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初中英语语音知识清单
一、音节的划分练习
音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节。
音节构成：
开音节：以元音字母结束的音节，分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。
(1)绝对开音节：以发音的元音字母结束的音节。例如：we，hi，yo-yo
(2)相对开音节：元音字母+辅音字母+不发音的e字母（>=1个）构成的音节。如：take，make，bee
注：在开音节中，发音的单元音字母发“字母”本身的音，例如hi[hai]，use[ju:z]
闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音音素的音节，称为闭音节。
二、英语音节的划分口诀
一对一，二分手，辅音连缀抱团走，常见组合不分手，双字相连不牵手。
1、一对一：从左到右，单独的一个辅音与其后的一个元音喜结连理，构成一个音节。
请用斜线标注它们的音节：
baby ['beibi] lucky ['l ki] benifit ['benifit]
tragedy ['tr d idi] rubbish ['r bi ] father ['fɑ: ]
2、二分手：在划分音节的过程中，如果有两个辅音黏在一起，则棒打鸳鸯，前者归入前一音节，后者归入后一音节，各得其所。
请用斜线标注它们的音节：
classmate ['klɑ:smeit] factory ['f kt ri] tablet ['t bl t]
doctor [d kt ] treatment ['tritm nt] basketball ['bɑ:skitb :l]
3、辅音连缀抱团走：在划分音节的过程中，如果有三个及以上的辅音黏在一起时，一般将最后一个留给后一个音节当头，其余几个打包归入前一个音节当尾。
请用斜线标注它们的音节：
transportaion [tr nsp 'tei n] equipment [i'kwipm nt] exchange [iks't eind ]
landlady['l nd leidi] excuse [ik'skju:z] explanation [ ekspl 'nei n]
4、常见组合不分手：英语里有一些字母常常组合在一起, 但它们不像固定组合字母那样发一个音，而是各发各的音，如pr, pl, fr, cl, sp, st, sk, scr, gr等等，这类组合字母在划分音节时一般不拆开，把它们划分在一起，尊重它们的常见组合习惯。
用下划线标注它们的音节：
program ['pr uɡr m] reply [ri'plai] frighten ['frait n]
clamp [kl mp] speaker ['spi:k ] scrature ['skr t ]
自成音节（成音节）：
1、一般而言，一个音节通常由“一个辅音+一个元音”构成，元音是“核”。如果音节开头只有一个元音时，该元音自成一个音节。
划分下列单词的音节，并识别哪一个是成音节。
add [ d]； argue ['ɑɡju:]； Louis ['lu:is]； obey [ u'bei]; honest [' nist] ago [ 'g u]
2、英语中有4个辅音[m]，[n]，[ ]，[l] 是响音，它们和其前面的辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。可以理解为它们充当了音节中的“核”。即“辅音+[m]，[n]，[ ]或[l]” 自成音节。
音标示例：/-bl/ /-zm/ /-vn/ /-pl/ /-tl/ /-dl/
划分下列单词的音节，并识别哪一个是成音节。
lesson ['l esn] noodle ['nu:dl] castle ['kɑ:sl]
gentle ['d entl] principle ['prins pl] bottom ['b tm]
音节划分及拼读练习
fail / fe l / full / f l / first / f st / beer /b / rose /r z/ town /ta n/
family /f mili/ number /n mb / sisiter /s st / computer /k mpju t /
motto [ m t u]； torch [t :t ]； grace [ɡreis]； Pakistan [ p kist n]；
gymnastic [d im n stiks]； faille [ fainl]； dioxide [dai ksaid] reduce [ri dju:s]；
sincerely [sin si li]； instrument [ instrum nt]； characteristic [ k r kt ristik]；
Challenge
读英国报纸评选出来的英语中最难读的20个单词，看谁得最准确，最清晰，最大声！
1.phenomenon [英] [fi n min n,f n m n n] [美] [f nɑm nɑn, -n n]
2.anaesthetist [英] [ nesθ t st] [美] [ n sθ t stn. 麻醉师
3.remuneration[英] [r mju:n re n] [美] [r mjun re n] n. 酬报
4.statistics： [英] [st tistiks] [美] [st t st ks】
5.ethnicity [英] [eθ n s ti:] [美] [ θ n s ti]
6.philosophical：[英] [ f l s f k l] [美] [ f l sɑf k l]
7.provocative： [英] [pr v k tiv] [美] [pr vɑk t v]
8.anonymous： [英] [ n n m s] [美] [ nɑn m s]
9.Thesaurus [英] [θ s :r s] [美] [θ s r s]
10.aluminium [英] [ lju:- minj m] [美] [ lj m ni m]
11. Regularly [英] [ regj l li] 12. February [英] [ febru ri]
13. Particularly [英] [p tikjul li] 14. Hereditary [英] [h red tri] [美] [h r d t ri]
15. Prioritising [英] [pra ' r ta z ] 16. Pronunciation[英] [pr n nsi e n]
17. Prejudice[英] [ pred ud s] 18. Facilitate[英] [f 's l te t]
19. Hospitable [英] [h sp t bl] 20. Onomatopoeia[英] [ n m t pi: ]
巴中棠外初2024级英语国际音标拼读练习
1、a / /
bag thank black fact
bad hat sand glad
has can hand path
2、e /e/
pen vet best spend
men rest beg get
bed send next left
3、i / /
in stick rich ship
miss kill list lift
hit bit win trip
4、e-e/i:/
eve even Japanese
evening Chinese these
5、ea/i:/
read least eat speak
teach beat clean cheap
deal seat please dream
6、ee/i:/
free feel sheep tree
keep week steel feet
sleep meet green agree
7、ey/i:/
key key word keyboard
8、ey/ /
monkey money honey
9、o/ /
top pot soft cost
crop dog drop sock
hot got across rob
10、a/ /
what was want wash
watch water wander Watson
11、or/ :/
or horse nor for
forty norse fork short
pork corn sport force
12、au/ :/
pause cause August
because autumn applause
13、aw/ :/
draw paw claw
14、ore/ :/
wore more sore score
store shore chore tore
15、oa/ :/
broad abroad
16、oar/ :/
board aboard blackboard keyboard
17、al/ :/
walk talk ball tall
hall small wall mall
18、u/ /
put push pull
bush bull full
19、oo/ /
look took good wood
book cook wool cookie
20、oul/ /
could would should
21、oo/u:/
too tooth tool
food cool shoot
pool stood room
22、ui/u:/
juice fruit
23、ue/u:/
blue glue
24、ew/u:/
flew grew drew threw
26、o/u:/
to do movie
27、ar/ɑ:/
car large arm charm
park card hard dark
28、a/ɑ:/ (/ /)
class glass past
last fast grass
29、u/ /
红火 红红火火 日夜 日日夜夜nut 长长的小路 长长的小河 cut （以后）——（以前） （冷淡）——（热情） 黑暗——（光明、明亮） 2、近义词jump 我的书包呢？ 你的本子呢？ R S T U V W X Y Zsun
sunny 2、仔细观察画面，弄懂图意。 尖尖的铅笔 闪闪的星星 蓝蓝的天空must cup 红火 红红火火 日夜 日日夜夜 just
30、ir/ :/
birth 洗脸 笑脸 扫把 扫地 种地 没有 许多 许可 冷热 淡红 淡绿 girl shirt
first third dirty
31、er/ :/
her hers nerve
serve service nervous
32、ur/ :/
turn nurse purse
surf return burn
33、ur/ /
Saturday hamburger
34、a/ /
China Canada afford banana
again against afraid about
35、er/ /
cooker sharpener westerner
player stapler foreigner
36、a-e/e /
cake gate tape save
take late date skate
37、ai/e /
wait e-mail fail paint
raise rain remain mail
38、ay/e /
day may play
pay stay way
39、a/ e /
baby lady lazy favorite
40、i-e/a /
like size shine life
line time hike wife
41、ie/a /
tie pie lie die
42、igh/a /
light night bright fight
right high sigh sight
43、y/a /
by cry why fry
spy fly try dry
44、i/ a /
find kind mind
wild mild blind
45、oi/ /
join point noisy voice
moist boil coin noice
46、oy/ /
toy soy employer bus-boy
boy employ employee cowboy
47、ere/ /
here sphere
48、eer/ /
deer cheer beer
49、ear/ /
ear hear near
clear tear nearly
50、air/e /
air hair pair
chair repair fair
51、ere/e /
where there
52、are/ e /
dare bare glare stare
53、ear/e /
pear wear bear
54、ure/ /
sure assure insure
55、our/ /
tour tourist tourism
56、oor/ /
poor tourist tourism
57、o-e/ /
note woke joke hope
whole nose rode home
58、oa/ /
boat coat goat
road goal throat
59、ow/ /
slow below show throw
know blow grow yellow
60、o/ /
old told no go
sold most almost host
61、ou /a /
house round about found
shout south proud flour
62、ow /a /
how power allow brown
flower now crowd town
63、p/p/
panda possible pass polite
64、b/b/
back bored bring black
65、t/ t /
test twenty talk tell
66、d/d /
dentist dislike direct dinner
67、c/k/
cook come cake count
68、k/k/
king kitchen like take
69、cc/k/
tobacco occupy occupation occur
70、ck/k/
lucky block check trick
71、ch/ k /
school chemistry character Christmas
72、g/g/
agree Greenhouse greet glad
73、f/f/
fruit free different life
74、ph/f/
elephant photo phone physics
75、gh/f/
laugh cough enough
76、v/v/
vet van vest alive
77、s/s/
seven sorry slow singer
78、c/s/
city nice face
bicycle circle Alice
79、z/z/
zipper zero zebra zoo
80、s/z/
bags apples flies
knives wears is
81、ts/ts/
hats rats sits costs
82、ds/dz/
birds beds reads feeds
83、th/θ/
threaten thirtieth thriller truth
84、th/ /
these those breathe bathe
85、sh/ /
she show trash crash
86、c/ /
musician magician physician
87、s/ /
pressure ensure surely sure
88、ch/ /
machine chef
89、s/ /
leisure measure pleasure decision
90、ch/ t /
match watch children Wechat
91、t/ t /
nature natural fortune capture
92、j/d /
joy joyful enjoy judge
93、d/d /
fridge bridge edge
94、g/d /
geography geometry gym gymnastics
95、tr/tr/
trust traffic trouble treat
96、dr/dr/
drew drove drank dress
97、m/m/
meat much matter manage
98、mb/m/
climb thumb numb bomb
99、n/n/
need needy neither none
100、kn/n/
know knew knock knife
101、l/l/
laugh loser mail meal
102、n/ /
ink pink think bank
103、ng/ /
sing king English swing
104、h/h/
heavy happen half hand
105、wh/h/
who whom whose whoever
106、r/r/
read round right great
107、wr/r/
wreath wrap wrinkle wrist
108、w/w/
wind win water with
109、wh/w/
what when where why
110、y/j/
yet you young year
自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twisters
1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.
2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!
3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.
4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.
5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.
6.Black background, brown background.
7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
8.A good cook can cook good cookies.
9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.
I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.
Oh! How cool, how cool.
10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.
11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.
12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.
13.The first is the first.The third is the third.
The third can be the first, The first can be the third.
14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.
15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!"
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.
16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.
17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.
18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.
19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.
20.It’s a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.
It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.
It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.
It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.
绕口令练习英语音标发音
(1)There are thirty-three trees there. (θ, )
(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)
(3)She sells seashells on the seashore,and the shells she sells are seashells. I'm sure because if she sells shells at the seashore,the shells she sells are seashells for sure.(/ θ/,/s/,/z/,/ /)
(4)There is a kitten in the kitchen.In the kitchen,I fly the chicken.A fly flies into the kitchen while I'm frying the chicken.( /t /)
(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.For a night,light′s a slight light and tonight′s a night that's light.When a night′s light like tonight's light,it's really not quit right to light night lights with their slight light's on the light night like tonight.(/n/--/l/)
(6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/--/ /)
(7)Why didn't you do that what I told you to do (/t/--/d/)
(8)The doctor's daughter knocked at the locked door. (/t/--/d/)
(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sister's Yes,this is the pair of scissors of his sister's . (/s/--/z/)
(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)
(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/)
巴中棠外初2024级语音朗读知识
一、 失去爆破
6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临,或者跟鼻音时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t )now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ ] [3] [∫] [r]或者破擦音[tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [d3] 或者鼻音[m] [n] [ ] 等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破。
Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.
Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao.
二、 音的同化
音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受相邻音影响而变化成第三个音。主要是以下三种方式：
1、 辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]：Would you need you could you find you
2、 辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]： Can’t you got you want you
3、 辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]： Miss you
三、 失音
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。
注意：
爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。
规则：
1、 辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦音等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。当前面单词结尾的辅音和后面单词开头的辅音相同时，只需读后面一个
a bad desk good day sad dog like candy deep pond take care
black coffee book case more rain part time job at two police station
hot tea ripe pear big game big grape big gate bus station
2、“辅音+辅音”型，当两个辅音连在一起时，可以弱读一个，即失去爆破
爆破音：/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
Red coat Black bike Big bus Factory
What time Old picture Big car Old doctor Hot tea
Black coffee cold day good day big garden Cheap book good book
四、 音的浊化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化
Discussion： [k] 浊化成 [g] sk=sg 如： skill ski skid
Stand： [t] 浊化成[d] st=sd 如：still standard structure
Expression： [p]浊化成 [b] sp=sb 如： sport spring spill
2、美音中：[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如： writer， 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别 letter—ladder out of
美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d]， 但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。 了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。
五、 连读
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可无音。(连读符号：~)
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Please pick~it~up.
Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago. Put~it~on, please. Not~at~all.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs.
But where~is my cup Where~are your brother~and sister
但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读(和音的同化一致）
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。
Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again
Would~you like~a cup~of tea？ Could~you help me, please
(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here
She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。（连读也要注意意群）
Is~it a~hat or a cat （hat与or之间不可以连读）
There~is~a good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）
Can you speak~English or French （English与or之间不可以连读）
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning （meet与 at，eight与or之间不可以连读）
She opened the door and walked~in. （door与and之间不可以连读）

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