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译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit7 单元语法知识点 讲义
并列连词and, but, or和so
我们可以用并列连词and, but, or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。如:
Our English teacher is kind and helpful. 我们的英语老师既和蔼又乐于助人。
The boy is not very tall but he runs very fast.这个男孩个子不是很高,但跑得很快。
Do you often go home on foot or by bicycle 你通常回家是步行,还是骑自行车
She was ill, so she did not go to school.她生病了,所以没去上学。
注意:并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。
并列连词and意思是“和,又”,表达并列关系。如:
Mike likes playing football and singing songs.迈克喜欢踢足球和唱歌，
并列连词but 意思是“但是”,表达转折关系,所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。如:
The room was small but comfortable.房间虽小,但很舒适。
并列连词 or 意思是“或者”,表达选择关系。如:
Which do you like better, juice or coffee 果汁和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一个
注意:在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接,而不用and。如:
I cannot speak Japanese or French.我不会说日语和法语。
并列连词so意思是“因此,所以",表达因果关系,常用来连接两个简单句。如:
It began to rain, so we went home.开始下雨了,所以我们就回家了。
注意:并列连词so和从属连词because(因为)不能一起使用。如:
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (√)
Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (x)
拓展：
一、and连接主语时，谓语动词要灵活运用。如：
1. Bread and butter is his favourite food. (Bread and butter看作整体主语，谓语动词用单数。类似的还有knife and fork; lightning and thunder; the bow and arrow等。)
2. The chairman and host of the meeting comes from/ is from the USA. （会议主席兼主持人是一个人。）
The chairman and the host of the meeting come from/ are from the USA. （会议主席和主持人是不同的两个人。）
3. Every boy and every girl is fond of the film.
二、but表转折关系，不能和(al)though同时使用。(al)though用于表示原因的句子前，but用于表示结果的句子前。如：
Although/Though I have passed the exam, I am not pleased with the result.
=I have passed the exam, but I am not pleased with the result.
He doesn't like to talk much, but his work shouts.
= Although/Though he doesn't like to talk much, his work shouts.
三、or用于祈使句，表结果，or通常表示不愉快或不理想的结果；“否则，要不然=otherwise”。如：Get up quickly, or you’ll be late. 快起床，否则你要迟到了。
Don’t lose heart, or you’ll lose all. 不要灰心，否则你会失去一切。
四、同义句改写：
Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就能取得好成绩。
=If you study hard, you can get good grades.
=If you don’t study hard, you cannot get good grades.
Get up quickly, or you’ll be late. 快点起床，否则你会迟到。
=If you get up quickly, you’ll not be late.
=If you don’t get up quickly, you’ll be late.
五、“so + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” （某人也是）。
表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上应和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如：.
① “ He is a Chinese.” “ So am I.”
② “Tom can dance.” “ So can Mary.”
③ “Mother will go to Beijing.” “So will I.”
④ I have been to America. So has Li Lei.
⑤ She likes English. So do they.
⑥ Lily played basket yesterday. So did Lucy.
注意：“so +主语+ be 动词/情态动词/助动词”（的确如此）。当两句中的主语是同一人时，译成“的确如此”，句序不用倒装。
---It’s a bad day today. ---So it is.
② ---John studies English well. ---So he does.
六、“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” (某人也不）
表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，前后两句的主语是不同的。
“ He isn’t a Chinese.” “ Neither am I.”
“Tom can’t dance.” “Neither can Mary.”
“Mother won’t go to Beijing.” “Neither will I.”
I haven’t been to America. Neither has Li Lei.
She doesn’t like English. Neither do they.
⑥ --- Lily didn’t play basketball yesterday. --- Neither did Lucy.
“I don’t like playing with that girl.” “Neither does he.”
七、A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。
1. He or the twins come from the USA.
2. Not Tom but I am going to give the talk.
巩固练习:按照要求完成下列句子。
( ) 1. Mary likes music ___Tom is found of sports.
A. and B. but C. both A and B
( ) 2. I failed again, ___ I won’t give up.
A. and B. but C. so
( ) 3. This is my first lesson, __ I don’t know your names.
A. and B. but C. so
( ) 4. Now we have no time _____ money.
A. so B. and C. or
( ) 5. It’s getting warmer _______ warmer.
A. and B. but C. or
( ) 6.--- I used to go out for a walk after supper. --- ____.
So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. So I did
( ) 7.---Mary wasn’t invited yesterday. ---___.
So was I B. Neither was I C. So did I D. Neither did I
8. Not you but your little brother ___________ (be) crazy about DIY.
9. He likes singing and dancing. (改为否定句)
He ______ _______ singing ______ dancing.
10. Because it began to rain, we went home. (改为同义句)
_____________________________________________.
答案：
1-5：CBCCA 6-7: BB 8. is; 9. doesn’t like, or;
10. It began to rain, so we went home.

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