资源简介

八年级英语上册Unit 1
语法知识讲解和练习
一、知识讲解
【复合不定代词】
定义：
复合不定代词是由some,any,every,no分别加one,body,thing构成的不定代词。
在句中可作主语、宾语成表语。
Everybody here likes swimming.
这里的每个人都喜欢游泳。
用法：
复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词、动词不定式等应置于其后。
Is there anything important in today's newspaper
今天的报然上有什么重要的事情吗？
含有some的复合不定代词多用于肯定句中，也可用于表示邀请、请求或建议的疑问句中，表示说话者希望得到肯定答案。
Would you like something to drink 你想喝点儿什么吗？
含有any的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何人/事“。
I don't have anything to say.我没什么要说的。(否定句)
Anyone can do the work.任何人都能做这个工作。(肯定句，表示“任何人”)
【一般过去时】
概念：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词。
过去式的构成：
1、规则动词的变化
①一般规则：大多数动词在词尾加-ed。
例如：play → played, work → worked, want → wanted。
②以不发音的-e结尾的动词：只需在词尾加-d。
例如：like → liked, live → lived。
③以辅音+y结尾的动词：将y改为i，再加-ed。
例如：study → studied, try → tried。
④重读闭音节的动词：如果动词以辅音字母结尾且是重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母后加-ed。
例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned。
2、不规则动词的变化
不规则动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则，通常需要单独记忆。以下是一些常见的不规则动词及其过去式形式：
①AA型
read → read cut-cut put-put
②变i为a
sing-sang drink-drank swim-swam
③变e/i为o
forget-forgot ride-rode drive-drove
④变o/a为e
know-knew grow-grew draw-drew
⑤中间去e,词尾加t
keep-kept feel-felt sleep-slept
⑥词尾的d变为t
spend-spent build-built lend-lent
⑦过去式结尾是ought/ aught
buy-bought fight-fought teach-taught
⑧be动词过去式
be → was/were
常见的表示过去的时间状语:
last year,last weekend,yesterday,in 2020,just now,two days ago等。
句型结构:
①肯定句：主语+was/were+其他/主语+实义动词的过去式+其他）.
②否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他./主语+didn't+实义动词原形(+其他)
③一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？/Did+主语+实义动词原形(+其他)？
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+was/were+主语（+其他）？/特殊疑问词（组）+did+主语+实义动词原移(+其他)
二、知识练习
一、用适当的复合不定代词填空
1.Is there ________ interesting in today's newspaper
2.Don't worry! ________ will help you with your problem.
3.Listen! ________ is knocking at the door.Maybe it's your sister.
4.The box is empty.There's ________ in it.
5.I can't find my keys ________.Did you see them
二、用所给动词的过去式填空
1.I ______ (watch) a movie with my friends last Sunday.
2.She ______ (not finish) her homework yesterday.
3.______ they ______ (visit) the museum last week
4.Tom ______ (buy) a new bike two days ago.
5.The students ______ (be) very excited about the trip.
三、单项选择
1.—Do you have ________ to say
—No, ________.
A.something; nothing
B.anything; nothing
C.everything; something
2.________ is waiting for you at the school gate.
A.Anyone B.Someone C.No one
3.The room is quiet.________ is studying for the exam.
A.Everyone B.Someone C.Anyone
4.My brother ________ football yesterday because he was ill.
A.doesn’t play B.didn’t play C.wasn’t play
5.—________ you late for school this morning
—Yes, I ________.
A.Were; was B.Did; did C.Are; am
6.They ________ a great time at the party last night.
A.have B.had C.has
四、句型转换
1.She cooked dinner for her family.（改为否定句）
→ She ______ ______ dinner for her family.
2.They went to Beijing by train.（对划线部分提问）
→ ______ ______ they go to Beijing
3.Was the book interesting （作肯定回答）
→ Yes, ______ ______.
五、改错题（找出错误并改正）
1.Did you meet somebody on your way home
2.I didn't eat nothing this morning.
3.Everybody are happy with the result.
4.He didn’t went to school yesterday.
5.Did you saw the new teacher
6.They was happy to see the result.
六、翻译句子
1.有人给你留了张纸条。
2.这个包里什么都没有。
3.你需要吃点东西吗？
4.昨天下午他打篮球了吗？
5.我们上周没有去露营。
6.她昨天很忙，所以没看电视。
七、小短文填空
（一）用复合不定代词补全短文：
Last night, I heard ________ (1) crying outside.I opened the door but saw ________ (2).Today, I told ________ (3) in my class about it, but ________ (4) believed me.Maybe I was too tired
（二）用动词的过去式补全短文：
Last summer, my family and I ______ (1) (go) to the beach.We ______ (2) (swim) in the sea and ______ (3) (build) sandcastles.My father ______ (4) (take) many photos.It ______ (5) (be) a wonderful day!
八、选择词语的正确形式填空：
age passenger lose helpful
drive own give smile different help
A 25 - year - old young man is doing a special job on a bus.He is not only a bus 1.________ but also a helper for the 2.________ with special needs.
Li Ming, the young man, is the 3.________ of this special "helping - hand" service on the bus.He started this idea after an accident happened to him.A few years ago, Li 4.________ his left arm in a traffic accident, which made his life 5.________ for a while.
But with the 6.________ of many kind people, he got through the hard time.
Now, as a bus driver, Li 7.________ his best to help those who are in trouble on the bus.“Sir, let me help you find a seat.”“Madam, here is a special seat for you.” Li spreads his 8.________ words and warm 9.________ to everyone on the bus.
Li started learning how to better assist passengers with disabilities at the 10.________ of 22.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
【答案】
一、：
1.anything 2.Someone/Somebody 3.Someone/Somebody 4.nothing 5.anywhere
二、：
1.watched 2.didn’t finish 3.Did; visit 4.bought 5.were
三、
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B
四、
1.didn’t cook 2.How did 3.it was
五、
1、 somebody→ anybody（疑问句中用anybody）
2、something → anything（否定句中用anything，避免双重否定）
3、 are→ is（复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数）
4、went→ go（助动词did后接动词原形）
5、saw→ see（疑问句中Did后接动词原形）
6、was→ were（They对应were）
六、
1、Someone left you a note.
2、There is nothing in this bag.
3、Do you need something to eat
4、Did he play basketball yesterday afternoon
5、 We didn’t go camping last week.
6、She was busy yesterday, so she didn’t watch TV.
七
（一）
1.someone/somebody 2.nobody/no one 3.everyone/everybody 4.nobody/no one
（二）
1.went 2.swam 3.built 4.took 5.was
八、
driver passengers owner lost different
help gives helpful smiles age

展开更多......

收起↑