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2025英语全国II卷阅读理解C篇D篇文本解析
C篇
【文本及译文】
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
当索尼娅·德特林达德开设线上绿植店时，她并未抱太大期望。结果却截然相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单。过去一年间，她寄送的绿植总量超过七万株。她的成功只是“居家时间增加引爆绿植产业”的缩影之一。
“Plants are in fashion right now, ” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“绿植如今已成为时尚，”佛罗里达大学研究员梅琳达·科努斯博士指出，“身处植物茂盛环境的人群生活满意度更高。为环境增添自然元素能改变情绪与思维方式。”植物通过多种途径改善心理状态，最主要的是降低体内应激激素皮质醇水平。
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
科努斯解释道：“在有植物的环境中学习的学生，成绩优于无绿植教室里的学生。这种增效作用同样适用于职场——研究显示，绿植环绕的办公环境可使员工病假率下降30%。”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one, ” Detrinidad says.
若你正享受绿植带来的身心健康益处，却总养死几株植物，不必为此自责。“医生需要实践医术，律师需要实践法务，养护绿植同样需要实践过程，”德特林达德建议道，“照料植物是培养耐心与学习的过程。用心呵护它，但若枯萎了，再买一盆便是。”
【长难句分析】
1. When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it.
这是一个由连词when引导的时间状语从句复合句。第一个分句“Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants”为时间状语从句，其中主语为“Sonja Detrinidad”，谓语“opened”，宾语“her online shop”，“selling houseplants”为现在分词短语作后置定语；第二个分句“she didn’t have high hopes for it”为主句，主语“she”，谓语“didn’t have”，宾语“high hopes”。
2. Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants.
这是一个包含比较状语和定语从句的复合句。主句为“students perform better academically than students”，主语“students”，谓语“perform”，“better academically”为状语；“who are around plants”和“who are in a classroom without plants”均为定语从句，分别修饰前后两个“students”，从句中主语“who”，谓语“are”，地点状语分别为“around plants”和“in a classroom without plants”。
3. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.
这是一个包含宾语从句和定语从句的复合句。主句主语“our study”，谓语“showed”；“that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people”为宾语从句，其中“there was”为存在句结构，主语“a 30% decrease”，“in sick leave”为后置定语，“for people”为状语；“who were in plant-rich workplaces”为定语从句，修饰“people”，从句主语“who”，谓语“were”。
4. If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.
这是一个由连词 if 引导的条件状语从句复合句。第一个条件状语从句“if you’re among the groups of people”中，主语“you”，谓语“are”，表语“among the groups of people”，“who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits...”为定语从句修饰“people”，从句主语“who”，谓语“are enjoying”，宾语“the benefits”；主句“don’t beat yourself up”为祈使句，“if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it”为嵌套的条件状语从句，主语“one (or a few!)”，谓语“doesn’t make it”。
【词汇积累】
1. flood v. 淹没；涌进 n. 洪水
2. explosion n. 爆炸；激增
3. industry n. 工业；产业；行业
4. researcher n. 研究人员；研究者
5. satisfaction n. 满意；满足
6. mood n. 情绪；心情
7. improve v. 改善；改进
8. decrease v. 减少；降低 n. 减少量
9. hormone n. 激素；荷尔蒙
10. academically adv. 学业上；学术上
11. productivity n. 生产力；生产效率
12. sustain v. 维持；养护；支撑
13. tend v. 照料；护理；倾向于
14. patience n. 耐心；忍耐力
【熟词生义】
1. shipping out
常见义：“shipping” 表示 “海运”，“out” 表示 “出去”，字面看似 “用船运出去”。
文中义：固定短语，“发货、寄出”（不限于海运，泛指发送货物）。文中 “shipping out 1,200 orders” 意为 “寄出 1200 份订单”。
2. fashion
常见义：名词，“时尚、时装”（如 the fashion industry 时尚产业）。
文中义：名词，“流行、热潮”，表示 “植物现在很受欢迎”。“Plants are in fashion right now” 意为 “植物现在正流行”。
3. translates
常见义：“翻译”，字面易理解为 “翻译成……”。
文中义：固定短语，“转化为、适用于”。文中 “This productivity also translates into the workplace” 意为 “这种高效性也适用于工作场所”。
4. make it
常见义：“成功、做到”（如 He finally made it 他终于成功了）。
文中义：结合语境指 “存活、活下来”，用于描述植物的生长状态。“one (or a few!) doesn’t make it” 意为 “一两株（植物）没能存活”。
5. practice
常见义：动词，“练习”（如 practice playing the piano 练习弹钢琴）。
文中义：名词，“实践、经验积累”，强调通过反复尝试获得技能的过程。文中 “allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant” 意为 “允许自己通过实践来学会养护植物”。
D篇
【文本及译文】
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
每次丢弃未食用食物时，你的灵魂是否会枯萎一分？我会。这种负罪感或许源于我的南非成长经历——“非洲儿童正在挨饿”这句话在餐桌上不是祷告词，而是令人不安的现实警钟。
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
食物浪费正日益成为餐饮、商超及供应链行业关注的焦点。从技术解决方案到宣传教育，食品产销者正努力提升现有农作物的利用率。上月，纽约市某知名餐厅尝试了全新路径：将菜单全面替换为“本会被丢弃”的食材。
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamedwastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
今年三月，纽约格林威治村的蓝山餐厅（Blue Hill）曾临时更名为“wastED”，并在两周内推出了一系列创意菜品：炸鳐鱼软骨、果渣汉堡、以及用废弃蔬菜制作的“拾荒者沙拉”。每道菜品都经过精心设计，旨在唤起公众对食物浪费问题的关注。
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1, 000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
美国食物浪费联盟研究显示：餐厅每获得1000美元收入平均产生33磅厨余，其中仅15.7%被捐赠或回收，高达84.3%直接沦为垃圾。英国"Silo"等餐厅曾试验零浪费系统，而“废材美食”则将该理念推向极致。
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
需特别说明：菜单上所有菜品并非真正用垃圾制成。其使用的羽衣甘蓝梗、鱼颈肉、淘汰红薯、黄瓜头等食材，不过是多数餐厅不屑采用的边角料。经多位名厨巧手再造，这些被弃用的部位蜕变成精致料理。
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
尽管“废材美食”赢得热烈反响，它从开始就是短期实验—— Blue Hill 现已恢复常规菜单。但此举犹如明灯：解决可持续性问题存在多元路径，世间万物皆可化作珍馐美馔。
【长难句分析】
1. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
这是一个包含定语从句的复合句。主句中，“Maybe”为语气副词，主语“that feeling”，谓语“comes from”，宾语“growing up in South Africa”。定语从句中，“where”引导从句，修饰“South Africa”；从句中主语“the phrase”，谓语“was”，表语为比较结构“more of A than B”——“an uncomfortable reminder of fact”vs.“a prayer at dinner time”。
2. Food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.
这是一个含宾语从句的复合句。主句中主语“Food producers and sellers”，谓语“are looking for”，宾语“ways”。不定式短语作定语：to use more of what we’re already growing修饰“ways”，其中“what we’re already growing”为宾语从句，作“of”的宾语，从句中主语“we”，谓语“are growing”，宾语“what”。
3. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue, and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.
这是一个含宾语从句的并列复合句。主句中主语“A study”，谓语“determined”，“by the Food Waste Alliance”为后置定语。宾语从句中主语“the average restaurant”，谓语“generates”，宾语“33 pounds of food waste”，“for every $1,000 in revenue”为条件状语。并列分句：and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled由“and”连接，主语“15.7%”，“of that waste”为后置定语，谓语“is donated or recycled”。
4. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.
这是一个含主语从句的复合句。形式主语结构：It should be noted that...“It”为形式主语，真正主语为“that”引导的从句。主语从句中主语“none of the items”，“on wastED’s menu”为后置定语，谓语“was made from”，宾语“garbage”，“technically”为状语。
5. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
这是一个含同位语从句的复合句。主句：it serves as a reminder，主语“it”，谓语“serves as”，宾语“a reminder”。同位语从句：that there are many ways...and that you can make an amazing meal...中两个“that”引导的从句并列，解释“reminder”的内容；第一个从句含“to address problems of sustainability”不定式作定语，第二个从句含“out of almost anything”状语。
【词汇积累】
1. starve v. 挨饿；饿死
2. reminder n. 提醒人的事物；暗示
3. concern n. 担忧；关注的事 v. 涉及；关系到
4. campaign n. 运动；战役 v. 参加运动
5. exclusively adv. 专门地；唯一地
6. rename v. 重新命名；改名
7. tailor-made adj. 定制的；特制的
8. awareness n. 意识；认识
9. generate v. 产生；生成；引起
10. revenue n. 收入；收益
11. donate v. 捐赠；捐献
12. recycle v. 回收利用；再循环
13. ingredient n. 原料；要素
14. reject v. 拒绝；排斥；不予考虑 n. 废品
15. re-appropriate v. 重新分配，再次占用
16. cuisine n. 烹饪；菜肴；菜系
17. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
18. sustainability n. 可持续性；持续性
【熟词生义】
1. die a little
常见义：“die” 表示 “死亡”，字面看似 “死了一点”。
文中义：引申为 “感到难过、心痛”，描述因浪费食物而产生的愧疚或不适。文中 “Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food ” 意为 “每次扔掉没吃完的食物时，你是否会感到一丝心痛？”
2. prayer
常见义：名词，“祈祷、祷告”（指宗教仪式中的祷告行为）。
文中义：结合语境指 “随口说的话、客套话”。文中 “more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time” 意为 “与其说是晚餐时的客套话，不如说是一个令人不安的事实提醒”。
3. tailor-made
常见义：“tailor” 表示 “裁缝”，“made” 表示 “制作”，字面与 “裁缝制作的” 相关。
文中义：形容词，“量身定制的、专门设计的”。文中 “Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness” 意为 “每道菜都是为了提高（人们对食物浪费的）关注度而专门设计的”。
4. cuts
常见义：动词 “cut” 的名词形式，“切割、伤口”。
文中义：名词，“（肉类的）块、片、部位”。文中 “examples of meat cuts” 意为 “肉类的不同部位（示例）”。
5. re-appropriated
常见义：“appropriate” 表示 “合适的”，“re-” 表示 “重新”，字面易理解为 “重新变得合适的”。
文中义：动词过去分词，“重新利用、再次使用”（指将原本会被丢弃的食材重新用于烹饪）。文中 “were all re-appropriated... turned into excellent cuisine” 意为 “都被重新利用…… 变成了美味的菜肴”。
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