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译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit3 单元语法知识点 讲义
副词比较级和最高级
副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。位置灵活。如:
He runs quickly. （副词修饰动词）
She is very beautiful.（副词修饰形容词）
Luckily, he was not badly hurt.（副词Luckily修饰句子; badly修饰形容词）
有时我们对动作或状态的程度进行比较,会用副词的比较级和最高级。如:
Daniel arrived earlier than me. 丹尼尔到得比我早。
She plays volleyball (the) best in her class. 她在她的班级中排球打得最好。
注意:副词最高级前的the有时可以省略。
副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同。
规则
1.单音节词：大多数词后加er或est; 如:
low --- lower --- lowest
fast --- faster --- fastest
2.多音节词和部分双音节词：在词的前面加 more 或most; 如:
beautifully --- more beautifully --- most beautifully
quickly --- more quickly --- most quickly
3.其中常见的不规则变化有:
well---better---best, badly---worse---worst, far---further/ farther---furthest/farthest.
4.有些词既可用作形容词又可用作副词,如far, fast, hard, high, late, long和well.
拓展：形容词变副词：
1.一般加-ly careful--- carefully slow---slowly
2.辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-ly：happy---happily heavy---heavily
◆-ly结尾，但为形容词的词：lovely, lively, lonely, friendly, motherly/fatherly/brotherly/sisterly, daily/weekly/monthly/yearly---
3.以e结尾的，大部分直接加-ly, 如:wide ---widely brave--- bravely
◆有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y，如:simple/simply; gentle/gently; (un)comfortable/(un)comfortably; (im)possible/(im)possibly; true/truly; terrible/terribly;
简单的温柔舒适（不舒适）可能（不可能）真的很可怕。
巩固练习：根据句意，用所括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Annie plays the piano very _______.Sue plays it ________ than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________.(well)
2.You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me ___________(often)
3.Practise as __________ (much) as you can. You can express yourself ________(clear) enough.
4.Amy runs too _________(slow) to catch the early bus.
5.“It will make Mr. Craven ___________. ”Martha said _____________.(angry)
6.If everyone minded their own business, the world would go around a lot _______(fast).
7.We planted white roses instead of red ____________(ones/those).
8.He won’t eat any____________(much) if he loses his head.
9.Looks aren’t everything, young man. But remember, always do your ____________(well).
_________(good) of all, we had a day free every Sunday in the summer.
10.We got out as __________(quick) as possible. Among us Amy is _______________(brave).
11.I was ready to work ___________(hard) and tried my __________(well) to go to college.
12.You must not forget how ________(quick) and _________(easy) you get tired.
13.“I walked _________ and ___________(near) to the sound.”Mary said.
14.Andy listens ______________(careful) of the two girls.
15.The___________(early) you get up, the___________(much) time you will exercise.
巩固练习答案：
1.well; better; best;2.oftener;3.much; clearly; 4. slowly;5.angrier; angrily;6.faster;7.ones;8.more;
9.best; Best; 10.quickly; the bravest;11.harder; best;12.quickly; easily; 13.nearer; nearer;
14.the more carefully;15.earlier; more;
反身代词
反身代词即人称代词的反身形式,它所指代的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调作用。如:
Mike cannot look after himself.迈克不能照顾自己。
The children enjoyed themselves very much at the Lantern Festival.孩子们在元宵节那天玩得非常高兴。
They kept the secret to themselves.他们保守着这个秘密。
I painted the room myself.我自己粉刷了房间。
注意:反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。
英语中的反身代词如下:
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
注意:第一人称和第二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上self或selves构成,第三
人称的反身代词是由代词宾格加上self或selves构成。当所指代的对象性别不详时，我们可以用themselves代替himself 或herself。
反身代词在句中不能单独做主语, 但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如:
Myself can finish my homework.(x)
I can finish my homework myself.(√)
I myself can finish my homework. (√)
拓展：
1.反身代词可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：
Daniel taught himself English.// She enjoys herself.
2.反身代词可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：
She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天有点不舒服。
3.反身代词可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：
She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。
I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。
4.反身代词用在某些固定短语当中。如:
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth.=learn sth. by oneself自学
enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth.请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.
hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语
lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中
leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍自己;自我介绍
think to oneself自思自忖
by oneself 单独地，独自地（用作副词）= alone=on one’s own
of oneself (用作副词)自发地，自动地，自然而然地; 主动地;
for oneself （用作副词）亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于 without being helped; 为了自己;
to oneself表示单独所有;暗自地;私下地；独自占有或享用。
have(get, keep) sth. to oneself 独自拥有，独自使用。
get next to oneself（美国俚语）恍然大悟；意识到。
keep to oneself 不与人来往，不向他人透露自己的意见和想法。
come to oneself 恢复自制力；恢复理智；苏醒过来。
巩固练习：用正确的反身代词完成下列句子。
1. While working in his brother's print shop, Franklin taught ________by reading a lot.
2. They could not express _____________ clearly and almost missed their plane home.
3.So let's set goals for ____________ and take the first step.
4. She woke up of __________.
5. I want to draw pictures of __________ and my parents.
6.You should work out the problem for __________.
7.The task _________ is a little difficult to us.
8.Boys and girls, help ___________ to some fruit.
9. How can I have great fun when learning （同义句转换）
=How can I _________ __________ when learning
10.She used to sit on her own and read. （同义句转换）
=She used to sit _________ __________ and read.
巩固练习答案：
1.himself;2.themselves;3.ourselves;4.herself;5.myself;6.yourself;7.itself;
8.yourselves;9.enjoy myself;10.by herself;

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