资源简介 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识点总结(人教版八年级上册)一、单元主题与学习目标主题:围绕家庭生活展开,涉及家庭活动、家居环境、邻里互动等内容。目标:掌握与家庭相关的词汇、短语及句型,能描述家庭生活场景和活动。二、重点词汇(一)四会词(要求会听、说、读、写)pack v. 打包;收拾bathroom n. 浴室;洗手间bedroom n. 卧室invite v. 邀请arrival n. 到达yet adv. (用于否定句和疑问句)还but conj. 但是add v. 添加;加biscuit n. 饼干borrow v. 借plan v. 策划;打算 n. 计划;方案treasure n. 宝物;财富 v. 珍视hunt v.&n. 搜寻;狩猎lift n. 搭便车;电梯 v. 举起;抬起until prep. 到……时;直到……为止movie n. 电影dead adj. 不运行的;死的note n. 笔记;记录;便条 v. 注意;指出community n. 社区;社团rubbish n. 垃圾almost adv. 差不多;几乎journey n. 旅行;历程 v. 旅行pull v.&n. 拉;拖;拽familiar adj. 熟悉的joke n. 笑话 v. 开玩笑several pron. 几个;一些nod v.&n. 点(头)writer n. 作者text n. 正文;文本 v. (用手机给某人)发短信describe v. 描述;形容wherever adv.&conj. 无论去哪里;在任何地方matter v. 要紧 n. 问题perhaps adv. 也许;可能plate n. 盘子;碟子freshly adv. 刚刚smell v. 发臭;闻到 n. 气味;臭味joy n. 喜悦;乐趣apartment n. 房间;公寓套房block n. 大楼;街区;大块 v. 阻挡;堵塞cover v. 遮盖;包括 n. 遮盖物;封皮scissors n. (pl.)剪刀glue n. 胶水 v. 粘贴(二)词形变化invite v. 邀请 → invitation n. 邀请;请柬describe v. 描述 → description n. 描述familiar adj. 熟悉的 → familiarity n. 熟悉joke n. 笑话 v. 开玩笑 → jokingly adv. 开玩笑地(三)重点短语(结构)pack up 打包hang up 挂起;挂断电话living room 客厅add sth to sth 把……加入……go shopping 去购物treasure hunt 寻宝游戏give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人be careful with 注意;当心the movies 电影院;电影产业take notes 做笔记clean up 清扫share sth with sb 把……与……分享no matter 不论;不要紧(四)非四会词(会读、听懂)sort v. 把……分类;整理 n. 种类balcony n. 阳台luggage n. 行李ah int. 啊(表示高兴、惊奇等)mm int. 嗯(表示喜欢、同意等)decorate v. 装饰;装潢poster n. 海报paper-cut n. 剪纸三、重点词汇用法详解(一)invite 的搭配invite sb to sth(邀请某人参加某事):She invited us to her party.(她邀请我们参加她的派对)。invite sb to do sth(邀请某人做某事):He invited me to go shopping.(他邀请我去购物)。名词形式 invitation,如:accept an invitation(接受邀请)。(二)add 的短语add...to...(把……加入……):Add sugar to the coffee.(把糖加入咖啡)。add to(增加;增添):The rain added to our difficulty.(下雨增加了我们的困难)。add up to(总数是):These numbers add up to 100.(这些数字总和是100)。(三)borrow/lend/keep易混词 用法 例句borrow 借入,borrow sth from sb I borrowed a book from the library.(我从图书馆借了一本书)。lend 借出,lend sth to sb She lent her pen to me.(她把笔借给了我)。keep 保留(一段时间),与for连用 You can keep the book for a week.(这本书你可以借一周)。(四)until 的用法作介词或连词,表“直到……为止”,肯定句中谓语用延续性动词,否定句中用非延续性动词(not...until...),如:He waited until 10 o'clock.(他等到10点);I didn't leave until he came.(直到他来我才离开)。(五)smell 的多义性作动词:“闻起来”(连系动词,后接形容词),如:The flowers smell sweet.(花闻起来很香);“闻到”(及物动词),如:I smelt smoke.(我闻到了烟味)。作名词:“气味”,如:the smell of bread(面包的气味)。四、重点句型解析(一)情态动词 could/can 表请求Could you please...?(委婉请求):Could you please help me?(你能帮我吗?),肯定回答:Sure./No problem.Can you...?(请求):Can you pass the salt?(你能递一下盐吗?),否定回答:Sorry, I can't.(二)动词不定式作目的状语结构:to do sth 表“为了……”,如:We got up early to catch the train.(我们早起去赶火车);To study well, he works hard.(为了学好,他努力学习)。五、语法知识:情态动词 could 与 cancould:表委婉请求,语气比 can 客气,如:Could you give me a lift?(你能顺路带我一程吗?),回答用 can,不用 could。can:表能力或请求,如:I can swim.(我会游泳);Can I use your phone?(我能用你的手机吗?)。六、易混词汇对比(一)journey/trip/travel易混词 用法 例句journey 长途旅行(尤指陆路) a long journey to Beijing(去北京的长途旅行)。trip 短途旅行 a day trip(一日游)。travel 泛指旅行(不可数) I like travel.(我喜欢旅行)。(二)familiar 的搭配be familiar with(对……熟悉):He is familiar with this area.(他对这个地区很熟悉)。be familiar to(为……所熟悉):This song is familiar to me.(这首歌我很熟悉)。七、教材原句解析“Mum, can I invite my friends to our new house?”解析:invite sb to sp 表“邀请某人去某地”,体现家庭场景中邀请朋友的表达。“Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon?”解析:give sb a lift 表“顺路载某人一程”,could 表委婉请求,语气礼貌。“We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.”解析:不定式 to catch 作目的状语,表“早起”的目的是“赶火车”。八、学习策略与记忆技巧主题关联记忆:将词汇与家庭场景结合,如:bedroom(卧室)、bathroom(浴室)、living room(客厅)。词形转换:动词变名词:invite→invitation、describe→description。形容词变副词:fresh→freshly、familiar→familiarly。语法口诀:“could 表请求,委婉又客气;can 表能力,请求也可以;回答不用 could,can 来代替。”短语对比:hang up(挂断)vs pick up(捡起)clean up(清扫)vs put up(张贴)语境运用:用家庭活动造句,如:We plan to clean up the living room.(我们计划清扫客厅)。近义词辨析:通过例句区分 borrow/lend,如:I borrow from you, you lend to me.(我向你借,你借给我)。功能分类:将家居词汇归类,如:房间(bedroom, bathroom)、物品(plate, scissors)、活动(pack up, go shopping)。反义词配对:dead(死的)→ alive(活的);borrow(借入)→ lend(借出)。介词搭配:记忆 until(直到)、with(和……一起)的用法。习语积累:no matter(无论)、take notes(做笔记)。语法应用:刻意练习 could 的委婉请求,如:Could you please pass the plate?(你能递一下盘子吗?)。场景联想:想到“家庭聚会”时,联想 invite(邀请)、joke(笑话)、share(分享)。构词法记忆:掌握 -er 后缀:write→writer(作者)、teach→teacher(教师)。词义拓展:了解 lift 既表“电梯”也表“搭便车”,如:take a lift(坐电梯/搭便车)。副词辨析:almost(几乎)vs nearly(差不多),通过语境区分。句式转换:将不定式目的状语改为 in order to,如:He studies hard to pass→He studies hard in order to pass.情感词汇:区分 joy(喜悦)和 pleasure(愉快),如:the joy of family(家庭的喜悦)。实用短语:掌握 pack up(打包)的用法,如:I need to pack up my clothes.(我需要打包我的衣服)。九、核心词汇场景应用(一)plan 的搭配拓展plan to do sth(计划做某事):She plans to decorate the living room this weekend.(她计划这周末装饰客厅)。make a plan for(为……制定计划):We made a plan for the treasure hunt.(我们为寻宝游戏制定了计划)。(二)lift 的双重含义应用作“电梯”讲时:We took the lift to the 10th floor.(我们乘电梯到了10楼)。作“搭便车”讲时:He gave me a lift to the community center.(他顺路载我去社区中心)。(三)cover 的多义用法表“遮盖”:She covered the table with a cloth.(她用布盖住了桌子)。表“包括”:The course covers many home-related skills.(这门课程包括许多家庭相关技能)。十、短语辨析与拓展(一)hang up 的双重含义表“挂断电话”:She hung up before I could say goodbye.(我还没来得及说再见她就挂了电话)。表“挂起”:We hung up the posters on the wall.(我们把海报挂在了墙上)。(二)no matter 的用法后接疑问词,表“无论……”:No matter where you go, home is the sweetest.(无论你去哪里,家都是最甜蜜的)。十一、语法难点突破(一)情态动词 could 与 can 的回答差异用 Could you... 提问时,肯定回答用“Yes, I can.”,否定回答用“Sorry, I can't.”,不用 could 回应,如:—Could you help clean up —Yes, I can.(—你能帮忙清扫吗?—是的,我可以)。(二)动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词时后置,如:I have a lot of things to pack up.(我有很多东西要打包),其中“to pack up”修饰“things”。十二、易混词对比强化(一)journey 与 tripjourney 指较长的旅途,尤指陆路旅行:The train journey to the village was tiring.(去村庄的火车旅程很累)。trip 指短途旅行:We had a day trip to the nearby park.(我们去附近的公园玩了一天)。(二)smell 作连系动词与实义动词连系动词(后接形容词):The soup smells delicious.(汤闻起来很香)。实义动词(表“闻到”):I smelt something burning in the kitchen.(我闻到厨房里有东西烧焦了)。十三、教材原句深度解析“Helen, can I borrow your chess set ”解析:borrow 表“借入”,常用搭配 borrow sth from sb,此处省略 from you,体现向他人借物品的日常表达。“Can I stay out until eleven ”解析:until 此处作介词,表“直到……为止”,用于询问在外停留的截止时间,符合家庭场景中对时间的约定。十四、学习误区提醒误:I have borrowed this book for a week.(×)正:I have kept this book for a week.(√)(borrow 是非延续性动词,不能与表一段时间的状语连用,需用 keep)。误:Add the sugar in the coffee.(×)正:Add the sugar to the coffee.(√)(add 与 to 搭配,表“把……加入……”)。十五、文化与学科链接家庭相关表达:paper-cut(剪纸)是中国传统家居装饰元素,常与 decorate(装饰)搭配使用,如:We used paper-cuts to decorate the windows.(我们用剪纸装饰窗户)。十六、高频考点链接题目:We plan ______ (have) a party for our grandparents.答案:to have(考查 plan to do sth 结构)。题目:—Could I use your scissors —______.A. Yes, you could B. Sorry, you can't答案:B(could 表委婉请求,回答用 can)。十七、记忆口诀汇总(一)borrow/lend/keep 用法口诀“borrow 借入 from 来源,lend 借出 to 对方;keep 表持续,for 后接时长。”(二)until 用法口诀“until 表直到,肯定延续否瞬间;not...until 是关键,直到才把动作变。”十八、记忆技巧补充词根词缀串联:动词变名词:invite→invitation(-ation 后缀)、describe→description(-ption 后缀)。场景归类记忆:家居物品:scissors(剪刀)、glue(胶水)、plate(盘子),集中记忆家庭手工相关词汇。对比表格记忆:词 用法 例句borrow 借入,from borrow a book from the librarylend 借出,to lend a pen to a friendkeep 保留,for keep the magazine for 3 days 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览