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高中英语中两种形式的同根副词
英语副词中，有一类很特殊，存在两种形式：一种与对应形容词同形；另一种在形容词后加 -ly。二者同根同源，但在语义、场景和语法功能上有微妙关键差异。
1. close；closely
close 接近(指距离)
The two boats came close to each other in the harbor.
两艘船在港口里彼此靠得很近。
closely 仔细地，密切地
She watched the experiment closely to record every detail.
她仔细地观察实验，记录下每一个细节。
2. deep；deeply
deep 深(指实际深度)
The well is very deep. We need a long rope to get water.
这口井很深，我们需要一根长绳子来打水。
deeply 深刻地,深沉地
He was deeply moved by the touching story.
他被这个感人的故事深深打动了。
3. direct；directly
direct 径直地（侧重于空间或距离上不绕弯、不偏离方向 ）
The plane flew direct from New York to London without any stops.
这架飞机从纽约直飞伦敦，中途没有停靠。
directly 直接地（方式）；坦率地；马上；立刻
a. 表示方式上的直接
You should answer the question directly instead of beating around the bush.
你应该直接回答问题，而不是拐弯抹角。
b. 表示时间上的“马上；立刻”
I'll call you back directly when I finish this meeting.
开完这个会，我立刻给你回电。
4. dead；deadly
dead完全地；绝对
The old man was dead tired after a day's hard work.
经过一天的辛苦劳作，老人完全累坏了。
deadly 非常；极其；死一般地。
He was deadly serious about the decision and wouldn't tolerate any jokes regarding it.
他对这个决定极其严肃认真，不容许任何关于此事的玩笑。
5. fair；fairly
fair 公平地；公正地；合理地
You should treat everyone fair.你应该公平地对待每个人。
fairly 相当；颇；还算
She speaks English fairly well.她英语说得相当好。
6. free；freely
free （免费地）
You can download this software for free from the official website.
你可以从官方网站免费下载这个软件。
freely（自由地）
In this open-minded society, people can freely express their opinions without fear of being punished.
在这个思想开放的社会里，人们可以自由地表达自己的观点，不用担心受到惩罚。
7. hard；hardly
hard 努力地（常表示在体力或脑力上付出较大的力气去做某事 ）；猛烈地（如雨下得大、风刮得大等）
He works hard to support his family.他努力工作来养家糊口。
It's blowing hard outside. You'd better stay indoors.外面风刮得很大，你最好待在室内。
hardly 几乎不（表示否定，强调程度极低 ）
I can hardly understand what he is saying.我几乎听不懂他在说什么。
8. high；highly
high 高
The kite flew high in the sky.风筝在天空中飞得很高。
highly 高度地
She is highly regarded in the company for her excellent work.
她因为出色的工作在公司里受到高度评价。
9. late；lately
late 晚地；迟地（描述时间上超过预定的或正常的时间 ）
He was late for school again this morning.他今天早上上学又迟到了。
lately 最近；近来（用于描述过去不久到现在的一段时间
Lately, she has been spending a lot of time in the library.
最近，她一直在图书馆里待很长时间。
10. last；lastly
last最后；上一次，最近一次
Who spoke last 谁最后发言的？
I saw him last week.我上周见过他。
lastly最后；终于（用于列举）
Firstly, we need to prepare the ingredients. Secondly, we start cooking. Lastly, we serve the dish.首先，我们需要准备食材。其次，我们开始烹饪。最后，我们上菜。
11. near；nearly
near 在附近；靠近（描述空间上的距离短 ）
There is a supermarket near my house.我家附近有一家超市。
nearly 几乎；差不多（表示接近某个数量、程度或情况 ）
The movie is nearly over. Let's wait a few more minutes.电影快结束了，我们再等几分钟。
12. just；justly
just刚刚；正好；仅仅；只是；刚才
I've just had lunch.我刚吃过午饭。
The shoes fit me just right.这双鞋我穿着正合适。
He is just a child.他只是个孩子。
justly 公正地；正当地；合理地
Everyone deserves to be treated justly, regardless of their background or status.
每个人都应该受到公平待遇，无论他们的背景或地位如何。
13. wide；widely
wide 宽阔
The river is very wide at this point.这条河在这个地方很宽。
widely 广泛地
His ideas are widely accepted by people all over the world.
他的观点被全世界的人广泛接受。
14. slow；slowly
slow：缓慢地（多用于口语，尤其在祈使句中）
Walk slow—there’s ice on the ground. 慢点走 —— 地上有冰。
slowly：缓慢地（更正式，多用于书面语或正式语境）
The sun set slowly behind the mountains. 太阳缓缓地落到山后。
15. most；mostly
most：最；极其（常与形容词或副词连用，表程度或最高级）
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
mostly：主要地；多半地（强调 “大部分情况”）
The town’s population is mostly elderly. 这个小镇的人口主要是老年人。
【即时训练】
请用括号内的词填空，补全句子
1. The scientists are __________ (close, closely) monitoring the progress of the experiment.
2. The two friends stood __________ (close, closely) to share the umbrella in the rain.
3. The well is dug __________ (deep, deeply) enough to reach the groundwater.
4. She __________ (deep, deeply) regrets not taking the opportunity to study abroad.
5. The bus goes __________ (direct, directly) from the station to the airport.
6. He looked at me __________ (direct, directly) and said, “I don’t believe you.”
7. After the long hike, we were __________ (dead, deadly) asleep within minutes.
8. The __________ (dead, deadly) silence in the room made everyone uncomfortable.
9. The judge promised to treat both parties __________ (fair, fairly).
10. The movie is __________ (fair, fairly) good, but not as great as the reviews say.
11. The museum offers __________ (free, freely) entry on weekends.
12. Children should be allowed to __________ (free, freely) express their creativity.
13. He __________ (hard, hardly) slept last night because of the noise.
14. If you work __________ (hard, hardly) enough, you’ll achieve your goals.
15. The balloon rose __________ (high, highly) into the sky until it disappeared.
16. The actor is __________ (high, highly) respected for his dedication to charity.
17. __________ (late, lately), I’ve been trying to learn how to play the guitar.
18. He stayed up __________ (late, lately) to finish writing his essay.
19. __________ (last, lastly), I want to thank my family for their constant support.
20. Who was the __________ (last, lastly) person to leave the classroom yesterday
21. The new café is __________ (near, nearly) my office, so I often go there for lunch.
22. We’re __________ (near, nearly) done with the project—just one more task left.
23. The teacher __________ (just, justly) punished the student for cheating.
24. I’ve __________ (just, justly) received a message from my sister.
25. The news spread __________ (wide, widely) across the country within hours.
26. She opened the window __________ (wide, widely) to let in some fresh air.
27. __________ (slow, slowly) does it—there’s no need to rush.
28. The cat __________ (slow, slowly) crept toward the mouse, waiting for the right moment.
29. The team is __________ (most, mostly) made up of students from the local university.
30. (2025·全国一卷) __________ (most, mostly) famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
答案
1. closely 2. close 3. deep 4. deeply 5. direct 6. directly7. dead 8. deadly 9. fair 10. fairly 11. free 12. freely 13. hardly 14. hard 15. high 16. highly 17. Lately 18. late 19. Lastly 20. last 21. near 22. nearly 23. justly 24. just 25. widely 26. wide 27. Slow 28. slowly 29. mostly 30. Most
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