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(共34张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Reading and Thinking
1
Discuss what would happen to a city during a big earthquake.
A city would be damaged;
Thousands of buildings were falling apart.
People would panic and get severely injured;
...
2
Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about.
The text is about earthquake
personification(拟人)
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage mainly talks about a/an___________(what) that happened in _________ (where) in ______(when).
earthquake
Tangshan
1976
3. In what order is the text written
A. Time B. Space C. Feeling
2. What’s the type of this text
A. a news report B. a literary journal（报告文学）
C. a novel
报告文学是散文的一种，介于新闻报道和小说之间，兼有新闻和文学的特点的散文。报告文学是运用文学艺术，真实、及时地反映社会生活事件和人物活动的一种文学体裁。
While reading---Task 1 Skimming for main idea.
Task 2 Scanning for general ideas of each paragraph.
The first and last sentences of each paragraph usually give us the main idea.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
The earthquake happened and caused death injuries in Tangshan.
Help came soon after the quakes.
The earthquake caused unbelievable damage to Tangshan.
Tangshan came back to life again.
Warning signs before the earthquake.
How many parts can this passage be divided into
Why
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Para.
Structure
Para.
Para.
the earthquake
Task 3 Think and use one word to summarize each part.
Before
During
After
Signs
Damage
Rescue＋Revival
1
2-3
4-5
the earthquake
the earthquake
time order
Find the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside of the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock-and then, later that afternoon, another bit quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
para.1: Warning signs before the earthquakes
para.2: The ________ of the big earthquake
para.3: The immediate _____ of the earthquake.
happening
effects
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
para.4: The _______ work.
para.5: The _______ of the city.
rescue
revival
Part 1: the signs before the earthquake
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside of the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
While reading:
Read for details
What were the strange things that were happening before the earthquake
water
well walls.
Chickens and even pigs
dogs
Mice
fish
bright lights
loud noises
warning
unaware
unprepared
asleep
How did
people feel
3:42 am
The quake even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it.
A huge crack was 8 kilometres long and thirty metres wide
Two thirds of the people in Tangshan died or were injured.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
3:43 am
What happen in less than one minute
Part 2: The damage during the earthquake
At 3:42 am , everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock-and then, later that afternoon, another bit quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
Why did the writer use so many numbers
in the text
1.to show the earthquake was very ______and it __________________to people and the city.
2.to make the article more ____________ and ___________ .
serious
caused huge damage
convincing
shocking
Part 2: The damage during the earthquake
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another bit quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
While reading:
Read for details
How did
people feel
in panic
in despair
Part 3: The rescue and the revival after the earthquake.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
hopeful
positive
spirited
come back to life or recover
While reading:
Read for details
Who came to the rescue
What did they do
How did people feel
signs damage rescue&revival
———|——————|——————|———→
before… during… after…
Finish your mind map.
Retell the story according to the mind map
the change of
people’s feelings
unaware
shocked
hopeless
hopeful
While reading:
Read for writing style and language features
1. Explore the figure of speech（修辞格) in the following sentences.
personification(拟人)
repetition (反复)
simile(明喻)
personification(拟人)
metaphor(暗喻)
Function: to make the description __________________________.
more vivid and expressive
Literary
(1) The earth shook so violently that no one could sleep all night;
(2) The earth was badly damaged by the quake;
(3) The earthquake magnitude was very high, and this meant millions of death and an incalculable amount of damage to property; ...
The Tangshan city began to get help and there was hope to recover.
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
一个人可以被毁灭，但绝不会被打败。
Disasters have no mercy, but humans do.
天灾无情，人有情。
If everyone gives a hand, the world would be full of love.
What can we learn from Tangshan’s revival
Hopeless ruins
Flourishing city
What would you do if a big earthquake hit your city
Post reading
Don’t panic or run in a hurry. Calm down and…
Hide in a corner of the house.
Turn off the gas.
Keep away from the power lines, signs and buildings.
Use something hard to protect your head.
Never try to use the lift.
damage to the city
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
damage to the people
Two-thirds of people_______________________.
Thousands of children___________without parents.
The number of people who___________________________was more than 400,000.
damage to public facilities
All of its hospitals, 75%of its factories, and 90%of its homes______________.
Most bridges had fallen or were not safe.
The railway tracks________________________________.
damage to animals
Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens_______________.
were dead or injured
were left
were killed or badly injured
were gone
were now useless pieces of metal
were dead
be+ done/adj. can make description more objective.
Careful reading
Damage during the earthquake (Para2-3)
1. shock / k / n. 震惊；惊愕
in shock 处于极度震惊的状态
The news of my promotion is a shock to me.
我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
v. 使震惊；使惊愕 shock sb to do sth
I was shocked to hear that he had injured.
听到他受伤的消息，我深感震惊。
shocking adj. 令人气愤的；惹人憎恶的
shocking behavior/news 骇人听闻的行为/令人震惊的消息
2. breathe / bri / v. 呼吸
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe (easily/freely) again 平静下来；松一口气
The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe.
空气非常寒冷，以至于我们难以呼吸。
breath / breθ / n. 呼吸的空气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
out of breath 喘不上气
hold your breath 屏气
3. great/joint effort 极大的/共同的努力
努力做某事
put effort into sth
make an/every effort to do sth
你应该更加努力地学习。
You should put effort into study.
You should make every effort to study.
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
with (an) effort 努力地
without effort 毫不费力地
effort / ef t / n. 努力；艰难的尝试
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
(1)We'll ___________________you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (try)
(2)We'll _________________________you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (effort)
(3)We'll _______________________you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (effort)
effort / ef t / n. 努力；艰难的尝试
try our best to help
make every effort to help
spare no effort to help
4. wisdom / w zd m /
n. 智慧；才智
words of wisdom 至理名言
wisdom of sth/ of doing sth 某事/做某事是明智的
I question the wisdom of giving so many dictations.
我对听写这么多次是否明智怀有疑问。
wise / wa z / adj. 充满智慧的；明智的
a wise decision 明智的决定
wisely adv. 聪明地
5. ruin / ru n / v. 毁坏；破坏
n. 废墟；残垣断壁 n. 废墟；残垣断壁 n. 废墟；残垣断壁 n. 废墟；残垣断壁n. 废墟；残垣断壁
in ruins 毁坏；严重受损
fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪
ruin one's hope/future/health 毁掉某人的希望/将来/健康
be/ lie in ruins 成为废墟，毁灭
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
吸烟毁掉你的健康，所以你最好戒烟。
Heavy smoking ruins your health，so you’d better quit smoking.
二战后，整个国家处于一片废墟中。
The country was/lay in ruins after World War Ⅱ.
6. bury / beri / v. 埋葬，埋藏
他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
Their ambitions were finally buried.
狗把骨头埋在花园里。
The dog buried the bone in the garden.
bury oneself in sth 专心致志于某事 = be buried in
自从她离开后，他全心扑在工作上。
Since she left, he buried himself in his work.＝he was buried in his work.
... the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
7. trap / tr p / n. 陷阱；圈套 v. 使落入陷阱，险境
set a trap 设下圈套 fall into a trap 落入圈套
她给他设下圈套，他就落入圈套了。
She had set a trap for him and he had fallen into the trap.
be trapped in...　　　 困在……中；陷在……中
I am trapped in my job.
我被困在工作中了。
trap sb.into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
He trapped me into staying up late with him.
他诱使我和他一起熬夜。
8 suffer　
vt.遭受；蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer from...　　　　　　 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from heart disease 患心脏病
suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻
(2)suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
(3)suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
5
Read the sentences describing what happened after a huge plete the sentences with the correct forms of the new words and phrases from the text.
The huge earthquake left nearly the whole city __________.
Everyone was ________, thinking the world must be coming to an end.
Millions of people were left without water, food, or __________.
in ruins
in shock
electricity
5
Soldiers and volunteers worked as hard as they could to pull away _______ and rocks, and rescue those who were ________ under the ruins.
Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injures, but others had already stopped _________ when they were discovered.
A few buildings were still standing, but people were afraid to use them as shelters, worrying they would be _________ if the buildings fell.
bricks
buried
breathing
trapped
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
as if 似乎；好像
It seems as if/as though... 似乎是……
_______________ you have something on your mind. 你好像有什么心事似的。
It seems as if she’d had some bad news. 她好像有些坏消息。
come to an end 结束
at the end of 在……末尾
by the end of 到……末
in the end 最后
It seems as if

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