资源简介 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 知识点总结(人教版八年级上册)一、单元主题与学习目标主题:围绕动植物展开,介绍动植物的特征、作用及与人类的关系,强调保护生物的重要性。目标:掌握与动植物相关的词汇、短语及最高级用法,能描述动植物的特点和生态作用。二、重点词汇(一)四会词(要求会听、说、读、写)bamboo n. 竹;竹子popular adj. 广受欢迎的;流行的goodness n. 美德;营养tool n. 工具;手段actually adv. 实际上;居然shoot n. 幼苗;嫩芽 v. 开(枪);射appear v. 出现;看来;好像land n. 陆地;土地 v. 降落;着陆rose n. 玫瑰;蔷薇butterfly n. 蝴蝶wing n. 翅膀;翼weigh v. 有……重;称重量kg n. 千克;公斤believe v. 相信;认为有可能connect v. 关联;连接connected adj. 连接的;相关的without prep. 没有;缺乏imagine v. 想象;猜想honey n. 蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的connection n. 联系;连接action n. 行动;行为per cent n. 百分之…… adv.&adj. 每一百中planet n. 行星store v. 贮存;存储 n. 百货商店;商店communicate v. 交流;沟通protect v. 保护;防护importance n. 重要性human n. 人 adj. 人的;人类的ant n. 蚂蚁happiness n. 幸福;快乐disappoint v. 使失望;使破灭ton n. 吨role n. 作用;职能;角色climate n. 气候ocean n. 大海;海洋except prep. 除……外;除了tiny adj. 极小的;微小的lively adj. 精力充沛的;生机勃勃的(二)词形变化popular adj. 流行的 → popularity n. 普及weigh v. 称重 → weight n. 重量imagine v. 想象 → imagination n. 想象力disappoint v. 使失望 → disappointed adj. 失望的;disappointing adj. 令人失望的protect v. 保护 → protection n. 保护connect v. 连接 → connection n. 联系(三)重点短语(结构)folding fan 折扇feel free (to do sth) 可以随便做某事up to 接近;直到take a walk 散步be connected with/to 与……连接;与……有关联in fact 确切地说;实际上for this reason 出于这个原因in order to 为了;以便play a part (in sth) 参与某事be home to sb/sth 有……;是……的家乡play a role (in) 在……发挥作用;扮演角色the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋(四)非四会词(会读、听懂)moss n. 苔藓redwood n. 红杉;红木cheetah n. 猎豹folding adj. 折叠式的;可折叠的yeah int. 是的;对African adj. 非洲的;非洲人的 n. 非洲人peony n. 牡丹;芍药lotus n. 莲花frog n. 蛙;青蛙ginkgo n. 银杏province n. 省份pollination n. 授粉pollen n. 花粉honeycomb n. 蜂巢ecosystem n. 生态系统title n. 标题;题目;名称mushroom n. 蘑菇;伞菌pea n. 豌豆三、重点词汇用法详解(一)popular 的搭配be popular with...(受……欢迎):This singer is popular with young people.(这位歌手受年轻人欢迎)。be popular for...(因……受欢迎):The city is popular for its beautiful scenery.(这座城市因美景受欢迎)。(二)weigh 与 weightweigh v. 称重,如:How much does the elephant weigh?(这头大象重多少?)。weight n. 重量,短语:lose weight(减肥)、put on weight(增重),如:She wants to lose weight.(她想减肥)。(三)without 的用法介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,表“没有”,如:We can't live without water.(没有水我们无法生存);He left without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就离开了)。(四)imagine 的搭配imagine sth(想象某事):Can you imagine life on Mars?(你能想象火星上的生活吗?)。imagine doing sth(想象做某事):I imagine flying like a bird.(我想象像鸟一样飞翔)。imagine that 从句:She imagined that she could win.(她想象自己能赢)。(五)except/except for/besides易混词 用法 例句except 除……外(不包括),同类排除 All are here except Tom.(除了汤姆都在)。except for 美中不足,不同类排除 The room is clean except for a few books.(房间很干净,除了几本书)。besides 除……外(还包括) I have other books besides this.(除了这本我还有其他书)。四、重点句型解析(一)one of 结构表“……之一”,后接可数名词复数,谓语用单数,如:Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.(竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的题材之一)。结构:one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词,如:Tigers are one of the most dangerous animals.(老虎是最危险的动物之一)。(二)in order to 表目的意为“为了”,后接动词原形,如:They work hard in order to protect the environment.(他们努力工作是为了保护环境)。可转换为 in order that 从句,如:He studies hard in order to pass = He studies hard in order that he can pass.(他努力学习为了通过考试)。五、语法知识:形容词和副词的最高级(一)规则变化情况 变化方法 例词一般情况 加 -est cold→coldest以 e 结尾 加 -st nice→nicest辅元辅结构 双写辅音加 -est big→biggest以“辅音+y”结尾 变 y 为 i 加 -est easy→easiest多音节词 加 most beautiful→most beautiful(二)不规则变化原级 最高级good/well bestbad/badly worstmany/much mostlittle leastfar farthest/furthest(三)用法用于三者及以上比较,前加 the(副词最高级的 the 可省略),如:The blue whale is the largest animal.(蓝鲸是最大的动物)。常与 in/of 短语连用表范围,如:She is the tallest in her class.(她是班上最高的)。选择疑问句中用最高级,如:Which is the most beautiful,the rose or the lotus?(玫瑰和莲花哪个最美?)。六、易混词汇对比(一)disappointed/disappointing词 用法 例句disappointed 修饰人,“感到失望的” He was disappointed with the result.(他对结果失望)。disappointing 修饰物,“令人失望的” The news is disappointing.(这消息令人失望)。(二)protect 相关短语protect...from/against...(保护……免受……):We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.(我们戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受阳光伤害)。七、教材原句解析“In fact, without their work, about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow.”解析:without 表“没有”,强调蜜蜂等昆虫对植物生长的重要性,per cent 表百分比。“Frogs play an important role in our planet's ecosystem.”解析:play a role in 表“在……中发挥作用”,体现青蛙在生态系统中的重要性。“Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.”解析:one of 结构表“之一”,most popular 为最高级,说明竹子在中国画中的地位。八、学习策略与记忆技巧主题关联记忆:将词汇与动植物关联,如:butterfly(蝴蝶)、rose(玫瑰)、bamboo(竹子)、ecosystem(生态系统)。词形转换:动词变名词:protect→protection、connect→connection。形容词变名词:popular→popularity、important→importance。语法口诀:“最高级,有标记,一般词尾加 -est;辅音加 y 变 i 加 est,多音节词 most 前提;若是三者来比较,the 字千万莫忘记。”短语对比:in order to(为了)vs so that(以便)play a role(发挥作用)vs play a part(参与)语境运用:用最高级描述动植物,如:The cheetah is the fastest animal.(猎豹是最快的动物)。近义词辨析:通过例句区分 except/besides,如:We all went except him.(除他外我们都去了);We all went besides him.(包括他我们都去了)。功能分类:将动物词汇归类,如:insects(昆虫):ant(蚂蚁)、butterfly(蝴蝶);plants(植物):rose(玫瑰)、bamboo(竹子)。反义词配对:popular(流行的)→ unpopular(不流行的);protect(保护)→ destroy(破坏)。介词搭配:记忆 without(没有)、except(除了)的用法。习语积累:in fact(事实上)、for this reason(出于这个原因)。语法应用:刻意练习 one of 结构,如:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.(上海是中国最大的城市之一)。场景联想:想到“生态系统”时,联想 ecosystem(生态系统)、pollination(授粉)、role(作用)。构词法记忆:掌握 -tion 后缀:protect→protection、imagine→imagination。词义拓展:了解 land 既表“土地”也表“着陆”,如:The plane will land soon.(飞机即将着陆)。副词辨析:actually(实际上)vs really(真地),通过语境区分。句式转换:将最高级改为比较级,如:He is the tallest → He is taller than any other student.情感词汇:区分 disappointed(失望的)和 sad(悲伤的),如:He was disappointed at failing.(他因失败而失望)。实用短语:掌握 feel free to do 的用法,如:Feel free to ask questions.(随时可以提问)。九、核心词汇场景应用(一)popular 的深度用法作为形容词,除表示“流行的”外,常见搭配“be popular with...”强调受特定群体欢迎,如“Chinese food is popular with foreigners”(中餐受外国人欢迎)。其名词形式 popularity 表示“普及度”,如“The popularity of bamboo art is growing”(竹艺的普及度正在提升)。(二)weigh 的多义应用作及物动词表“称重”时,常见搭配“weigh+宾语+单位”,如“The worker weighed the apple and said it was 200 grams”(工人称了苹果,说它重200克)。作连系动词表“有……重”时,直接接重量,如“The baby weighs 3.5 kilos”(这个婴儿重3.5千克)。(三)protect 的搭配拓展核心短语“protect...from/against...”中,from 侧重“免受有形伤害”,against 侧重“抵御抽象威胁”,如“Trees protect us from the sun”(树保护我们免受日晒)、“Laws protect wildlife against illegal hunting”(法律保护野生动物免受非法捕猎)。十、短语辨析与拓展(一)in order to 与 so as to两者均表“为了”,in order to 可放句首或句中,so as to 多用于句中,如“In order to collect honey, bees work hard”(为了采蜜,蜜蜂辛勤工作);“Bees work hard so as to collect honey”(蜜蜂辛勤工作是为了采蜜)。否定形式分别为 in order not to 和 so as not to,如“She spoke softly in order not to wake the baby”(她轻声说话以免吵醒婴儿)。(二)be connected with 与 be connected tobe connected with 强调“关联”,如“Plants are connected with animals in the ecosystem”(生态系统中植物与动物相互关联);be connected to 强调“物理连接”,如“The printer is connected to the computer”(打印机与电脑相连)。十一、语法难点突破(一)最高级与 one of 结构结合“one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”,谓语用单数,如“Bamboo is one of the most useful plants in Asia”(竹子是亚洲最有用的植物之一),其中“one”是真正主语,故谓语与“one”保持一致。(二)选择疑问句中最高级的使用当选择对象为三者及以上时,形容词或副词需用最高级,如“Which is the heaviest, the elephant, the whale or the giraffe?”(大象、鲸鱼和长颈鹿,哪个最重?),回答需直接选择对象,不能用 yes/no 回应。十二、易混词对比强化(一)except 与 except forexcept 用于同类排除,如“All animals are vertebrates except ants”(除蚂蚁外所有动物都是脊椎动物);except for 用于不同类修正,如“The forest is quiet except for the birds' singing”(森林很安静,除了鸟鸣声)。(二)imagine 与 thinkimagine 侧重“想象未发生的场景”,如“Imagine a world without plants”(想象一个没有植物的世界);think 侧重“思考判断”,如“I think plants are important”(我认为植物很重要)。十三、教材原句深度解析“In fact, without their work, about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow.”解析:“without their work”强调蜜蜂等传粉者的必要性,“80 per cent”准确说明植物依赖传粉的比例,体现生态链的紧密联系。“The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal on earth.”解析:用最高级“largest and heaviest”突出蓝鲸的体型特征,“on earth”限定范围,符合最高级的使用规则。十四、学习误区提醒误:He is one of the tallest student in his class.(×)正:He is one of the tallest students in his class.(√)(“one of”后接可数名词复数)。误:She protect herself from the rain.(×)正:She protects herself from the rain.(√)(主语为第三人称单数时,动词加 -s)。十五、文化与学科链接竹子在中国文化中象征坚韧,相关表达“bamboo slips”(竹简)体现其在历史上的书写功能,与语文、历史学科关联;“pandas feed on bamboo”(熊猫以竹子为食)则与生物学科知识结合。十六、高频考点链接题目:This is one of ______ (popular) books in our school library.(2024 模拟题)答案:the most popular(考查“one of the+最高级”结构)。题目:We need to do something ______ (protect) wild animals.(2024 中考题)答案:to protect(考查 in order to 省略 in order 后用不定式表目的)。十七、记忆口诀汇总(一)最高级变化口诀“最高级,变化清,词尾要加 -est;若是 e 字尾,只加 -st 就可以;重读闭音节,双写莫迟疑;多音节词前加 most,规则牢记不忘记。”(二)except 用法口诀“except 表排除,同类来相聚;except for 修正,异类常相遇;besides 是包括,整体添新意。”十八、记忆技巧补充词根词缀串联:名词后缀 -tion:protect→protection(保护)、communicate→communication(交流),通过共同后缀强化记忆。场景归类记忆:传粉相关:pollination(授粉)、pollen(花粉)、bee(蜜蜂),集中记忆植物繁殖相关词汇。对比表格记忆:制作“形容词最高级与比较级转换表”,如:最高级 比较级转换the tallest taller than any other...the most beautiful more beautiful than any other... 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览