资源简介

译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit5 单元语法知识点 讲义
动词不定式
当句子中已经有谓语动词,而我们又要表达不止一个动作概念时,其余的动词可以使用非谓语形式。动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,其基本形式是“to+动词原形”。如:
He wants to play football after class. 他想课后踢足球。
动词不定式在句子中不充当谓语,因此没有人称、数的变化,可在句中充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。如:
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 （作主语）
What are you trying to do 你想干什么 （作宾语）
The teacher asked us to read more English stories.老师让我们多读英语故事（作宾补）
They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。（作状语）
动词不定式做宾语
动词不定式在句中常充当谓语动词的宾语,这一类谓语动词常见的有:
afford agree choose decide forget hope learn
manage plan prepare promise refuse try want
I decided to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我决定这个周末去看望祖父母。
注意： 1).动词不定式的否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。如:
You must promise not to do this again. 你必须保证不再这么做了。
2).在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：
I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。
3).不定式可以和疑问词连用，“疑问词+ to do”结构在句中作宾语。疑问词包括疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等。如：
I’m thinking about what to wear. (作介词about的宾语)
Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo (作动词decide的宾语)
动词不定式做目的状语
我们还可以用动词不定式表示某一动作或状态的目的。如:
We will move faster to build China into a country strong in sports.我们要加快将中国建设成为体育强国。
He stayed at the school to clean the classroom.他留在学校打扫教室。
为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调,还可以在动词前面用in order to。如:
She is running quickly in order to catch the first bus,为了赶上首班公交车,她正飞快地跑着。
I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly.为了听得更清楚,我要坐在前面。
注意:由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首。如:
They left early in order to get there in time.为了及时赶到那里,他们很早就出发了。
= In order to get there in time, they left early.
动词不定式做宾语补足语
我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况,此时动词不定式在句中充当宾语补足语。如:
I want you to sing a song for us.我想让你给我们唱首歌。
My father asked me to clean my room.我爸爸让我打扫一下我的房间。
部分动词, 如ask, tell, order, invite, get, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn, like, love, hate等,常跟带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。如:
What did your parents advise you to do 你父母建议你怎么做
The policeman told the boys not to swim in the river.警察告诉男孩们别在河里游泳。
感官动词,如hear, feel, see, watch, notice等, 以及使役动词let, make和have, 常跟不带to的动词不定式。此时不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。如:
I saw her open the door. 我看见她打开门。
You can let the boy go first.你可以让那个男孩先走。
动词 help后面的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。如:
She often helps me (to) do the housework.她常常帮我做家务。
We helped him (to) fix his bike.我们帮他修自行车。
动词不定式小结：
一、基本形式：
(not) to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）
二、特点：
1.没有人称和数的变化。如:
He decided to wait for me yesterday.
They want to join the group.
2 .可以有自己的宾语和状语等。如:
在learn to do many different things中，do的宾语是things；
在I find it easy to read English every day.中，every day是read的状语。
3 .有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为to be+动词过去分词）。如：
The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.
拓展：
1.常省略动词不定式to的动词有：
1.)使役动词和感官动词: “ 四看，三让，两听，一感觉，半帮助”等。
look at, see, watch, notice// let, make, have// hear, listen to//feel// help sb.（to）do sth.
2.)情态动词+do:
had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做……
Would/Could you please do sth. …etc
3.)助动词+do：do /don’t /does / doesn’t / did / didn’t do sth. …etc.
4.)特殊：
why not /why don’t you/we do sth.为什么不做……
would rather宁愿做……
巩固练习: 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. _________ (not be) late for class again.
2. I don’t know where___________ (visit) next year
3. As a result of my laziness, I failed ____________ (finish) my work in time.
4. ---I took some photos while we were in Shanghai.
---Remember ____________ (bring) them here tomorrow, will you I’d like to have a look.
5. We plan ____________ (have) a picnic this weekend ___________ (enjoy) the beauty of nature.
6. __________ (learn) new skills, I decided __________ (take) an online course.
7. Does Amy _______ (need) ________ (depend) on us __________ (do) it
8. She won’t __________ (let) me __________ (attend) the meeting.
9. He asked me ___________ (talk) about __________ (study) English.
10. I mean _______ (call) on Millie tomorrow and tell her success means _______ (work) hard.
11. Our school offers different safety programmes ____________ (teach) us how __________ (survive) in the face of danger.
12. Is it easy for Amy __________ (find) her books
13. I often hear Millie _______ (sing) a song. Now I hear her ___________ (sing) an English song in the next room.
14. Do your bike need __________ (fix) now
15. Is your sister old enough __________ (dress) herself
答案：
1. Don’t be;
2. to visit;
3. to finish;
4. to bring;
5. to have; to enjoy;
6. To learn; to take;
7. need; to depend; to do;
8. let; attend;
9. to talk; studying
10. to call; working
11. to teach; to survive;
12. to find;
13. sing; singing;
14. fixing;
15. to dress;

展开更多......

收起↑