should应该;C.need需要。根据I'm not sure可知,此处表示可能性的推测,需用情态动词may,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。注意识记常见情态动词的用法。3.A【解析】句意:生活就像骑自行车。要保持平衡,你必须不断前进。must必须;can能,会;can't不能;mustn't一定不能,表禁止;根据Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep balance和常识可知自行车要保持平衡,必须不断前进,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词。注意识记must的用法。4.D【解析】句意:——妈妈,我能和我的朋友出去吗?——不,你不能。你必须先做作业。A: Must必须; B: Have to 不得不,必须;C: Do没有词义,助动词; D: Can能。根据答语 No, you can't. 可知上文是由情态动词can开头的一般疑问句,故选D。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。理解动词词义和用法,根据语境,选择正确的动词。5.A【解析】句意:——妈妈, 我已经签了未来快车公司送来的大箱子 。里面是什么?——我不确定。可能是你哥哥送的礼物。根据 I'm not sure. 可知语气不太肯定。might可能是,表不太肯定的推测 ,must一定,必须表非常肯定的推测, should应该, will将是。故选A。【点评】考查情态动词。注意识记情态动词的含义和不同用法。6.A【解析】句意:—— 我姑姑19岁获得学士学位,21岁获得硕士学位。 ——哦,她一定是个聪明的学生。 A.一定是,指现在;B. 一直是,包括现在;C. 一定是,表示对过去的肯定推测,以前一定是;D. 必须是,指过去。此处表示对现在的肯定推测,用must be。故选A。【点评】考查情态动词,注意一般现在时和情态动词must的用法。7.D【解析】句意:—那是汤姆吗?—不是,不可能是汤姆。他现在在日本。wouldn't 不会;may not 可能不;mustn't 不允许,表禁止;can't 不可能,表推测。根据He is in Japan now可知汤姆现在在日本,所以不可能是汤姆。故答案选D。【点评】考查情态动词,首先识记其意思,然后根据关键词确定。8.C【解析】句意:当红灯亮时我们禁止穿过马路。A.必须;B.需要;C.禁止;D.没必要。根据when the red light is on 当红灯亮时,结合常识可知红灯亮时我们禁止穿过马路,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词,首先理解情态动词意思,然后根据前后句句意和常识确定。9.C【解析】句意: 看,布莱克先生办公室的灯亮着。他一定还在工作。A可能,B不可能,C必须,一定,D不需要。根据Look, the light in Mr Black's office is on.可知,他一定还在工作。故选C。【点评】考查动词。注意情态动词用法的识记。10.C【解析】句意:——Jane,我可以用下你的英语笔记本吗?——当然。在你用完后可以给我妹妹吗?选项中will, shall 一般用于将来时态,向别人请求、许可可用 can, could 或may。此处是向别人借东西,排除A、D两项;must 不用于疑问句表示请求,疑问句表示请求一般用 can, could 或 may,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词,注意can, could 或may向别人表示请求许可的用法。11.C【解析】句意:在校学生不应该吸烟因为那对他们的健康有害并且也违背法律。此处表示不应该,故选C。【点评】本体考查情态动词的辨析。12.D【解析】be able to能够,和can是同义词,但注意时态,用一般过去时;句意:她丈夫去年会开车了。故选D。【点评】该题目考查的是情态动词辨析,根据句意区分,要注意时态变化,较容易。13.C【解析】句意:我们上体育课的时候穿运动鞋是很有必要的。A:will将要;B:may可能;C:should应该;D:can可能。根据空格后wear sports shoes when we have P.E. classes. 我们上体育课的时候穿运动鞋。可知此处是表示一种建议,我们应该穿运动鞋,情态动词should可以表示建议,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词,注意识记should的用法。14.B【解析】句意:——我今天必须交书评吗?——不,你不需要。江先生允许我们下星期交。A不能/不可能;B不需要;C禁止;D不应该。根据 Mr Jiang allows us to hand it in next week. 江先生允许我们下星期交 ,可知是不需要。故选B。【点评】考查情态动词。注意熟记对情态动词must提问进行否定回答时,应用needn't"不需要"。15.D【解析】句意:你没必要带我去车站了。我哥哥将我带去。can't意为“不能”;mustn't意为“不准”;shouldn't意为“不应该”;don't have to意为“没必要”。故选D。【点评】本题考查情态动词。16.B【解析】句意:——打扰一下,我们会去哪里开会? ——我不确定,去问问班长,他……知道。can意为“能,可以”,may意为“可能”,表推测,need意为“需要”,shall意为“可以”,一般主语是第一人称。根据句意可知选B。【点评】考查情态动词的用法。17.D【解析】句意:我们应该更加小心,否则我们会在实验中犯同样的错误。might可能,can能够,may可以,可能,should应该,根据后面we will make the same mistake in the experiment.可知,我们在实验中应该更加小心。表示有责任有义务,要用should,故选:D。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。注意识记might,can,may和should词义及用法,根据语境选择合适的答案。18.B【解析】句意:--你能移动这个桌子吗?--不,我不能。这里应该做出否定回答,对于Could you+动词的原形+其他,做否定回答用can't。根据句意,故选B。【点评】本题考查could的词以及用法,在这里could只表示语气委婉,不表示一般过去时。这种情况否定回答就是No, I can't。19.A【解析】句意:我们应该更加细心一点,否则我们将在考试中犯同样的错误。should应该;can能,may可能,可以;might可能,根据 or we will make the same mistake in the examination. 可知我们应该更细心,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。掌握情态动词的用法,根据上下文的联系确定所使用的情态动词。20.D【解析】句意:如果你经常感到不舒服,你应该躺下休息一下。must必须,指主观意愿,would愿意,might或许,should应该,你病了,你应该去休息,客观条件的一种需要,故选D。【点评】此题考查情态动词辨析。注意每个情态动词在不同环境的使用。21.B【解析】句意:—— 树前的那个男人是你的新同学吗?—— 可能是他,但我不确定。A一定,B可能,C将会,D能。根据I'm not sure,可知表示不确定,要用情态动词may,表示半肯半否推测,故选B。【点评】考查情态动词,注意词汇之间的细微差别,如近义词、反义词、同义词等。运用语境和常识,结合题目中的语境和常识来判断选项的正确性。22.C【解析】句意:残疾人可以和普通人做一样的事情。be able to do sth.表示能够做某事,故选C。【点评】本体考查be able to。23.B【解析】句意:——我必须在两天内读完这本书吗?——不,你不需要。finish doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“完成某事”,故C、D选项可排除。mustn't禁止,needn't不必,根据英语表达习惯,用must提问的一般疑问句,否定回答应用needn't,故选B。【点评】考查固定搭配和情态动词,注意平时识记固定搭配finish doing sth.,理解句意。24.D【解析】句意:——你午餐想吃什么?我今天早些时候准备。——亲爱的,你不必这么做。我们出去吃点不一样的东西吧。A: mustn't禁止; B: can't 不可以;C: shouldn't 不应该;D: don't have to不必。根据下文 Let's go out have something different. 可知没不要准备。故选D。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。理解情态动词的词义和用法,根据语境,选择正确的情态动词。25.C【解析】句意:汤姆,你现在禁止过马路。交通灯还是红灯。A不能,B不会,C禁止,D不必,根据交通灯还是红灯,可知禁止过马路,故用mustn't,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词辨析,注意识记mustn't的用法。26.C【解析】句意:你现在不必还书。如果你愿意的话,可以保留到下周。A.应该;B.必须;C.可以;D.不得不。你现在不必还书。if you like如果你愿意的话,keep it next week下周保留它,结合选项可知是如果你喜欢你可以保存它,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词,首先理解情态动词词义,然后根据前后句句意确定情态动词。27.A【解析】句意:"禁止吸烟"的标志表明我们在公共场所禁止吸烟。A: 禁止;B: 可能不会;C: 不必;D: 不能。根据 The sign"No smoking" "禁止吸烟"的标志,可知是表明我们在公共场所禁止吸烟。故选A。【点评】考查情态动词。注意熟记情态动词must"必须",否定形式mustn't"禁止"。28.D【解析】句意:设计者已经尝试了所有可能的方法使机器变轻,所以你不必担心它的重量。must必须;一定;may可以;可能;can't不能;不可能;needn't不必,没有必要。根据句意The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light可知,设计者在努力使机器变轻,所以担心是没有必要的。故选D。【点评】考查情态动词,首先识记情态动词词义,然后根据句意确定。29.A【解析】句意:我们过马路时必须等到交通灯变绿。must必须;can可以;need需要。根据"We ... wait till the traffic light turns green when we cross the road."可知,必须等到交通灯变绿才能过马路,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。注意正确理解选项中情态动词的意思,根据题目所给语境选择正确的情态动词。30.B【解析】句意:—我昨天和最好的朋友吵架了,我现在不知道怎么办了。—或许你应该跟她道歉。must必须;should应该;need需要;may可以;也许。吵架后想和好就应该向对方道歉,此处表示一种建议。故答案选B。【点评】考查情态动词的辨析。31.C【解析】句意:根据新的交通规则,人们骑电动自行车时必须戴头盔,以确保安全并遵守法律。might可能;can能;must必须。根据"According to the new traffic rules, people...wear a helmet"可知交规规定必须要戴头盔。故选C。【点评】考查情态动词辨析。注意识记must的用法。32.B【解析】句意: Tommy ,你不应该玩小刀,你可能会伤到你自己的。mustn't表示“禁止”“绝对不可”;may表示“可能”。根据常识,刀是危险物品,小孩应该禁止玩刀,玩刀可能会伤着自己,第一空应该用mustn't,第二空应用应该用may,故选B。【点评】考查情态动词的用法,注意理解句意。33.C【解析】 mustn't禁止,一定不;can't不能,不可能;needn't不必; oughtn't不应该;句意:你不必起得这么早。今天是周末。结合语境可知选C。【点评】情态动词的考查是初中英语考查的重点,平时学习中一定要熟记这些词的基本词义及用法上的不同,注意其用法及在句子中表达语气的不同。考试中结合语境选择合适答案。34.A【解析】句意:天不会下雨,所以你不必带伞。needn't不必;mustn't一定不能;can't不能;shouldn't不应该;根据 It is not going to rain ,可知天不会下雨,不必带伞,故答案为A。【点评】考查情态动词。注意识记needn't的用法。35.A【解析】句意“——我们还能做什么来保护环境?——我们应该多种树。”保护环境“是我们所做事情的目的,使用动词不定式做目的状语,should应该,need需要,结合语境可知答案,故答案是A。【点评】考查动词不定式做目的状语,考查情态动词辨析。注意要结合语境分析问题。36.C【解析】句意:——看!学校门口的那个女人肯定是我们的校长。--不,一定不是她。她现在正在办公室开会。"第一个空,根据句意可知,说话人是在对"学校门口的那个女人是我们的校长"这件事进行推测,且语气比较肯定,所以第一个空应该填表示推测且语气肯定的情态动词。"may"表示"可能",语气不够肯定,所以排除选项A。"must"表示"一定",语气肯定,符合题意,所以第一个空填"must";第二个空,根据句意可知,第二个说话人是在对"学校门口的那个女人是我们的校长"这件事进行否定推测,所以第二个空应该填表示否定推测的情态动词。"mustn't"表示"禁止",不符合题意,所以排除选项B和选项D。"can't"表示"不可能",符合题意,所以第二个空填"can't"。故选C。【点评】考查情态动词辨析,区分may ,must,can't 以及mustn't的含义和应用。37.C【解析】句意:——你周末有计划吗? ——我不确定,我……去乡村看望我奶奶。may表示“可能”时,通常用于陈述句中,可能性较小,表示不确定;can表示“可能”时,常用于否定句或疑问句中。must意为“必须”,need意为“需要”,由“I'm not sure. ”可知空格处表示“或许,可能”,可能性小。故选C。【点评】考查情态动词的用法。38.D【解析】句意:当你两岁的时候你能自己穿衣服吗?根据回答中的 couldn't,可知用could提问,故选D。【点评】考查情态动词和一般疑问句及它的回答,注意一般疑问句的句式。39.A【解析】句意:我不可能借给你那么多的钱。A 不可能,语气较为强烈;B 可能不会,委婉语气;C 不可能,表示过去;D 千万不,表示禁止。根据题干中的so much money可知,语气较为强烈,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词的区别。注意它们的含义及用法上的区别。40.B【解析】句意:—我可以在这里吸烟吗?—恐怕你不能。这是无烟区。can't 不能;may not不可以,语气生硬,一般不用来拒绝其他人,结合句意,故选B。【点评】考查情态动词,回答may提问的句子,表示不能应使用can't。41.A【解析】句意:好朋友是一个你可以与之分享快乐和痛苦的人。A: can能、能够、可以;B: need需要;C: should应该;D: must必须,一定。 根据句意,情态动词can和句意相符。故选A。【点评】考查情态动词。注意掌握情态动词的用法和词义。42.A【解析】句意:Jason 不该告诉我你的秘密,但他没有恶意。shouldn't have+过去分词”表示“过去本来不应该做(但已经做)某事”,故选A。【点评】考查should have+过去分词的用法。43.B【解析】句意:托尼,你不能玩小刀,你可能伤到自己。玩小刀很危险,应该是不准玩,用mustn't,表示不能,禁止,hurt yourself是可能发生的事情,用may,故答案为B。【点评】本题考查情态动词辨析,注意这些情态动词的意义和不同的用法。44.A45.C【解析】句意: 这个公园有每个人玩得东西。你可以玩得开心,享受美味的食物。A.应该;B.必须;C.可以。根据This park has something for everyone. 可知,此处指可以在公园玩得开心,故选C。【点评】考查动词辨析。注意理解单词词义,理解句意。46.A【解析】句意:所有的飞行员必须为所有乘客的安全负责。be responsible for,对……负责,情态动词+ 动词原形,故选A。【点评】考查情态动词和固定搭配的用法,注意识记be responsible for的用法。47.B【解析】分析】句意:——妈妈,在标牌上的字"你不被允许在这拍照。"意思是什么?——它们意味着我们不能在这拍照,儿子。A不必,B禁止,C可能不,D不必,根据You're not allowed to take photos here.可知不被允许在这拍照,也就是禁止在这拍照,B符合题意,故选B。【点评】考查情态动词。注意识记常见的情态动词的用法。48.C【解析】句意:请问你能不把垃圾放在这吗?could是情态动词,后跟动词原形,否定结构not放在情态动词的后面,故选C。【点评】考查情态动词的用法。牢记情态动词的否定结构。49.B【解析】句意:——我感冒了。你靠近窗户。可以请你关了它吗?——好的。你应该好好照顾你自己。根据 I have a cold. You are near the window. 我感冒了,你靠近窗户,可知是请求对方关一下窗户,情态动词应用could,人称代词用you,故选B。【点评】考查情态动词。注意can的语气比could强烈,请求帮助时一般用could。50.C【解析】以must开头的一般疑问句的否定性常用needn't和not have to来回答,这是习惯性表示,在肯定句中may表示可以,must表示必须,故选C。【点评】对于习惯性的英语的表达方式要死记。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览